Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Critical Care Aspects of Gallstone Disease Cover

References

  1. Portincasa P, Moschetta A, Palasciano G. Cholesterol gallstone disease. Lancet. 2006;368:230-9.
  2. Shabanzadeh DM. Incidence of gallstone disease and complications. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2018;34:81-9.
  3. Farthing M, Roberts SE, Samuel DG, et al. Survey of digestive health across Europe: Final report. Part 1: The burden of gastrointestinal diseases and the organisation and delivery of gastroenterology services across Europe. United European Gastroenterol J. 2014;2:539-43.
  4. Attili AF, Carulli N, Roda E, et al. Epidemiology of gallstone disease in Italy: prevalence data of the Multicenter Italian Study on Cholelithiasis (M.I.COL.). Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141:158-65.
  5. Diehl AK. Epidemiology and natural history of gallstone disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1991;20:1-19.
  6. Sherlock S, Dooley J. Diseases of the liver and biliary system Oxford: Blackwell Science: 2002 pp. 597-628.
  7. Trotman BW, Ostrow JD, Soloway RD. Pigment vs cholesterol cholelithiasis: comparison of stone and bile composition. Am J Dig Dis. 1974;19:585-90.
  8. Di Ciaula A, Garruti G, Wang DQ-H, Portincasa P. Role of insulin resistance in the formation of cholesterol gallstones. In: Wang DQ-H and Portincasa P, editors. Gallstones - Recent advances in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. New York: Nova Science Publishers; 2017pp. 357-72.
  9. Shabanzadeh DM, Skaaby T, Sorensen LT, Eugen-Olsen J, Jorgensen T. Metabolic biomarkers and gallstone disease - a population-based study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2017;52:1270-7.
  10. Barbara L, Sama C, Morselli Labate AM, et al. A population study on the prevalence of gallstone disease: the Sirmione Study. Hepatology. 1987;7:913-7.
  11. Attili AF, De Santis A, Capri R, Repice AM, Maselli S. The natural history of gallstones: the GREPCO experience. The GREPCO Group. Hepatology. 1995;21:655-60.
  12. Glambek I, Kvaale G, Arnesjo B, Soreide O. Prevalence of gallstones in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1987;22:1089-94.
  13. Schmidt M, Hausken T, Glambek I, Schleer C, Eide GE, Sondenaa K. A 24-year controlled follow-up of patients with silent gallstones showed no long-term risk of symptoms or adverse events leading to cholecystectomy. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011;46:949-54.
  14. Gibney EJ. Asymptomatic gallstones. Br J Surg. 1990;77:368-72.
  15. Gracie WA, Ransohoff DF. The natural history of silent gallstones: the innocent gallstone is not a myth. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:798-800.
  16. Friedman GD. Natural history of asymptomatic and symptomatic gallstones. Am J Surg. 1993;165:399-404.
  17. Thistle JL, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Tyor MP, Hersh T. The natural history of cholelithiasis: the National Cooperative Gallstone Study. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:171-5.
  18. Sobolev B, Mercer D, Brown P, FitzGerald M, Jalink D, Shaw R. Risk of emergency admission while awaiting elective cholecystectomy. CMAJ. 2003;169:662-5.
  19. Portincasa P, Di Ciaula A, de Bari O, Garruti G, Palmieri VO, Wang DQ. Management of gallstones and its related complications. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;10:93-112.
  20. Lammert F, Gurusamy K, Ko CW, et al. Gallstones (For the Primer, visit doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.24). Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16025.
  21. European Association for the Study of the L. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gallstones. J Hepatol. 2016;65:146-81.
  22. Portincasa P, Wang DQH. Gallstones. In: Podolsky KD, Camilleri M, Fitz JG, Kalloo AN, Shanahan F and Wang TC, editors. Yamada’s Textbook of Gastroenterology Hoboken, New Jersey (USA): Wiley-Blackwell; 2015. pp. 1808-34.
  23. Kraag N, Thijs C, Knipschild P. Dyspepsia: how noisy are gallstones? A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of biliary pain, dyspeptic symptoms, and food intolerance. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1995;30:411-21.
  24. Gui GP, Cheruvu CV, West N, Sivaniah K, Fiennes AG. Is cholecystectomy effective treatment for symptomatic gallstones? Clinical outcome after long-term follow-up. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1998;80:25-32.
  25. Fenster LF, Lonborg R, Thirlby RC, Traverso LW. What symptoms does cholecystectomy cure? Insights from an outcomes measurement project and review of the literature. Am J Surg. 1995;169:533-8.
