Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in a woman infected with Ascaris lumbricoides

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [ARDS] is a critical condition characterized by severe respiratory failure due to widespread lung inflammation, which can arise from various causes including trauma, infections, and systemic diseases. Among the rare causes is infection with Ascaris lumbricoides, a helminth typically affecting the gastrointestinal tract but capable of causing severe respiratory complications. We present the case of a 41-year-old woman with acute respiratory distress and negative viral and bacterial tests, who was ultimately diagnosed with Ascaris lumbricoides-induced ARDS. Her management included mechanical ventilation, antimicrobial therapy, corticosteroids, and eventually anthelmintic treatment after discovering the parasite. Despite initial deterioration and severe hypoxemia, the patient improved significantly following anthelmintic therapy, allowing extubation on day 8 and ICU discharge on day 12. Helminth-induced ARDS, though rare, should be considered in critically ill patients, especially in endemic regions. Early identification and appropriate therapy can dramatically improve outcomes.