The Axiological Distance of Generation Z in Poland: Comparing Work-Related Value Expectations with the Globe Model’s Societal Practices and Values
References
- Abramson, P. R., & Inglehart, R. (1987). Generational replacement and the future of post-materialist values. The Journal of Politics, 49(1), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.2307/2131142
- Alipour, A. (2019). The conceptual difference really matters: Hofstede vs GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance and the risk-taking behavior of firms. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 26(4), 467–489. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-04-2019-0084
- Bierwisch, M., & Schreuder, R. (1992). From concepts to lexical items. Cognition, 42(1–3), 23–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(92)90039-K
- Bullough, A., Cotton, R., Dastmalchian, A., Dorfman, P., & Egri, C. (2020). GLOBE 2020: The latest findings on cultural practices, culture change, and leadership ideals. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2020(1), 17374. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.17374symposium
- Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (2011). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. Jossey-Bass.
- Cartwright, S., & Schoenberg, R. (2006). Thirty years of mergers and acquisitions research: Recent advances and future opportunities. British Journal of Management, 17(S1), S1–S5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00475.x
- Casalegno, C., Candelo, E., & Santoro, G. (2022). Exploring the antecedents of green and sustainable purchase behaviour: A comparison among different generations. Psychology & Marketing, 39(5), 1007–1021. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21637
- Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
- Dalton, R. J., & Welzel, C. (Eds.). (2014). The civic culture transformed: From allegiant to assertive citizens. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139600002
- Denison, D. R., Adkins, B., & Guidroz, A. M. (2011). Managing cultural integration in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. In W. H. Mobley, M. Li, & Y. Wang (Eds.), Advances in global leadership (Vol. 6, pp. 95–115). Emerald Group Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006008
- Dimock, M. (2019, January 17). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/where-millennials-endand-generation-z-begins/
- Edmunds, J., & Turner, B. S. (2005). Global generations: Social change in the twentieth century. The British Journal of Sociology, 56(4), 559–577. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00083.x
- Elfenbein, H. A., & O’Reilly, C. A., II. (2007). Fitting in: The effects of relational demography and person-culture fit on group process and performance. Group & Organization Management, 32(1), 109–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601106286882
- Heys, E. (2024, June). Cultural evolution: Measuring differences in generational values (Working paper). Berkeley Institute for Young Americans. https://youngamericans.berkeley.edu/2024/06/cultural-evolution-measuring-differences-in-generational-values/
- Hinz, A., Michalski, D., Schwarz, R., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2007). The acquiescence effect in responding to a questionnaire. GMS Psycho-Social-Medicine, 4, Doc07. https://www.egms.de/en/journals/psm/2007-4/psm000039.shtml
- Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. SAGE Publications.
- Horwitz, F. M., Heng, C. T., Quazi, H. A., Nonkwelo, C., Roditi, D., & van Eck, P. (2006). Human resource strategies for managing knowledge workers: An Afro-Asian comparative analysis. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(5), 775–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190600640802
- House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Sage Publications.
- İlhan, Ü. D., & Duran, C. (2025). Simultaneous convergence and divergence: A global generation paradigm perspective on Gen Z work values. International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences, 15(2), 1237–1268. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18188738
- Inglehart, R. (2018). Cultural evolution: People’s motivations are changing and reshaping the world. Changing Societies & Personalities, 2(2), 198–202. https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2018.2.2.037
- Javidan, M., House, R. J., Dorfman, P. W., Hanges, P. J., & de Luque, M. S. (2006). Conceptualizing and measuring cultures and their consequences: A comparative review of GLOBE’s and Hofstede’s approaches. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 897–914. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400234
- Kwiecińska, M., Grzesik, K., Siewierska-Chmaj, A., & Popielska-Borys, A. (2023). Generational differences in values and patterns of thinking in the workplace. Argumenta Oeconomica, 50(1), 95–118. https://doi.org/10.15611/aoe.2023.1.05
- Leurs, K. H. A., & Georgiou, M. (2016). Digital makings of the cosmopolitan city? Young people’s urban imaginaries of London. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3689–3709.
- Mannheim, K. (1952). The problem of generations. In P. Kecskemeti (Ed.), Essays on the sociology of knowledge (pp. 276–322). Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- McCrindle, M., & Wolfinger, E. (2010). The ABC of XYZ: Understanding the global generations. UNSW Press.
- Mertala, P., López-Pernas, S., Vartiainen, H., Saqr, M., & Tedre, M. (2024). Digital natives in the scientific literature: A topic modeling approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 152, 108076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.108076
- Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108595841
- O’Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487–516. https://doi.org/10.2307/256404
- Pagda, Z., Bayraktar, S., & Jimenez, A. (2021). Exploring culture and leadership after 23 years: A replication of GLOBE project in Turkey. Journal of International Management, 27(1), 100822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2020.100822
- Parry, E., & Urwin, P. (2011). Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00285.x
- Pradhan, D., Kuanr, A., Pahi, S. A., & Akram, M. S. (2023). Influencer marketing: When and why Gen Z consumers avoid influencers and endorsed brands. Psychology & Marketing, 40(1), 27–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21749
- Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants, Part 1. On the Horizon: The International Journal of Learning Futures, 9(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816
- Rehor, P., Vrchota, J., Mariková, M., & Klarner, L. (2025). Work motivation of Generation Z in the Czech Republic. Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, 43(2), 443–464. https://doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2025.2.4
- Rigó, R., Srámka, M., Grencíková, A., & Navickas, V. (2025). Changes in labour market indicators under the influence of intergenerational disparities in value orientation. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 12(4), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.9770/c7894293492
- Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership. Jossey-Bass.
- See, J.-M., & Kummerow, E. H. (2008). Work and work-family values in accountancy: A person-culture fit approach. Pacific Accounting Review, 20(2), 158–173. https://doi.org/10.1108/01140580810892490
- Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why today’s super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy—and completely unprepared for adulthood. Atria Books.
- Vandenberghe, C. (1999). Organizational culture, person-culture fit, and turnover: A replication in the health care industry. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(2), 175–184.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jec-2026-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2256-0173
Language: English
Page range: 98 - 108
Submitted on: May 19, 2026
Accepted on: Jun 5, 2026
Published on: Jul 3, 2026
Published by: EKA University of Applied Sciences
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Related subjects:
© 2026 Wiktor Zygosz, Marcin Komańda, Masoud Hajizade, Honorata Książek, published by EKA University of Applied Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.