  26. Weinert CR, Arnett D, Jacobs D, Jr., Kane RL. Relationship between persistence of abdominal symptoms and successful outcome after cholecystectomy. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:989-95.
  27. Diehl AK, Sugarek NJ, Todd KH. Clinical evaluation for gallstone disease: usefulness of symptoms and signs in diagnosis. Am J Med. 1990;89:29-33.
  28. Festi D, Sottili S, Colecchia A, Attili A, Mazzella G, Roda E et al. Clinical manifestations of gallstone disease: evidence from the multicenter Italian study on cholelithiasis (MICOL). Hepatology. 1999;30:839-46.
  29. Rigas B, Torosis J, McDougall CJ, Vener KJ, Spiro HM. The circadian rhythm of biliary colic. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1990;12:409-14.
  30. Minoli G, Imperiale G, Spinzi GC, Terruzzi V, Rigas B. Circadian periodicity and other clinical features of biliary pain. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991;13:546-8.
  31. Lund J. Surgical indications in cholelithiasis: prophylactic choleithiasis: prophylactic cholecystectomy elucidated on the basis of long-term follow up on 526 nonoperated cases. Ann Surg. 1960;151:153-62.
  32. Berhane T, Vetrhus M, Hausken T, Olafsson S, Sondenaa K. Pain attacks in non-complicated and complicated gallstone disease have a characteristic pattern and are accompanied by dyspepsia in most patients: the results of a prospective study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:93-101.
  33. Schoenfield L, Carulli N, Dowling R, Sama C, Wolpers C. Asymptomatic gallstones: definition and treatment. Gastroenterol Int. 1989;2:25-9.
  34. Berger MY, van dV, Lijmer JG, de KH, Prins A, Bohnen AM. Abdominal symptoms: do they predict gallstones? A systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000;35:70-6.
  35. Murphy JB. The diagnosis of gall-stones. American Medical News. 1903;82:825-33.
  36. Kumar A, Deed JS, Bhasin B, Kumar A, Thomas S. Comparison of the effect of diclofenac with hyoscine-N-butylbromide in the symptomatic treatment of acute biliary colic. ANZ J Surg. 2004;74:573-6.
  37. Colli A, Conte D, Valle SD, Sciola V, Fraquelli M. Meta-analysis: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in biliary colic. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther 2012;35:1370-8.
  38. Al-Waili N, Saloom KY. The analgesic effect of intravenous tenoxicam in symptomatic treatment of biliary colic: a comparison with hyoscine N-butylbromide. Eur J Med Res. 1998;3:475-9.
  39. Akriviadis EA, Hatzigavriel M, Kapnias D, Kirimlidis J, Markantas A, Garyfallos A. Treatment of biliary colic with diclofenac: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology. 1997;113:225-31.
  40. Goldman G, Kahn PJ, Alon R, Wiznitzer T. Biliary colic treatment and acute cholecystitis prevention by prostaglandin inhibitor. Dig Dis Sci. 1989;34:809-11.
  41. Elta GH, Barnett JL. Meperidine need not be proscribed during sphincter of Oddi manometry. Gastrointest.Endosc. 1994;40:7-9.
  42. Olsen JC, McGrath NA, Schwarz DG, Cutcliffe BJ, Stern JL. A double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluating the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac versus butorphanol for patients with suspected biliary colic in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15:718-22.
  43. Reiss R, Nudelman I, Gutman C, Deutsch AA. Changing trends in surgery for acute cholecystitis. World J Surg. 1990;14:567-70; discussion 70-1.
  44. Diehl AK. Epidemiology of gallbladder cancer: a synthesis of recent data. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1980;65:1209-14.
  45. Okamoto M, Okamoto H, Kitahara F, et al. Ultrasonographic evidence of association of polyps and stones with gallbladder cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:446-50.
  46. Duta U, Garg PK, Kumar R, Tandon RK. Typhoid carriers among patients with gallstones are at increased risk for carcinoma of the gallbladder. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:784-7.
  47. Diehl AK. Gallstone size and the risk of gallbladder cancer. JAMA. 1983;250:2323-6.
  48. Shiffman ML, Sugerman HJ, Kellum JM, Brewer WH, Moore EW. Gallstone formation after rapid weight loss: a prospective study in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery for treatment of morbid obesity. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991;86:1000-5.
