Factors Influencing Cities’ Publishing Efficiency

György, Csomós

doi:10.2478/jdis-2018-0014

Figures & Tables

Geographic visualisation of cities’ publishing efficiency.

Geographical location of the top 100 most efficient cities.

Geographical location of the bottom 100 least efficient cities.

Geographical location of the bottom 100 least efficient cities in terms of countries’ income levels.

Geographical location of cities that are home to the top 100 universities as ranked by ARWU.

Most productive scientific disciplines in highly cited articles_

	The most productive scientific disciplines occurring in the top 1–5 positions in the most efficient cities	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage	The most productive scientific disciplines occurring in the top 1–5 positions in the least efficient cities	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage
1	Science, Technology, and Other Topics	91	Science, Technology, and Other	74
			Topics
2	Physics	69	Chemistry	66
3	General Internal Medicine	69	Physics	56
4	Astronomy and Astrophysics	54	Engineering	54
5	Oncology	42	General Internal Medicine	37
6	Chemistry	28	Materials Science	37
7	Cardiovascular System and Cardiology	21	Astronomy and Astrophysics	25
8	Biochemistry and Molecular Biology	18	Environmental Sciences and Ecology	20
9	Environmental Sciences and Ecology	15	Oncology	20
10	Neurosciences and Neurology	14	Mathematics	17

j_jdis-2018-0014_tab_009_w2aab3b8c25b1b7b1ab2b2b1b1Aa

Rank	Country	City	Efficiency
1	Tunisia	Sfax	0.132
2	Russia	Yekaterinburg	0.161
3	South Korea	Cheonan	0.260
4	Iran	Shiraz	0.268
5	Romania	Iași	0.273
6	India	Kharagpur	0.283
7	China	Mianyang	0.325
8	Poland	Lublin	0.333
9	Brazil	São Carlos	0.333
10	China	Wenzhou	0.348
11	India	Varanasi	0.399
12	China	Shijiazhuang	0.416
13	South Korea	Cheongju	0.424
14	Japan	Gifu	0.436
15	Iran	Tabriz	0.444
16	Chile	Concepción	0.452
17	Brazil	Curitiba	0.454
18	Japan	Kumamoto	0.456
19	Malaysia	Serdang	0.462
20	Tunisia	Tunis	0.484
21	Egypt	Giza	0.487
22	China	Nantong	0.494
23	Israel	Beer-Sheva	0.501
24	Japan	Ibaraki	0.503
25	India	Kanpur	0.513
26	China	Baoding	0.516
27	Turkey	Konya	0.535
28	South Korea	Busan	0.537
29	Iran	Tehran	0.550
30	China	Shenyang	0.551
31	Egypt	Alexandria	0.552
32	Japan	Niigata	0.556
33	France	Villeneuve-d’Ascq	0.562
34	Spain	Alicante	0.563
35	South Korea	Gwangju	0.563
36	South Korea	Jeonju	0.566
37	Brazil	Fortaleza	0.567
38	Poland	Poznań	0.568
39	Brazil	Viçosa	0.576
40	Turkey	Izmir	0.587
41	India	Lucknow	0.587
42	Portugal	Aveiro	0.587
43	China	Zhengzhou	0.588
44	China	Guilin	0.594
45	China	Yantai	0.595
46	South Korea	Daejeon	0.596
47	Brazil	Belo Horizonte	0.601
48	India	Kolkata	0.606
49	China	Ürümqi	0.613
50	India	Chennai	0.617
51	Japan	Shizuoka	0.626
52	China	Nanning	0.632
53	India	Hyderabad	0.632
54	Japan	Saitama	0.634
55	Japan	Kawasaki	0.649
56	Brazil	Recife	0.654
57	Italy	Messina	0.661
58	Egypt	Cairo	0.670
59	Turkey	Istanbul	0.673
60	China	Changzhou	0.682
61	South Korea	Yongin	0.682
62	China	Kunming	0.689
63	Pakistan	Lahore	0.690
64	Japan	Sapporo	0.695
65	Argentina	Córdoba	0.720
66	Japan	Kanazawa	0.732
67	Poland	Gdańsk	0.736
68	Poland	Wrocław	0.736
69	China	Qingdao	0.737
70	Ukraine	Kiev	0.749
71	China	Jinan	0.749
72	China	Xinxiang	0.754
73	India	New Delhi	0.755
74	Poland	Łódź	0.756
75	China	Ningbo	0.758
76	India	Bangalore	0.783
77	South Korea	Jinju	0.783
78	Turkey	Ankara	0.791
79	Japan	Chiba	0.796
80	Japan	Sagamihara	0.798
81	South Africa	Pretoria	0.801
82	Russia	Novosibirsk	0.804
83	South Korea	Goyang	0.804
84	South Korea	Daegu	0.806
85	South Korea	Seoul	0.807
86	China	Nanchang	0.809
87	China	Taiyuan	0.810
88	China	Guiyang	0.813
89	India	Roorkee	0.829
90	Russia	Moscow	0.836
91	China	Wuxi	0.840
92	Brazil	Porto Alegre	0.844
93	Brazil	Florianópolis	0.855
94	Russia	Saint Petersburg	0.856
95	India	Mumbai	0.865
96	Japan	Sendai	0.865
97	UK	Loughborough	0.868
98	China	Xuzhou	0.869
99	Brazil	Campinas	0.884
100	Poland	Kraków	0.891

