Fig. 1
Flowchart of processed samples
Fig. 2
Candida spp. in the total number of lower respiratory tract samples compared to the non-contaminated samples
Table 1
Comparison of different Candida spp. in LRTS
| C. albicans | C. non-albicans | C. albicans and C. non-albicans | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of samples | 445 | 357 | 70 |
| Mean | 61.51 | 65.76 | 64.42 |
| Standard Deviation | 16.293 | 13.744 | 15.63 |
| Median | 64 | 69 | 69 |
| Min | 6 | 21 | 12 |
| Max | 94 | 99 | 88 |
| Normal distribution | no | no | yes |
Table 2
Candida spp. - positive tracheal aspirate and sputum samples; n represents the number of analysed data after exclusion of incomplete data; CI (confidence interval); p (p-value), n represents the number of analysed data
| n | Tracheal aspirate | Sputum samples | p | OR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | > 60 years old <= 60 years old | 544 | 322 (32.07%) 138 (13.75%) | 317 (31.57%) 227 (22.61%) | 0.0001 | 1.671 (CI 1.285-2.172) |
| Gender | Female Male | 893 | 182 (16.01%) 342 (30.08%) | 195 (17.15%) 418 (36.76%) | 0.3122 | 1.141 (CI 0.8906-1.461) |
| Candida spp. | C. albicans C. non-albicans | 470 | 224 (24.27%) 229 (24.81%) | 281 (30.44%) 189 (20.48%) | 0.0019 | 0.6579 (CI 0.5069-0.8538) |
| The number of Candida spp. | One species Two and more species | 589 | 453 (39.56%) 78 (6.81%) | 470 (41.05%) 144 (12.58%) | 0.0002 | 1.779 (CI 1.312-2.412) |
Table 3
Contaminated and non-contaminated sputum samples that showed Candida growth; n represents the number of analysed data after exclusion of incomplete data; OR (odds ratio); CI (confidence interval); p (p-value)
| Frequency and Percentage | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Contaminated sputum samples | Non-contaminated sputum samples | p | OR | ||
| Age | n=544 | > 40 years old | 197 (36.21%) | 286 (52.57%) | 0.0189 | 1.954 |
| <= 40 years old | 35 (6.43%) | 26 (4.78%) | (CI 1.140-3.35) | |||
| > 60 years old | 126 (23.16%) | 191 (35.11%) | 0.753 | |||
| <= 60 years old | 106 (19.49%) | 121 (22.24%) | 0.114 | (CI 0.5336-1.063) | ||
| > 80 years old | 12 (2.21%) | 26 (4.78%) | 1.667 (CI 0.822 - | |||
| <= 80 years old | 220 (40.44%) | 286 (52.57%) | 0.175 | 3.378) | ||
| Gender | n=612 | Female | 86 (14.05%) | 109 (17.81%) | 1.124 | |
| Male | 172 (28.10%) | 245 (40.03%) | 0.5389 | (CI 0.7971-1.584) | ||
| Candida spp. | n=470 | C. albicans | 122 (25.96%) | 159 (33.83%) | 0.0004 | 0.5048 |
| C. non-albicans | 114 (24.26%) | 75 (15.96%) | (CI 0.3469-0.7345) | |||
| The number of | n=589 | One species | 197 (33.45%) | 273 (46.35%) | 1.1599 | |
| Candida spp. | Two species and more | 37 (6.28%) | 82 (13.92%) | 0.0358 | (CI 1.041-2.457) | |