References
- Hoh BL, Ko NU, Amin-Hanjani S, et al. 2023 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2023;54:E314–70. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000436.
- Etminan N, Chang HS, Hackenberg K, et al. Worldwide Incidence of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage According to Region, Time Period, Blood Pressure, and Smoking Prevalence in the Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2019;76:588–97. doi: 10.1001/JAMANEUROL.2019.0006.
- Rass V, Helbok R. Early Brain Injury After Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2019;19:1–9. doi: 10.1007/S11910-019-0990-3/FIGURES/1.
- De Marchis GM, Pugin D, Meyers E, et al. Seizure burden in subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with functional and cognitive outcome. Neurology 2016;86:253. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002281.
- Mehra A, Gomez F, Bischof H, Diedrich D, Laudanski K. Cortical Spreading Depolarization and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia; Rethinking Secondary Neurological Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023;24:9883. doi: 10.3390/IJMS24129883.
- Connolly ES, Rabinstein AA, Carhuapoma JR, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2012;43:1711–37. doi: 10.1161/STR.0B013E3182587839.
- Naidech AM, Kreiter KT, Janjua N, et al. Phenytoin Exposure Is Associated With Functional and Cognitive Disability After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2005;36:583–7. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000141936.36596.1E.
- Connolly ES, Rabinstein AA, Carhuapoma JR, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2012;43:1711–37. doi: 10.1161/STR.0B013E3182587839.
- Marigold R, Günther A, Tiwari D, Kwan J. Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013;2013. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008710.PUB2/MEDIA/CDSR/CD008710/IMAGE_T/TCD008710-AFIG-FIG01.PNG.
- Fiani B, Andraos C, Mabry I, Siddiqi J. A Comparison of Seizure Prophylaxis: Phenytoin Versus Levetiracetam. Cureus 2021;13(5):e14956. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14956.
- Szaflarski JP, Sangha KS, Lindsell CJ, Shutter LA. Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. Neurocrit Care 2010;12:165–72. doi: 10.1007/S12028-009-9304-Y/TABLES/4.
- Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2022;53:E282–361. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000407.
- Johnson AEW, Pollard TJ, Shen L, et al. MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database. Scientific Data 2016;3:1–9. doi: 10.1038/sdata.2016.35.
- Elm E von, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ 2007;335(7624):806–8 doi: 10.1136/BMJ.39335.541782.AD.
- Van Walraven C, Austin PC, Jennings A, Quan H, Forster AJ. A modification of the Elixhauser comorbidity measures into a point system for hospital death using administrative data. Med Care 2009;47:626–33. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0B013E31819432E5.
- Hunt WE, Hess RM. Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 1968;28:14–20. doi: 10.3171/JNS.1968.28.1.0014.
- Frontera JA, Claassen J, Schmidt JM, et al. Prediction of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the modified fisher scale. Neurosurgery 2006;59:21–7. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000243277.86222.6C.
- R: The R Project for Statistical Computing n.d.
https://www.r-project.org/ (accessed March 17, 2024). - Marigold R, Günther A, Tiwari D, Kwan J. Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013;2013. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008710.PUB2/MEDIA/CDSR/CD008710/IMAGE_T/TCD008710-AFIG-FIG01.PNG.
- Chumnanvej S, Dunn IF, Kim DH. Three-day phenytoin prophylaxis is adequate after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2007;60:99–102. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000249207.66225.D9.
- Naidech AM, Kreiter KT, Janjua N, et al. Phenytoin Exposure Is Associated With Functional and Cognitive Disability After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2005;36:583–7. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000141936.36596.1E.
- Szaflarski JP, Sangha KS, Lindsell CJ, Shutter LA. Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. Neurocrit Care 2010;12:165–72. doi: 10.1007/S12028-009-9304-Y/METRICS.
- Glaser AC, Kanter JH, Martinez-Camblor P, et al. The Effect of Antiseizure Medication Administration on Mortality and Early Posttraumatic Seizures in Critically Ill Older Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2022;37(2):538–546. doi: 10.1007/S12028-022-01531-1.
- Kondziella D, Friberg CK, Wellwood I, Reiffurth C, Fabricius M, Dreier JP. Continuous EEG monitoring in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. Neurocrit Care 2015;22:450–61. doi: 10.1007/S12028-014-0068-7.