Top collaborators* in the case of the highly cited articles_

	Top collaborators of the most efficient non-US cities occurring in the 1–5 positions	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage	Top collaborators of the most efficient US cities occurring in the 1–5 positions	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 position in percentage	Top collaborators of the least efficient cities occurring in the 1–5 positions	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage
1	USA	100.00	England	100.00	USA	98.00
2	Germany	89.58	Germany	98.08	Germany	72.00
3	France	79.17	France	88.46	England	70.00
4	England	77.08	Canada	86.54	France	43.00
5	Italy	50.00	Australia	36.54	Australia	34.00
6	Netherlands	22.92	Italy	34.62	China	29.00
7	Spain	18.75	China	21.15	Italy	29.00
8	Switzerland	16.67	Spain	9.62	Spain	26.00
9	Australia	14.58	Netherlands	9.62	Canada	25.00
10	Canada	12.50	Switzerland	7.69	Japan	13.00

Number of cities and their mean publishing efficiencies by region and sub-region*_

Regions/Sub-regions	Number of cities	Percentage in the dataset	Cities’ mean efficiency publishing
Africa	11	1.99	1.306
Asia	131	23.65	1.009
Eastern Asia	88	15.88	0.950
Southern Asia	24	4.33	0.876
Western Asia	14	2.53	1.521
Europe	230	41.52	1.948
Eastern Europe	25	4.51	0.989
Northern Europe	60	10.83	2.260
Southern Europe	54	9.75	1.673
Western Europe	91	16.43	2.168
Latin America	21	3.79	0.952
Northern America	145	26.17	2.497
Canada	18	3.25	1.970
USA	127	22.92	2.572
Australia/New Zealand	16	2.89	1.918
World	554		1.818

Top 50 cities producing the greatest number of highly cities articles between 2014 and 2016_

Rank	Country	City	Number of highly cited articles (2014-2016)
1	China	Beijing	2650
2	USA	Boston, MA	2387
3	England	London	2337
4	USA	New York, NY	2237
5	USA	Cambridge, MA	1827
6	France	Paris	1601
7	China	Shanghai	1208
8	USA	Seattle, WA	1191
9	USA	Los Angeles, CA	1142
10	England	Oxford	1083
11	USA	Stanford, CA	1058
12	USA	Philadelphia, PA	1050
13	USA	Baltimore, MD	1047
14	Canada	Toronto, ON	1024
15	USA	Chicago, IL	991
16	USA	Atlanta, GA	971
17	USA	Houston, TX	964
18	Spain	Barcelona	920
19	USA	Berkeley, CA	911
20	USA	San Francisco, CA	910
21	England	Cambridge	885
22	Singapore	Singapore	871
23	China	Nanjing	866
24	USA	Bethesda, MD	825
25	Netherlands	Amsterdam	806
26	Spain	Madrid	772
27	USA	Ann Arbor, MI	765
28	Germany	Munich	764
29	Japan	Tokyo	734
30	Switzerland	Zürich	730
31	Denmark	Copenhagen	729
32	Australia	Sydney, NSW	723
33	China	Hong Kong	720
34	Sweden	Stockholm	708
35	South Korea	Seoul	698
36	Germany	Berlin	678
37	USA	Washington, DC	674
38	USA	Durham, NC	660
39	USA	New Haven, CT	659
40	Canada	Montreal, PQ	656
41	Australia	Melbourne, VIC	643
42	China	Wuhan	637
43	Germany	Heidelberg	627
44	Canada	Vancouver, BC	615
45	USA	Pittsburgh, PA	588
46	USA	Princeton, NJ	587
47	China	Guangzhou	552
48	Switzerland	Geneva	534
49	Saudi Arabia	Jeddah	532
50	USA	St. Louis, MO	511

