Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
The search string for extracting documents_
| Fields | Search String in Web of science category (WC) | Sample, number of papers in 2016 |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | WC=((“Chemistry, Analytical” OR “Chemistry, Applied” OR “Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear” OR “Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear” OR “Chemistry, Medicinal” OR “Chemistry, Multidisciplinary” OR “Chemistry, Organic” OR “Chemistry, Physical”)) | 183,027 |
| Physics | WC=((“Physics, Applied” OR “Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical” OR “Physics, Condensed Matter” OR “Physics, Fluids & Plasmas” OR “Physics, Mathematical” OR “Physics, Multidisciplinary” OR “Physics, Nuclear” OR “Physics, Particles & Fields”)) | 127,409 |
| Medicine | WC=((Medicine, General & Internal” OR “Medicine, Legal” OR “Medicine, Research & Experimental” OR “Physiology”)) | 55,419 |
| Biology | WC=(“Biochemistry & Molecular Biology”)) OR (“Biology”) OR (“Biophysics”) OR (“Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology”) OR (“Evolutionary Biology”) OR (“Cell Biology”) | 124,245 |
| Computer Science | WC=((“Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence” OR “Computer Science, Cybernetics” OR (“Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture” OR (“Computer Science, Information Systems” OR (“Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications” OR (“Computer Science, Software Engineering” OR (“Computer Science, Theory & Methods”)) | 49,633 |
| Economics | WC=(“Economics”) | 19,003 |
| Engineering | WC=((“Engineering, Aerospace”) OR (“Engineering, Biomedical” OR (“Engineering, Chemical” OR (“Engineering, Civil”) OR (“Engineering, Electrical & Electronic” OR (“Engineering, Environmental” OR (“Engineering, Geological” OR (“Engineering, Industrial”)) OR (“Engineering, Manufacturing”)) OR (“Engineering, Marine” OR (“Engineering, Mechanical” OR (“Engineering, Multidisciplinary” OR (“Engineering, Ocean” OR (“Engineering, Petroleum”)) | 71,387 |
| Environmental Sciences | WC=((“ Environmental Sciences”) OR (“Environmental Studies”) OR (“Oceanography”)) | 67,424 |
| Astronomy & Astrophysics | WC=(“ Astronomy & Astrophysics”) | 19,990 |
| Mathematics & Statistics | WC=((“Mathematics, Applied”)) OR (“Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications” OR (“Statistics & Probability”)) | 55,798 |
| Sociology | WC=(“Sociology”) | 5,019 |
| Geology | WC=((“Geology”) OR (“Mineralogy”)) | 4,942 |
| Zoology | WC=(“ Zoology”) | 12,262 |
| Psychology | WC=((“Psychology, Applied”) OR (“Psychology, Biological”) OR (“Psychology, Biological”) OR (“Psychology, Clinical”) OR (“Psychology, Developmental”) OR (“Psychology, Educational”) OR (“Psychology, Experimental”) OR (“Psychology, Mathematical”) OR (“Psychology, Multidisciplinary”) OR (“Psychology, Multidisciplinary”) OR (“Psychology, Psychoanalysis”) OR (“Psychology, Social”)) | 35,779 |
| Total | 831,337 |
Estimated power law relationship between citations and number of articles in journals per funding status between basic and applied sciences
| Fields of research | Sources | α_OLS | (SD) | α_SMA | Pearson Coeff. r | Δ | k | R2 | N, journals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic sciences (BAS) | |||||||||
| Chemistry | Funded | 1.25*** | 0.04 | 1.35 | 0.92 | 3.54*** | 0.84 | 527 | |
| Unfunded | 0 94*** | 0.05 | 1.27 | 0.74 | 12.20*** | 0.57 | 526 | ||
| Physics | Funded | 1.17*** | 0.05 | 1.28 | 0.90 | 4.60*** | 0.82 | 382 | |
| Unfunded | 1.02*** | 0.06 | 1.26 | 0.81 | 7.27*** | 0.66 | 382 | ||
| Astronomy & Astrophysics | Funded | 1.22*** | 0.01 | 1.30 | 0.93 | 4.47*** | 0.88 | 63 | |
| Unfunded | 0.98*** | 0.05 | 1.30 | 0.75 | 7.90*** | 0.57 | 60 | ||
| Mathematics & Statistics | Funded | 1.09*** | 0.04 | 1.30 | 0.84 | 4.66*** | 0.70 | 654 | |
| Unfunded | 1.03*** | 0.04 | 1.31 | 0.78 | 4.61*** | 0.61 | 653 | ||
| OLS and SMA estimation in all Basic Sciences | Funded | 1.24*** | 0.02 | 1.34 | 0.91 | 0.10 | 1.20*** | 0.84 | 1,628 |
| Unfunded | 1.06*** | 0.02 | 1.34 | 0.78 | 0.28 | 1.78*** | 0.62 | 1,622 | |
| Sources | α | (SD) | k | R2 | N | ||||
