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The Efficacy of Esophageal Stenting in Managing Esophageal Tumor Perforation: A Retrospective Study Cover

The Efficacy of Esophageal Stenting in Managing Esophageal Tumor Perforation: A Retrospective Study

Open Access
|Apr 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of esophageal stenting patients for tumor perforation.

T-Stage and Nodal Involvement association with survival_

VariableCategoryAliveDeathp value
T StageTumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa (T1)0 (0.0%)1 (1.3%)0.967
Tumor invades muscularis propria (T2)1 (25.0%)15 (19.7%)
Tumor invades adventitia (T3)2 (50.0%)46 (60.5%)
Tumor invades adjacent structures (T4)1 (25.0%)14 (18.4%)

Total4 (100.0%)76 (100.0%)

Nodal InvolvementNo regional lymph node metastasis (N0)1 (25.0%)11 (14.5%)0.726
Metastasis in 1–2 regional lymph nodes (N1)2 (50.0%)32 (42.1%)
Metastasis in 3–6 regional lymph nodes (N2)1 (25.0%)33 (43.4%)

Total4 (100.0%)76 (100.0%)

MetastasisNo distant metastasis (M0)3 (75.0%)54 (71.1%)0.675
Distant metastasis present (M1)1 (25.0%)22 (28.9%)

Total4 (100.0%)76 (100.0%)

HistologyAdenocarcinoma0 (0.0%)4 (5.3%)0.843
Squamous Cell Carcinoma4 (100.0%)70 (92.1%)
Other types0 (0.0%)2 (2.6%)

Total4 (100.0%)76 (100.0%)

Patients Characteristics, histology, staging, treatment and outcome_

Histology n (%)Total
Squamous Cell CarcinomaSquamous Cell Carcinoma67 (83.8%)74 (92.5%)
Moderately Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma5 (6.3%)
Well-Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma2 (2.5%)
AdenocarcinomaAdenocarcinoma3 (3.8%)4 (5%)
Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma1 (1.3%)
Other TypesHigh-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma1 (1.3%)2 (2.5%)
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma and Gastroesophageal Junction (GOJ) Tumor1 (1.3%)

Staging

TTumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa (T1)1 (1.3%)
Tumor invades muscularis propria (T2)16 (20%)
Tumor invades adventitia (T3)48 (60%)
Tumor invades adjacent structures (T4)15 (18.8%)
NNo regional lymph node metastasis (N0)12 (15%)
Metastasis in 1–2 regional lymph nodes (N1)34 (42.5%)
Metastasis in 3–6 regional lymph nodes (N2)34 (42.5%)
MNo distant metastasis (M0)57 (71.3%)
Distant metastasis present (M1)23 (28.7%)

Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

No Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy 11 (13.8%)
Combined Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy 37 (46.3%)
Only Chemotherapy 32 (40%)
Median duration of stent insertion to end date of the study 83 days (min=1 day, max=7.24 yeras)

Survival status

Alive 4 (5%)
Dead 76 (95%)
Language: English
Page range: 18 - 23
Published on: Apr 3, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Zainab Shakeel, Muhammad Kashan Sajid, Amer Rehman Farooqi, Samar Minallah, Zubair Shabbir Khanzada, Farhan Ali, published by Shakuat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.