Most productive scientific disciplines in all articles_

	The most productive scientific disciplines occurring in the top 1–5 positions in the most efficient cities	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage	The most productive scientific disciplines occurring in the top 1–5 positions in the least efficient cities	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage
1	Science, Technology, and Other Topics	84.00	Chemistry	99.00
2	Physics	63.00	Engineering	85.00
3	Neurosciences and Neurology	47.00	Physics	84.00
4	Chemistry	45.00	Materials Science	80.00
5	Engineering	41.00	Science, Technology, and Other	54.00
			Topics
6	Astronomy and Astrophysics	38.00	Mathematics	15.00
7	Oncology	29.00	Environmental Sciences and	12.00
			Ecology
8	Environmental Sciences and Ecology	21.00	Oncology	12.00
9	Psychology	20.00	Pharmacology and Pharmacy	11.00
10	Materials Science	16.00	Agriculture	7.00

Top collaborators* in the case of all articles_

	Top collaborators of the most efficient non-US cities occurring in the 1–5 positions	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage	Top collaborators of the most efficient US cities occurring in the 1–5 positions	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 position in percentage	Top collaborators of the least efficient cities occurring in the 1–5 positions	Frequency of occurrence in the 1–5 positions in percentage
1	USA	100.00	Germany	98.11	USA	98.00
2	Germany	87.50	England	98.11	Germany	78.00
3	England	75.00	China	94.34	England	69.00
4	France	75.00	Canada	84.91	France	39.00
5	Italy	52.08	France	66.04	China	31.00
6	Netherlands	27.08	Australia	15.09	Australia	30.00
7	Australia	18.75	Italy	15.09	Japan	25.00
8	Spain	18.75	Japan	5.66	Canada	23.00
9	China	16.67	Netherlands	5.66	Italy	23.00
10	Scotland	8.33	South Korea	5.66	South Korea	18.00

j_jdis-2018-0014_tab_008_w2aab3b8c25b1b7b1ab2b2ab1aAa

Rank	Country	City	Efficiency
1	France	Villejuif	6.174
2	USA	Menlo Park, CA	5.676
3	USA	Princeton, NJ	4.978
4	USA	Cambridge, MA	4.670
5	USA	Stanford, CA	4.658
6	Saudi Arabia	Jeddah	4.541
7	USA	Santa Cruz, CA	4.430
8	USA	Pasadena, CA	4.400
9	USA	San Francisco, CA	3.993
10	USA	Berkeley, CA	3.932
11	USA	Upton, NY	3.920
12	USA	Bethesda, MD	3.912
13	USA	Seattle, WA	3.870
14	USA	Rochester, MN	3.830
15	USA	Santa Barbara, CA	3.778
16	USA	Boston, MA	3.742
17	USA	Greenbelt, MD	3.679
18	USA	Rockville, MD	3.667
19	USA	Richland, WA	3.618
20	Switzerland	Geneva	3.566
21	USA	New Haven, CT	3.565
22	UK	Oxford	3.427
23	USA	Durham, NC	3.400
24	USA	Evanston, IL	3.388
25	UK	Didcot	3.366
26	USA	Boulder, CO	3.288
27	USA	Dallas, TX	3.272
28	USA	New York, NY	3.262
29	Italy	Perugia	3.219
30	USA	Riverside, CA	3.201
31	Germany	Heidelberg	3.177
32	UK	Cambridge	3.171
33	UK	Brighton	3.162
34	USA	Nashville, TN	3.122
35	France	Créteil	3.111
36	Israel	Rehovot	3.096
37	USA	Portland, OR	3.091
38	USA	Palo Alto, CA	3.080
39	Switzerland	Basel	3.050
40	Italy	Trieste	3.036
41	USA	St. Louis, MO	3.029
42	Netherlands	Rotterdam	3.028
43	Canada	Vancouver, BC	3.024
44	UK	Norwich	3.006
45	USA	Aurora, CO	3.004
46	USA	Atlanta, GA	2.982
47	UK	Lancaster	2.976
48	Netherlands	Nijmegen	2.963
49	USA	San Antonio, TX	2.961
50	France	Gif-sur-Yvette	2.955
51	USA	Los Angeles, CA	2.948
52	USA	Chapel Hill, NC	2.937
53	Canada	Victoria, BC	2.924
54	UK	Dundee	2.916
55	USA	Philadelphia, PA	2.907
56	UK	Leicester	2.906
57	UK	Edinburgh	2.898
58	USA	Research Triangle Park, NC	2.897
59	South Africa	Cape Town	2.896
60	Netherlands	Wageningen	2.886
61	Germany	Garching bei München	2.877
62	USA	Baltimore, MD	2.866
63	Switzerland	Lausanne	2.866
64	Denmark	Copenhagen	2.855
65	USA	Rochester, NY	2.852
66	USA	Houston, TX	2.846
67	Estonia	Tartu	2.842
68	USA	Providence, RI	2.840
69	USA	Denver, CO	2.837
70	USA	Birmingham, AL	2.826
71	South Africa	Durban	2.818
72	France	Clermont-Ferrand	2.802
73	USA	Ann Arbor, MI	2.800
74	Italy	Ferrara	2.797
75	USA	Cleveland, OH	2.788
76	Canada	Hamilton, ON	2.768
77	UK	Southampton	2.758
78	UK	Cardiff	2.738
79	UK	Exeter	2.738
80	USA	San Diego, CA	2.734
81	USA	Hanover, NH	2.715
82	Germany	Mainz	2.714
83	USA	Gaithersburg, MD	2.691
84	USA	Worcester, MA	2.687
85	Switzerland	Villigen	2.686
86	UK	Birmingham	2.685
87	Denmark	Lyngby	2.684
88	Germany	Bonn	2.678
89	Canada	Toronto, ON	2.660
90	UK	Newcastle	2.658
91	Switzerland	Bern	2.657
92	USA	Amherst, MA	2.652
93	USA	Eugene, OR	2.650
94	Netherlands	Amsterdam	2.643
95	USA	Chicago, IL	2.638
96	Germany	Essen	2.627
97	Belgium	Brussels	2.614
98	Italy	Pavia	2.611
99	USA	Winston-Salem, NC	2.594
100	USA	Tallahassee, FL	2.591