  49. Wattchow DA, Hall JC, Whiting MJ, Bradley B, Iannos J, Wats JM. Prevalence and treatment of gall stones after gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983;286:763.
  50. Cho JY, Han HS, Yoon YS, Ahn KS. Risk factors for acute cholecystitis and a complicated clinical course in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. Arch Surg. 2010;145:329-33; discussion 33.
  51. Barclay AW, Petocz P, McMillan-Price J, et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk--a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:627-37.
  52. Hulley S, Furberg C, Barret-Connor E, et al. Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA. 2002;288:58-66.
  53. Cirillo DJ, Wallace RB, Rodabough RJ, et al. Effect of estrogen therapy on gallbladder disease. JAMA. 2005;293:330-9.
  54. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA. 1998;280:605-13.
  55. Liu B, Beral V, Balkwill A, et al. Gallbladder disease and use of transdermal versus oral hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2008;337:a386.
  56. Portincasa P, Wang DQH. Gallstones. In: Podolsky KD, Camilleri M, Fitz JG, Kalloo AN, Shanahan F and Wang TC, editors. Yamada’s Atlas of Gastroenterology Hoboken, New Jersey (USA): Wiley-Blackwell; 2016. pp. 335-53.
  57. Carrascosa MF, Salcines-Caviedes JR. Emphysematous cholecystitis. CMAJ. 2012;184:E81.
  58. Yokoe M, Takada T, Strasberg SM, et al. New diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis in revised Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2012;19:578-85.
  59. Singer AJ, McCracken G, Henry MC, Thode HC, Jr., Cabahug CJ. Correlation among clinical, laboratory, and hepatobiliary scanning findings in patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;28:267-72.
  60. Hirota M, Takada T, Kawarada Y, et al. Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007;14:78-82.
  61. Miura F, Takada T, Strasberg SM, et al. TG13 flowchart for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2013;20:47-54.
  62. Barie PS, Eachempati SR. Acute acalculous cholecystitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2010;39:343-57.
  63. Mayumi T, Takada T, Kawarada Y, et al. Results of the Tokyo Consensus Meeting Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007;14:114-21.
  64. Yoshida M, Takada T, Kawarada Y, et al. Antimicrobial therapy for acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007;14:83-90.
  65. Miura F, Takada T, Kawarada Y, et al. Flowcharts for the diagnosis and treatment of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007;14:27-34.
  66. Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES). SAGES guidelines for the clinical application of laparoscopic biliary tract surgery. National Guideline Clearinghouse (NCG-7855). Available at: http://www.guideline. gov/content.aspx?id=16258&search=laparoscopic 2010:1-37.
  67. Overby DW, Apelgren KN, Richardson W, Fanelli R, Society of American G, Endoscopic S. SAGES guidelines for the clinical application of laparoscopic biliary tract surgery. Surg Endosc. 2010;24:2368-86.
  68. Gurusamy KS, Davidson C, Gluud C, Davidson BR. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;6:CD005440.
  69. Riall TS, Zhang D, Townsend CM, Jr., Kuo YF, Goodwin JS. Failure to perform cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in elderly patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210:668-77, 77-9.
  70. Zafar SN, Obirieze A, Adesibikan B, Cornwell EE, 3rd, Fullum TM, Tran DD. Optimal time for early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. JAMA. Surg 2015;150:129-36.
  71. Gutt CN, Encke J, Koninger J, et al. Acute cholecystitis: early versus delayed cholecystectomy, a multicenter randomized trial (ACDC study, NCT00447304). Ann Surg. 2013;258:385-93.
  72. Reisner RM, Cohen JR. Gallstone ileus: a review of 1001 reported cases. Am Surg. 1994;60:441-6.
  73. Rius M, Nies AT, Hummel-Eisenbeiss J, Jedlitschky G, Keppler D. Cotransport of reduced glutathione with bile salts by MRP4 (ABCC4) localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane. Hepatology. 2003;38:374-84.
  74. Alberti-Flor JJ, Iskandarani M, Jeffers L, Schif ER. Mirizzi syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 1985;80:822-3.
  75. Wada K, Takada T, Kawarada Y, et al. Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholangitis: Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007;14:52-8.
  76. Kiriyama S, Takada T, Strasberg SM, et al. New diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholangitis in revised Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2012;19:548-56.
  77. Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Baron EJ, Sawyer RG, Nathens AB, DiPiro JT et al. Guidelines for the selection of anti-infective agents for complicated intra-abdominal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:997-1005.
