References
- 1. Schoos MM, Sejersten M, Baber U, et al. Outcomes of patients calling emergency medical services for suspected acute cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115:13-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.09.042.10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.09.042
- 2. Chris P Gale. Acute coronary syndrome in adults: scope of the problem in the UK. British Journal of Cardiology. 2017;24:S3-S9. DOI: 10.5837/bjc.2017.s01.10.5837/bjc.2017.s01
- 3. Komiyama K, Nakamura M, Tanabe K, et al. In-hospital mortality analysis of Japanese patients with acute coronary syndrome using the Tokyo CCU Network database: Applicability of the GRACE risk score. J Cardiol. 2018;71:251-258. DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.09.006.10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.09.006
- 4. Martinez-Sanchez C, Borrayo G, Carrillo J, Juarez U, Quintanilla J, Jerjes-Sanchez C; RENASICA III Investigators. Clinical management and hospital outcomes of acute coronary syndrome patients in Mexico: The Third National Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (RENASICA III). Arch Cardiol Mex. 2016;86:221-232. DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2016.04.007.10.1016/j.acmx.2016.04.007
- 5. Kodaira M, Sawano M, Kuno T, et al. Outcomes of acute coronary syndrome patients with concurrent extra-cardiac vascular disease in the era of transradial coronary intervention: A retrospective multicenter cohort study. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0223215. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223215.10.1371/journal.pone.0223215
- 6. Nikolsky E, Pucelikova T, Mehran R, et al. An evaluation of fluoroscopy time and correlation with outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Invasive Cardiol. 2007;19:208-213.
- 7. Genereux P, Stone G, Deliargyris E, et al. Duration of PCI procedure and risk of thrombotic and bleeding complications: insights from the CHAMPION PHOENIX trial [abstract]. In: EuroPCR 2016, Book of Abstracts; 2016 May 17-20; Paris, France: Europa Organisation; 2016. Euro16A-OP0756.
- 8. Asada S, Sakakura K, Taniguchi Y, et al. Association of the long fluoroscopy time with factors in contemporary primary percutaneous coronary interventions. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0237362. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237362.10.1371/journal.pone.0237362
- 9. Ramsdale DR, Aziz S, Newall N, Palmer N, Jackson M. Bacteremia following complex percutaneous coronary intervention. J Invasive Cardiol. 2004;16:632-634.
- 10. Samore MH, Wessolossky MA, Lewis SM, Shubrooks SJ Jr, Karchmer AW. Frequency, risk factors, and outcome for bacteremia after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:873-877. DOI: 10.1016/ s0002-9149(97)00006-4.10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00006-4
- 11. Gori T, Münzel T. Biological effects of low-dose radiation: of harm and hormesis. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:292-295. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr288.10.1093/eurheartj/ehr28821862465
- 12. Wei KC, Lin HY, Hung SK, et al. Leukemia Risk After Cardiac Fluoroscopic Interventions Stratified by Procedure Number, Exposure Latent Time, and Sex: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e2953. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002953.10.1097/MD.0000000000002953499887626962795
- 13. Sacha J, Gierlotka M, Feusette P, Dudek D. Ultra-low contrast coronary angiography and zero-contrast percutaneous coronary intervention for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: step-by-step approach and review. Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej. 2019;15:127-136. DOI: 10.5114/ aic.2019.86007.10.5114/aic.2019.86007672723031497044
- 14. Azzalini L, Laricchia A, Regazzoli D, et al. Ultra-Low Contrast Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Minimize the Risk for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Severe Chronic Kidney Disease. J Invasive Cardiol. 2019;31:176-182.
- 15. Rozenbaum Z, Benchetrit S, Rozenbaum E, Neumark E, Mosseri M, Pereg D. Ultra-Low Contrast Volume for Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Coronary Procedures. Nephron. 2018;138:296-302. DOI: 10.1159/000485648.10.1159/00048564829393219
- 16. Harding SA, Mowjood T, Fairley S. Ultra-Low Contrast Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Guided by Optical Coherence Tomography Complicated by Coronary Perforation. JACC Case Rep. 2020;2:2429-2431. DOI: 10.1016/j. jaccas.2020.09.029.10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.09.029
- 17. Arokiaraj MC. Emergency coronary angioplasty with stenting using Cordis® diagnostic coronary catheters when there is difficulty in engaging guide catheters and bench evaluation of diagnostic and guide catheters. Rev Port Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2018;37:117-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2017.04.007.10.1016/j.repc.2017.04.00729426798
- 18. Kobayashi T, Hirshfeld JW Jr. Radiation Exposure in Cardiac Catheterization: Operator Behavior Matters. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10:e005689. DOI: 10.1161/ CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005689.10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.00568928801543
- 19. Kaul P, Medvedev S, Hohmann SF, Douglas PS, Peterson ED, Patel MR. Ionizing radiation exposure to patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction in the United States. Circulation. 2010;122:2160-2169. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.973339.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.97333921060076
- 20. Kuon E. Radiation exposure in invasive cardiology. Heart. 2008;94:667-674. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2007.125021.10.1136/hrt.2007.12502118411362
- 21. Picano E, Vano E. The Radiation Issue in Cardiology: the time for action is now. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2011;9:35. DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-9-35.10.1186/1476-7120-9-35325610122104562
- 22. Hong CS, Chen ZC, Tang KT, Chang WT. The Effectiveness and Safety between Monoplane and Biplane Imaging During Coronary Angiographies. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2020;36:105-110. DOI: 10.6515/ACS.202003_36(2).20190820A.