Top 50 cities producing the greatest number of articles between 2014 and 2016_

Rank	Country	City	Total number of articles (2014-2016)
1	China	Beijing	201260
2	China	Shanghai	98227
3	England	London	92453
4	South Korea	Seoul	86447
5	Japan	Tokyo	77440
6	France	Paris	75033
7	China	Nanjing	70320
8	USA	New York, NY	68577
9	USA	Boston, MA	63789
10	China	Guangzhou	51922
11	China	Wuhan	50343
12	Russia	Moscow	47871
13	Spain	Madrid	47061
14	Iran	Tehran	46173
15	China	Xi’an	44052
16	Spain	Barcelona	40393
17	Brazil	São Paulo	39916
18	USA	Cambridge, MA	39121
19	China	Hong Kong	39032
20	China	Hangzhou	39029
21	USA	Los Angeles, CA	38740
22	Canada	Toronto, ON	38497
23	Australia	Sydney, NSW	37676
24	USA	Chicago, IL	37560
25	Singapore	Singapore	37523
26	USA	Baltimore, MD	36528
27	Germany	Berlin	36509
28	USA	Philadelphia, PA	36117
29	China	Chengdu	36032
30	USA	Houston, TX	33869
31	USA	Atlanta, GA	32564
32	Canada	Montreal, PQ	31820
33	China	Tianjin	31764
34	England	Oxford	31605
35	Germany	Munich	30886
36	USA	Seattle, WA	30779
37	Netherlands	Amsterdam	30498
38	USA	Washington, DC	29986
39	Switzerland	Zürich	29242
40	Australia	Melbourne, VIC	29198
41	Sweden	Stockholm	28599
42	England	Cambridge	27907
43	China	Changsha	27442
44	USA	Ann Arbor, MI	27322
45	Japan	Osaka	26594
46	China	Jinan	26557
47	China	Harbin	26386
48	Denmark	Copenhagen	25538
49	Italy	Rome	25378
50	China	Hefei	24911

Factors Influencing Cities’ Publishing Efficiency

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Most productive scientific disciplines in highly cited articles_

j_jdis-2018-0014_tab_009_w2aab3b8c25b1b7b1ab2b2b1b1Aa

Top collaborators* in the case of the highly cited articles_

Number of cities and their mean publishing efficiencies by region and sub-region*_

Top 50 cities producing the greatest number of highly cities articles between 2014 and 2016_

Most productive scientific disciplines in all articles_

Top collaborators* in the case of all articles_

j_jdis-2018-0014_tab_008_w2aab3b8c25b1b7b1ab2b2ab1aAa

Top 50 cities producing the greatest number of articles between 2014 and 2016_

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