  78. Poon RT, Liu CL, Lo CM, et al. Management of gallstone cholangitis in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg. 2001;136:11-6.
  79. Sekimoto M, Takada T, Kawarada Y, et al. Need for criteria for the diagnosis and severity assessment of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007;14:11-4.
  80. Shimada H, Nakagawara G, Kobayashi M, Tsuchiya S, Kudo T, Morita S. Pathogenesis and clinical features of acute cholangitis accompanied by shock. Jpn J Surg. 1984;14:269-77.
  81. Lai EC, Tam PC, Paterson IA, et al. Emergency surgery for severe acute cholangitis. The high-risk patients. Ann Surg. 1990;211:55-9.
  82. Forsmark CE, Baillie J, Practice AGAIC, Economics C, Board AGAIG. AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:2022-44.
  83. Spanier BW, Dijkgraaf MG, Bruno MJ. Epidemiology, aetiology and outcome of acute and chronic pancreatitis: An update. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;22:45-63.
  84. Venneman NG, Renooij W, Rehfeld JF, et al. Small gallstones, preserved gallbladder motility, and fast crystallization are associated with pancreatitis. Hepatology. 2005;41:738-46.
  85. Lerch MM, Saluja AK, Runzi M, Dawra R, Saluja M, Steer ML. Pancreatic duct obstruction triggers acute necrotizing pancreatitis in the opossum. Gastroenterology. 1993;104:853-61.
  86. American Gastroenterological Association Institute on “Management of Acute Pancreatits” Clinical P, Economics C, Board AGAIG. AGA Institute medical position statement on acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:2019-21.
  87. Yadav D, Agarwal N, Pitchumoni CS. A critical evaluation of laboratory tests in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:1309-18.
  88. Wang SS, Lin XZ, Tsai YT, et al. Clinical significance of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and biochemical tests in the rapid diagnosis of gallstone-related pancreatitis: a prospective study. Pancreas. 1988;3:153-8.
  89. Neoptolemos JP, Hall AW, Finlay DF, Berry JM, Carr-Locke DL, Fossard DP. The urgent diagnosis of gallstones in acute pancreatitis: a prospective study of three methods. Br J Surg. 1984;71:230-3.
  90. Tenner S, Dubner H, Steinberg W. Predicting gallstone pancreatitis with laboratory parameters: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:1863-6.
  91. Chang L, Lo SK, Stabile BE, Lewis RJ, de Virgilio C. Gallstone pancreatitis: a prospective study on the incidence of cholangitis and clinical predictors of retained common bile duct stones. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:527-31.
  92. Committee ASoP, Gan SI, Rajan E, et al. Role of EUS. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66:425-34.
  93. Mesenas S, Ang TL, Khor C, Vu C. Guidelines for endoscopic ultrasonography. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2010;39:489-92.
  94. Hallal AH, Amortegui JD, Jeroukhimov IM, et al. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography accurately detects common bile duct stones in resolving gallstone pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;200:869-75.
  95. Kim YJ, Kim MJ, Kim KW, et al. Preoperative evaluation of common bile duct stones in patients with gallstone disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184:1854-9.
  96. Moon JH, Cho YD, Cha SW, et al. The detection of bile duct stones in suspected biliary pancreatitis: comparison of MRCP, ERCP, and intraductal US. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1051-7.
  97. Committee ASoP, Maple JT, Ben-Menachem T, et al. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation of suspected choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:1-9.
  98. Working Group IAPAPAAPG. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013;13:e1-15.
  99. Hernandez V, Pascual I, Almela P, et al. Recurrence of acute gallstone pancreatitis and relationship with cholecystectomy or endoscopic sphincterotomy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:2417-23.
  100. Yadav D, O’Connell M, Papachristou GI. Natural history following the first attack of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1096-103.
  101. Banks PA, Freeman ML, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of G. Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:2379-400.
  102. Laws HL, Kent RB, 3rd. Acute pancreatitis: management of complicating infection. Am Surg. 2000;66:145-52.
  103. Uhl W, Muller CA, Krahenbuhl L, Schmid SW, Scholzel S, Buchler MW. Acute gallstone pancreatitis: timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in mild and severe disease. Surg Endosc. 1999;13:1070-6.
  104. Ko CW, Sekijima JH, Lee SP. Biliary sludge. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:301-11.
  105. Ros E, Navarro S, Bru C, Garcia-Puges A, Valderrama R. Occult microlithiasis in ‘idiopathic’ acute pancreatitis: prevention of relapses by cholecystectomy or ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. Gastroenterology. 1991;101:1701-9.
