Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4
Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, sedation depth, and QT interval before and after haloperidol and dexmedetomidine treatment_
| Patient characteristics | Dexmedetomidine (n=45) | Haloperidol (n=45) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-infusion | Post-infusion | P value | Pre-infusion | Post-infusion | P value | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 117.6±3.4 | 113.2±27.2 | 0.345 | 137.5±24.4 | 117.4±26.0 | <0.001* |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 98.5±25.7 | 100.4±23.1 | 0.664 | 97.5±19.7 | 88.5±27.8 | 0.014* |
| Pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2) (%) | 96.2±2.2 | 96.9±2.3 | 0.004* | 97.2±2.3 | 97.0±2.2 | 0.585 |
| Ramsay Sedation scale | 1.3±0.8 | 1.4±0.6 | 0.204 | 1.5±1.0 | 1.8±1.0 | 0.015* |
| RASS | 2.5±1.5 | 1.2±1.2 | <0.001* | 2.0±2.2 | 0.40±1.5 | <0.001* |
Patient characteristics according to treatment groups_
| Patient characteristics | Dexmedetomidine (n=45) | Haloperidol (n=45) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (mean±SD) | 77.2±9.0 | 73.2±15.8 | 0.14 |
| Sex (male%) | 48.9 | 51.1 | 0.84 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean±SD) | 28.0±6.6 | 28.0±6.9 | 0.95 |
| APACHE II (mean±SD) | 32.8±5.3 | 32.0±7.0 | 0.58 |
| GCS (mean±SD) | 9.1±2.2 | 9.4±1.3 | 0.48 |
| Hospitalization period (day) (median±SD) | 16±13 | 21±34 | 0.016* |
| Time to delirium (hour) (median±SD) | 48±197 | 120±146 | 0.27 |
| Ventilator duration (day) (median±SD) | 14±13.4 | 21±34.7 | 0.013* |
| Drug infusion time (hour) (median±SD) | 108±95.2 | 126±75.5 | 0.94 |
| Total amount of drug (mg) (median±SD) | 3.8±1.6 | 150±107.4 | <0.001* |
| In-hospital mortality (%) | 48.9 | 57.8 | 0.4 |
| Pre-infusion SBP (mmHg) (mean±SD) | 117.5±23.4 | 137.5±24.4 | <0.001* |
| Pre-infusion HR (bpm) (mean±SD) | 98.5±25.6 | 97.5±19.7 | 0.83 |
| Pre-infusion SpO2 (mean±SD) | 96.2±2.2 | 97.2±2.3 | 0.04* |
| Pre-infusion Ramsay SS (median±SD) | 1.3±0.8 | 1.5±1.0 | 0.26 |
| Pre-infusion RASS score (median±SD) | 2.45±1.45 | 1.96±2.2 | 0.18 |
| Pre-infusion QT interval (ms) (mean±SD) | 360.5±81.7 | 363.2±51.1 | 0.85 |
| Pre-infusion QTc interval (ms) (mean±SD) | 409.4±63.1 | 427.3±45.8 | 0.99 |