Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Difinitions of research levels_
| Research Level | Biomedical definition | Non-biomedical definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Clinical observation | Applied technology |
| 2 | Clinical mix | Engineering-technological mix |
| 3 | Applied research | Applied research |
| 4 | Basic research | Basic scientific research |
The average rankings of four organizations_
| Society | The mean of rankings | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| macro level | meso level | micro level | |
| FHG | 74.67 | 113.19 | 128.86 |
| HGF | 97.83 | 55.06 | 37.22 |
| WGL | 161.31 | 141.31 | 136.72 |
| MPG | 157.49 | 152.80 | 147.79 |
Regression analysis of factors affecting ranking changes_
| Change of levels | variables | coef | sth err | t | P>|t| | [0.025 | 0.975] | R-squared |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| From Macro to Meso | intercept | −16.9987 | 5.032 | −3.378 | 0.001 | −27.038 | −6.959 | 0.73 |
| Ranking change of variety | 0.2577 | 0.051 | 5.064 | 0 | 0.156 | 0.359 | ||
| Ranking change of evenness | 0.6059 | 0.06 | 10.101 | 0 | 0.486 | 0.726 | ||
| Ranking change of disparity | 0.5397 | 0.08 | 6.747 | 0 | 0.38 | 0.699 | ||
| From Meso to Micro | intercept | −5.5774 | 1.768 | −3.154 | 0.002 | −9.105 | −2.05 | 0.638 |
| Ranking change of variety | −0.176 | 0.076 | −2.322 | 0.023 | −0.327 | −0.025 | ||
| Ranking change of evenness | 0.3443 | 0.07 | 4.931 | 0 | 0.205 | 0.484 | ||
| Ranking change of disparity | 0.8479 | 0.127 | 6.672 | 0 | 0.594 | 1.101 |
Number of meso- and micro-level categories in each macro level category_
| Macro category | Number of meso level categories | Number of micro level categories | Share of publications | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FHG | HGF | MPG | WGL | |||
| 1 Clinical & Life Sciences | 132 | 915 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.24 |
| 2 Chemistry | 37 | 265 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology | 28 | 221 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.18 |
| 4 Electrical Engineering, Electronics & Computer Science | 27 | 170 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| 5 Physics | 26 | 210 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.36 | 0.15 |
| 6 Social Sciences | 24 | 246 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.15 |
| 7 Engineering & Materials Science | 20 | 141 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 8 Earth Sciences | 12 | 68 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.06 |
| 9 Mathematics | 12 | 93 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| 10 Arts & Humanities | 8 | 62 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Proportions of applied research of four societies_
| Society | Number of applied research papers | Number of all papers | Proportion |
|---|---|---|---|
| HGF | 69,028 | 115,188 | 0.60 |
| MPG | 20,169 | 64,712 | 0.31 |
| WGL | 24,509 | 40,389 | 0.61 |
| FHG | 12,135 | 14,037 | 0.86 |
Average share of publications in each cluster across macro categories_
| macro | Cluster | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
| 1 Clinical & Life Sciences | 0.7458 | 0.0990 | 0.0278 | 0.0732 | 0.0716 | 0.1757 | 0.0769 |
| 2 Chemistry | 0.0849 | 0.0023 | 0.1192 | 0.0126 | 0.3456 | 0.0425 | 0.0378 |
| 3 Agriculture, Environment & Ecology | 0.0776 | 0.0226 | 0.0048 | 0.0072 | 0.0335 | 0.6720 | 0.2147 |
| 4 Electrical Engineering, Electronics & Computer Science | 0.0279 | 0.0570 | 0.0277 | 0.7334 | 0.1415 | 0.0161 | 0.0360 |
| 5 Physics | 0.0132 | 0.0028 | 0.7842 | 0.0262 | 0.1581 | 0.0044 | 0.0280 |
| 6 Social Sciences | 0.0228 | 0.7176 | 0.0043 | 0.1093 | 0.0218 | 0.0332 | 0.0606 |
| 7 Engineering & Materials Science | 0.0091 | 0.0025 | 0.0180 | 0.0148 | 0.1759 | 0.0062 | 0.0607 |
| 8 Earth Sciences | 0.0069 | 0.0068 | 0.0095 | 0.0099 | 0.0126 | 0.0489 | 0.4670 |
| 9 Mathematics | 0.0072 | 0.0046 | 0.0039 | 0.0078 | 0.0377 | 0.0005 | 0.0080 |
| 10 Arts & Humanities | 0.0047 | 0.0848 | 0.0005 | 0.0057 | 0.0015 | 0.0005 | 0.0103 |
Numbers of each type of institutes in the four societies_
| Society | Type of institute | Number of institutes |
|---|---|---|
| HGF | BRI | 6 |
| MRI | 12 | |
| ARI | 0 | |
| MPG | BRI | 58 |
| MRI | 14 | |
| ARI | 9 | |
| WGL | BRI | 21 |
| MRI | 36 | |
| ARI | 30 | |
| FHG | BRI | 1 |
| MRI | 23 | |
| ARI | 46 |
Effects of organization and institution type on Ranking Changes_
| coef | sth err | t | P>|t| | [0.025 | 0.975] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | −46.3744 | 9.5920 | −4.8347 | 0.0000 | −65.2661 | −27.4827 |
| sektor[T.HGF] | 122.3198 | 28.6161 | 4.2745 | 0.0000 | 65.9594 | 178.6803 |
| sektor[T.MPG] | 52.2014 | 15.0183 | 3.4759 | 0.0006 | 22.6223 | 81.7805 |
| sektor[T.WGL] | 55.2645 | 12.3258 | 4.4837 | 0.0000 | 30.9885 | 79.5405 |
| inst_type[T.BFI] | 13.1273 | 13.9912 | 0.9383 | 0.3490 | −14.4288 | 40.6835 |
| inst_type[T.MFI] | −2.1380 | 11.9009 | −0.1797 | 0.8576 | −25.5773 | 21.3013 |
| count_paper | −0.0001 | 0.0033 | −0.0162 | 0.9871 | −0.0065 | 0.0064 |