  106. Aboulian A, Chan T, Yaghoubian A, et al. Early cholecystectomy safely decreases hospital stay in patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis: a randomized prospective study. Ann Surg. 2010;251:615-9.
  107. Moraes JM, Felga GE, Chebli LA, et al. A full solid diet as the initial meal in mild acute pancreatitis is safe and result in a shorter length of hospitalization: results from a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44:517-22.
  108. Crocket SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, Falck-Yter Y, Barkun AN, American Gastroenterological Association Institute Clinical Guidelines C. American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on Initial Management of Acute Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018;154:1096-101.
  109. Nakayama F, Soloway RD, Nakama T, et al. Hepatolithiasis in East Asia. Retrospective study. Dig Dis Sci. 1986;31:21-6.
  110. Shoda J, Inada Y, Osuga T. Molecular pathogenesis of hepatolithiasis--a type of low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis. Front Biosci. 2006;11:669-75.
  111. Jan YY, Chen MF, Wang CS, Jeng LB, Hwang TL, Chen SC. Surgical treatment of hepatolithiasis: long-term results. Surgery. 1996;120:509-14.
  112. Kalliafas S, Ziegler DW, Flancbaum L, Choban PS. Acute acalculous cholecystitis: incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and outcome. Am Surg. 1998;64:471-5.
  113. Shapiro MJ, Luchtefeld WB, Kurzweil S, Kaminski DL, Durham RM, Mazuski JE. Acute acalculous cholecystitis in the critically ill. Am Surg. 1994;60:335-9.
  114. Gofrit O, Eid A, Pikarsky A, Lebensart PD, Pizov G, Rivkind A. Cholesterol embolisation causing chronic acalculous cholecystitis. Eur J Surg. 1996;162:243-5.
  115. Schwesinger WH, Diehl AK. Changing indications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Stones without symptoms and symptoms without stones. Surg Clin North Am. 1996;76:493-504.
  116. Wibolt KS, Jeffrey RB, Jr. Acalculous cholecystitis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Eur J Surg. 1997;163:519-24.
  117. Romero Ganuza FJ, La Banda G, Montalvo R, Mazaira J. Acute acalculous cholecystitis in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1997;35:124-8.
  118. Nash JA, Cohen SA. Gallbladder and biliary tract disease in AIDS. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1997;26:323-35.
  119. McChesney JA, Northup PG, Bickston SJ. Acute acalculous cholecystitis associated with systemic sepsis and visceral arterial hypoperfusion: a case series and review of pathophysiology. Dig Dis Sci. 2003;48:1960-7.
  120. Di Ciaula A, Wang DQ, Molina-Molina E, et al. Bile Acids and Cancer: Direct and Environmental-Dependent Effects. Ann Hepatol. 2017;16:s87-s105.
  121. Di Ciaula A, Garruti G, Lunardi Bacceto R, et al. Bile Acid Physiology. Ann Hepatol. 2017;16:s4-s14.
  122. Shea JA, Berlin JA, Escarce JJ, et al. Revised estimates of diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity in suspected biliary tract disease. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:2573-81.
  123. Kiewiet JJ, Leeuwenburgh MM, Bipat S, Bossuyt PM, Stoker J, Boermeester MA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of imaging in acute cholecystitis. Radiology. 2012;264:708-20.
  124. Bingener J, Schwesinger WH, Chopra S, Richards ML, Sirinek KR. Does the correlation of acute cholecystitis on ultrasound and at surgery reflect a mirror image? Am J Surg. 2004;188:703-7.
  125. Fidler J, Paulson EK, Layfield L. CT evaluation of acute cholecystitis: findings and usefulness in diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;166:1085-8.
  126. Shakespear JS, Shaaban AM, Rezvani M. CT findings of acute cholecystitis and its complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194:1523-9.
  127. Park MS, Yu JS, Kim YH, et al. Acute cholecystitis: comparison of MR cholangiography and US. Radiology. 1998;209:781-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2019-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2393-1817 | Journal ISSN: 2393-1809
Language: English
Page range: 6 - 18
Submitted on: Dec 5, 2018
|
Accepted on: Jan 8, 2019
|
Published on: Feb 4, 2019
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2019 Piero Portincasa, Emilio Molina-Molina, Gabriella Garruti, David Q.-H. Wang, published by University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.