- 23. Leistner DM, Schlender LS, Steiner J, et al. A randomised comparison of monoplane versus biplane fluoroscopy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the RAMBO trial. EuroIntervention. 2020;16:672-679. DOI: 10.4244/EIJ-D-20-00217.10.4244/EIJ-D-20-0021732392169
- 24. Williams MC, Stewart C, Weir NW, Newby DE. Using radiation safely in cardiology: what imagers need to know. Heart. 2019;105:798-806. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312493.10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312493658073230777934
- 25. Farman MT, Khan NU, Sial JA, Saghir T, Rizvi SN, Zaman KS. Comparison of fluoroscopy time during coronary angiography and interventions by radial and femoral routes – can we decrease the fluoroscopy time with increased experience? An observational study. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2011;11:607-612. DOI: 10.5152/akd.2011.163.10.5152/akd.2011.16321959874
- 26. Barbosa RR, Bortot CF, Serpa RG, et al. Comparison of Fluoroscopy Time During Coronary Angiography by Radial and Femoral Routes. Rev Bras Cardiol Invasiva. 2014;22:343-348. DOI: 10.1590/0104-1843000000057.10.1590/0104-1843000000057
- 27. Puymirat E, Cayla G, Simon T, et al. Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography for Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:297-308. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104650.10.1056/NEJMoa210465033999545
- 28. Megaly M, Pershad A, Glogoza M, et al. Use of Intravascular Imaging in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 202;30:59-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.09.032.10.1016/j.carrev.2020.09.03233032963
- 29. Crowhurst JA, Whitby M, Savage M, et al. Factors contributing to radiation dose for patients and operators during diagnostic cardiac angiography. J Med Radiat Sci. 2019;66:20-29. DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.315.10.1002/jmrs.315639918930488575
- 30. Mann H, Ward JH, Samlowski WE. Vascular leak syndrome associated with interleukin-2: chest radiographic manifestations. Radiology. 1990;176:191-194. DOI: 10.1148/ radiology.176.1.2353090.10.1148/radiology.176.1.23530902353090
- 31. Gaynor ER, Vitek L, Sticklin L, et al. The hemodynamic effects of treatment with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:953-958. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-109-12-953.10.7326/0003-4819-109-12-9533264128
- 32. Ndrepepa G, Kastrati A. Activated clotting time during percutaneous coronary intervention: a test for all seasons or a mind tranquilizer? Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:e002576. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.002576.10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.00257625873733
- 33. Le May M, Wells G, So D, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Femoral Access vs Radial Access in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: The SAFARI-STEMI Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5:126-134. DOI: 10.1001/ jamacardio.2019.4852.10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4852699093131895439
- 34. Vranckx P, Frigoli E, Rothenbühler M, et al. Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndromes with or without ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:1069-1080. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx048.10.1093/eurheartj/ehx04828329389
- 35. Sandoval Y, Bell M, Gulati R. Transradial Artery Access Complications. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12:e007386. DOI:10.1161/Circinterventions.119.007386.10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.119.00738631672030
- 36. Arokiaraj MC. Angioplasty with Stenting in Acute Coronary Syndromes with Very Low Contrast Volume Using 6F Diagnostic Catheters and Bench Testing of Catheters. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7:1004-1012. DOI: 10.3889/ oamjms.2019.238.10.3889/oamjms.2019.238645417030976350
- 37. Konttila K, Koivula K, Eskola M, et al. Poor long-term outcome in acute coronary syndrome in a real-life setting: Ten-year outcome of the TACOS study. Cardiology Journal. 2021;28:302-311. DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2019.0037.10.5603/CJ.a2019.0037807895630994181
- 38. Khatri P, Kasner SE. Ischemic Strokes After Cardiac Catheterization: Opportune Thrombolysis Candidates? Arch Neurol. 2006;63:817-821. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.63.6.817.10.1001/archneur.63.6.81716769862
- 39. Cuinet J, Garbagnati A, Rusca M, et al. Cardiogenic shock elicits acute inflammation, delayed eosinophilia, and depletion of immune cells in most severe cases. Sci Rep. 2020;10:7639. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64702-0.10.1038/s41598-020-64702-0720315732377009
- 40. Shpektor A. Cardiogenic shock: The role of inflammation. Acute Cardiac Care. 2010;12:115-118. DOI: 10.3109/17482941.2010.523705.10.3109/17482941.2010.52370521039083
- 41. Chandrasekhar J, Baber U, Sartori S, et al. Effect of Increasing Stent Length on 3-Year Clinical Outcomes in Women Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;11:53-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.11.020.10.1016/j.jcin.2017.11.02029301648
- 42. Claessen BE, Smits PC, Kereiakes DJ, et al. Impact of lesion length and vessel size on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention with everolimus- versus paclitaxeleluting stents pooled analysis from the SPIRIT (Clinical Evaluation of the XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System) and COMPARE (Second-generation everolimuseluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents in real-life practice) Randomized Trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:1209-1215. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2011.07.016.10.1016/j.jcin.2011.07.01622115661
- 43. Tamez H, Pinto D, Kirtane A, et al. Effect of Short Procedural Duration With Bivalirudin on Increased Risk of Acute Stent Thrombosis in Patients With STEMI. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:673-677. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5669.10.1001/jamacardio.2016.5669581502428249084
- 44. Moukarbel GV, Dakik HA. Diffuse coronary artery spasm induced by guidewire insertion. The Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 2003;15:353-354.
