FIGURE 1.
Correlation analysis of patient characteristics and cystatin C levels
| Parameter | Correlation coefficient | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.38 (0.16–0.57) | <0.001* |
| Body mass index | – | 0.52 |
| Heart failure (NYHA class) | – | 0.34 |
| Hemoglobin | −0.30 (−0.50 to −0.07) | 0.01* |
| White blood cells | – | 0.47 |
| Platelets | – | 0.52 |
| Glucose | 0.32 (0.10–0.52) | <0.01* |
| Total cholesterol | – | 0.52 |
| LDL-cholesterol | – | 0.68 |
| HDL-cholesterol | −0.54 (−0.74 to −0.31) | <0.01* |
| Triglycerides | – | 0.12 |
| Total protein | – | 0.72 |
| Albumin | −0.67 (−0.88 to −0.42) | 0.02* |
| Uric acid | 0.70 (0.50–0.87) | <0.0001* |
| Potassium | 0.65 (0.43–0.82) | 0.0001* |
Correlation analysis of patient characteristics and NGAL levels
| Parameter | Correlation coefficient | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Age | – | 0.31 |
| Body mass index | – | 0.13 |
| Heart failure (NYHA class) | 0.26 (0.03–0.46) | 0.02* |
| Hemoglobin | – | 0.94 |
| White blood cells | 0.68 (0.45–0.88) | 0.01* |
| Platelets | – | 0.41 |
| Glucose | – | 0.51 |
| Total cholesterol | – | 0.89 |
| LDL-cholesterol | – | 0.47 |
| HDL-cholesterol | −0.60 (−0.82 to −0.44) | 0.03* |
| Triglycerides | – | 0.76 |
| Total protein | – | 0.96 |
| Albumin | −0.52 (−0.72 to −0.29) | <0.01* |
| Uric acid | 0.78 (0.55–0.97) | 0.001* |
| Potassium | 0.40 (0.18–0.58) | <0.001* |
Multiple linear regression analysis of factors associated with increased cystatin C levels
| Parameter | Correlation coefficient | Standard error | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.40 | 0.01 | 0.30 |
| Hemoglobin | −0.30 | 0.02 | 0.46 |
| Glucose | 0.32 | 0.01 | 0.73 |
| HDL-cholesterol | −0.20 | 0.01 | 0.03* |
| Albumin | −0.24 | 0.02 | 0.04* |
| Uric acid | 0.56 | 0.02 | <0.001* |
| Potassium | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.0001* |
| Diuretic therapy | 0.42 | 0.03 | 0.02* |
Main characteristics of the study participants (n = 71)
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.8 ± 9.3 |
| Male sex (n, %) | 47 (66.1%) |
| Body mass index, mean (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 3.9 |
| Medical history | |
| Arterial hypertension (n, %) | 65 (91.5%) |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 30 (42.2%) |
| Heart failure (NYHA class) | 2 (2-2) |
| Ongoing therapy | |
| ACEI (n, %) | 49 (69.0%) |
| ARB (n, %) | 15 (21.1%) |
| Diuretic (n, %) | 30 (42.2%) |
| Statin (n, %) | 70 (98.5%) |
| Laboratory parameters | |
| White blood cells (/mm3) | 7,648 ± 1,876 |
| Platelets (/mm3) | 231,812 ± 66,047 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.4 ± 1.5 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 141.1 ± 62.7 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 163.6 ± 47.8 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 90.9 ± 41.6 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 40.6 ± 24.3 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 163.4 ± 104.5 |
| Total protein (g/dl) | 66.0 ± 4.8 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4.3 ± 0.3 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 6.2 ± 1.7 |
| Potassium (mEq/l) | 3.9 ± 0.4 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.04 ± 0.32 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 76.0 ± 23.0 |
| Cystatin C (mg/l) | 1.10 ± 0.37 |
| NGAL (ng/ml) | 75.8 ± 26.6 |
Multiple linear regression analysis of factors associated with increased NGAL levels
| Parameter | Correlation coefficient | Standard error | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.29 | 5.52 | 0.06 |
| Hemoglobin | 0.49 | 0.01 | <0.01* |
| Glucose | −0.46 | 0.04 | 0.03* |
| HDL-cholesterol | −0.34 | 0.05 | 0.02* |
| Albumin | 0.39 | 0.07 | <0.01* |
| Uric acid | 0.43 | 6.22 | 0.10 |
| Potassium | 0.28 | 5.80 | 0.31 |
| Diuretic therapy | 0.42 | 0.03 | 0.02* |