| Applied sciences (APS) | |||||||||
| Engineering | Funded | 1.24*** | 0.04 | 1.36 | 0.91 | 4.17*** | 0.82 | 431 | |
| Unfunded | 1.11*** | 0.06 | 1.46 | 0.76 | 6.13*** | 0.58 | 437 | ||
| Environmental Sciences | Funded | 1.19*** | 0.03 | 1.28 | 0.92 | 6.42*** | 0.86 | 464 | |
| Unfunded | 1.14*** | 0.04 | 1.33 | 0.85 | 7.83*** | 0.72 | 464 | ||
| Medicine | Funded | 1.25*** | 0.05 | 1.37 | 0.91 | 5.10*** | 0.83 | 364 | |
| Unfunded | 0.71*** | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.71 | 25.79*** | 0.50 | 373 | ||
| Biology | Funded | 1.27*** | 0.03 | 1.27 | 0.90 | 4.24*** | 0.81 | 894 | |
| Unfunded | 0.94*** | 0.03 | 1.22 | 0.77 | 12.90*** | 0.59 | 866 | ||
| Psychology | Funded | 1.18*** | 0.03 | 1.30 | 0.90 | 8.43*** | 0.81 | 572 | |
| Unfunded | 1.11*** | 0.04 | 1.38 | 0.80 | 8.80*** | 0.64 | 586 | ||
| Economics | Funded | 1.38*** | 0.05 | 1.57 | 0.87 | 3.48*** | 0.76 | 364 | |
| Unfunded | 1.16*** | 0.07 | 1.60 | 0.72 | 5.11*** | 0.52 | 372 | ||
| Sociology | Funded | 1.48*** | 0.07 | 1.65 | 0.89 | 3.33*** | 0.80 | 131 | |
| Unfunded | 1.13*** | 0.08 | 1.50 | 0.75 | 6.35*** | 0.56 | 136 | ||
| Geology | Funded | 1.46*** | 0.06 | 1.51 | 0.96 | 1.99*** | 0.93 | 77 | |
| Unfunded | 1.32*** | 0.08 | 1.52 | 0.86 | 3.46*** | 0.75 | 77 | ||
| Zoology | Funded | 1.24*** | 0.06 | 1.35 | 0.92 | 3.20*** | 0.85 | 176 | |
| Unfunded | 1.07*** | 0.06 | 1.35 | 0.79 | 5.15*** | 0.62 | 56 | ||
| Computer Science | Funded | 1.19*** | 0.04 | 1.37 | 0.87 | 5.92*** | 0.75 | 518 | |
| Unfunded | 1.17*** | 0.04 | 1.42 | 0.82 | 6.12*** | 0.68 | 520 | ||
| OLS and SMA estimation in all Applied Sciences | Funded | 1.23*** | 0.01 | 1.34 | 0.90 | 0.11 | 1.68*** | 0.83 | 3,994 |
| Unfunded | 1.04*** | 0.01 | 1.30 | 0.79 | 0.26 | 2.22*** | 0.63 | 4,005 | |
| Total | 11,125 |
Number of documents and citations in research fields according to the funding status, categorized in basic and applied sciences
| Field | Sources | Journals In 2016 | Papers in 2016 | % | Citations 2016-2021 | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic sciences (BAS) | ||||||
| Chemistry | Funded | 527 | 155,501 | 84.96 | 3,993,618 | 90.32 |
| Unfunded | 526 | 27,526 | 15.04 | 427,631 | 9.68 | |
| Physics | Funded | 382 | 104,041 | 81.65 | 2,144,540 | 88.82 |
| Unfunded | 382 | 23,368 | 18.35 | 269,907 | 11.18 | |
| Astronomy & Astrophysics | Funded | 63 | 17,421 | 87.15 | 414,861 | 93.15 |
| Unfunded | 60 | 2,569 | 12.85 | 30,513 | 16.85 | |
| Mathematics & Statistics | Funded | 654 | 38,681 | 69.33 | 367,409 | 74.65 |
| Unfunded | 653 | 17,117 | 30.67 | 124,795 | 25.35 | |
| Total B | 386,224 | 7,773,274 | ||||
| Average value in B | Funded | 80.77 | 86.74 | |||
| Unfunded | 19.23 | 15.77 | ||||
| A | Sources | Journals In 2016 | Papers in 2016 | % | Citations 2016-2021 | % |
| Engineering | Funded | 431 | 48,805 | 68.36 | 961,499 | 73.74 |
| Unfunded | 437 | 22,582 | 31.64 | 342,488 | 26.26 | |
| Environmental Sciences | Funded | 464 | 52,262 | 77.51 | 1,273,308 | 82.05 |
| Unfunded | 464 | 15,162 | 22.49 | 278,441 | 19.95 | |
| Medicine | Funded | 364 | 33,494 | 60.00 | 904,980 | 80.00 |
| Unfunded | 373 | 21,925 | 40.00 | 219,956 | 20.00 | |
| Biology | Funded | 894 | 105,872 | 85.21 | 2,555,930 | 90.58 |
| Unfunded | 866 | 18,373 | 14.79 | 265,972 | 9.42 | |
| Psychology | Funded | 572 | 20,202 | 56.46 | 399,767 | 60.80 |
| Unfunded | 586 | 15,577 | 43.54 | 257,670 | 39.20 | |
| Economics | Funded | 364 | 8,944 | 47.06 | 167,290 | 55.48 |
| Unfunded | 372 | 10,059 | 52.94 | 134,287 | 44.52 | |
| Sociology | Funded | 131 | 2,035 | 40.54 | 34,158 | 48.68 |
| Unfunded | 136 | 2,984 | 59.46 | 36,020 | 51.32 | |
| Geology | Funded | 77 | 3,888 | 78.68 | 71,782 | 85.25 |
| Unfunded | 77 | 1,054 | 21.32 | 12,425 | 14.75 | |
| Zoology | Funded | 176 | 9,380 | 76.50 | 95,128 | 81.86 |
| Unfunded | 56 | 2,882 | 23.50 | 21,069 | 18.14 | |
| Computer Science | Funded | 518 | 33,157 | 66.80 | 682,237 | 71.15 |
| Unfunded | 520 | 16,476 | 33.20 | 276,582 | 28.85 | |
| T | 11,125 | 445,113 | 8,990,989 | |||
| Average value in A | Funded | 65.712 | 72.96 | |||
| Unfunded | 34.288 | 27.24 | ||||
| TOTAL of BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES | 831,337 | 16,764,263 |