- 45. Yunus I, Fasih A, Wang Y. The use of procalcitonin in the determination of severity of sepsis, patient outcomes and infection characteristics. PLOS ONE. 2018;13:e0206527. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206527.10.1371/journal.pone.0206527623529330427887
- 46. Bataille V, Ferrières J, Danchin N, et al. Increased mortality risk in diabetic patients discharged from hospital with insulin therapy after an acute myocardial infarction: Data from the FAST-MI 2005 registry. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2019;8:218-230. doi: 10.1177/2048872617719639.10.1177/204887261771963928691497
- 47. Jiang YJ, Han WX, Gao C, et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients in China: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e6647. Doi:10.1097/ MD.000000000000664710.1097/MD.0000000000006647541323028445265
- 48. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2017;39:119-177. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393.10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393
- 49. Bangalore S, Makani H, Radford M, et al. Clinical Outcomes with β-Blockers for Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Am J Med. 2014;127:939-953. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.032.10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.032
- 50. Harari R, Bangalore S. Beta-blockers after acute myocardial infarction: an old drug in urgent need of new evidence. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:3530-3532. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa436.10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa436
- 51. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators, Yusuf S, Sleight P, et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145-153. doi: 10.1056/ NEJM200001203420301.10.1056/NEJM200001203420301
- 52. Young J, Dunlap M, Pfeffer M, et al. Mortality and Morbidity Reduction with Candesartan in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. Circulation. 2004;110:2618-2626. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000146819.43235. A9.10.1161/01.CIR.0000146819.43235.A9
- 53. Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, et al. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1893-1906. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa032292.10.1056/NEJMoa032292
- 54. Evans M, Carrero J, Szummer K, et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Myocardial Infarction Patients with Renal Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:1687-1697. doi: 10.1016/j. jacc.2016.01.050.10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.050
- 55. Sim HW, Zheng H, Richards AM, et al. Beta-blockers and reninangiotensin system inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction managed with in-hospital coronary revascularization. Sci Rep. 2020;10:15184. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72232-y.10.1038/s41598-020-72232-y
- 56. Olszanecka A, Reczek Ł, Schönborn M, et al. Stosowanie leków przeciwbólowych u pacjentów z chorobą niedokrwienną serca. Folia Cardiologica. 2018;13:283-288.10.5603/FC.2018.0065
- 57. Bentivoglio L, Leo L, Wolf N, Meister S. Frequency and importance of unprovoked coronary spasm in patients with angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol. 1983;51:1067-1071. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(83)90346-6.10.1016/0002-9149(83)90346-6
- 58. Wong A, Cheng A, Chan C, Lim YL. Cardiogenic shock caused by severe coronary artery spasm immediately after coronary stenting. Tex Heart Inst J. 2005;32:78–80.
- 59. Quintavalle C, Brenca M, De Micco F, et al. In vivo and in vitro assessment of pathways involved in contrast media-induced renal cells apoptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2011;2:e155. doi: 10.1038/ cddis.2011.38.10.1038/cddis.2011.38312211721562587
- 60. Husi H, Human C. Molecular determinants of acute kidney injury. J Inj Violence Res. 2015;7:75-86. doi:10.5249/jivr. v7i2.61510.5249/jivr
- 61. Stocker TJ, Abdel-Wahab M, Möllmann H, Deseive S, Massberg S, Hausleiter J. Trends and predictors of radiation exposure in percutaneous coronary intervention: the PROTECTION VIII study. EuroIntervention. 2022:EIJ-D-21-00856. doi: 10.4244/ EIJ-D-21-00856.