Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Similarity rates of ABPV isolates with other isolates from the world
| Country | Organism | Host | Accession number | Similarity rate (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Türkiye (Ankara) | ABPV | Apis mellifera | EU779947 | 96.76 | Muz & Muz, 2009 |
| South Africa | ABPV | Apis mellifera | AF150629 | 93.56 | Govan et al., 2000 |
| Türkiye (Tekirdağ) | ABPV | Apis mellifera | KY465554 | 96.72 | Muz & Muz 2009 |
| Slovenia | ABPV | Apis mellifera | HQ877397 | 96.46 | Jamnikar Ciglenecki & Toplak, 2013 |
| Serbia | ABPV | Apis mellifera | KM001899 | 95.56 | Cirkovic, 2018 |
| France | ABPV | Vespa velutina nigrithorax | MN565031 | 94.75 | Dalmon et al., 2019 |
| Hungary | ABPV | Apis mellifera | AF486072 | 93.72 | Bakonyi et al., 2002 |
| Syria | ABPV | Apis mellifera | MH378788 | 93.30 | Barhoum & Mouhanna, 2018 (unpublished) |
| Slovenia | ABPV | Apis mellifera | HQ877382 | 96.46 | Jamnikar Ciglenecki & Toplak, 2013 |
| USA | ABPV | Apis mellifera | AF264688 | 89.62 | Evans et al., 2001 |
| Hungary | ABPV | Apis mellifera | AY053385 | 94.30 | Bakonyi et al., 2002 |
| Türkiye | ABPV | Apis mellifera | OP805881 | ||
| Türkiye | ABPV | Apis mellifera | OP805882 | ||
| Türkiye | ABPV | Apis mellifera | OP805883 | ||
| Türkiye | ABPV | Apis mellifera | OP805884 |
Similarity rates of DWV isolates with other isolates from the world
| Country | Organism | Host | Accession number | Similarity rate (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel | DWV | Apis mellifera | JF440526 | 98.06 | Zioni et al., 2011 |
| Germany | DWV | Varroa destructor | KX146843 | 97.88 | Grau et al., 2017 |
| France | DWV | Apis mellifera | KX373900 | 97.51 | Dalmon et al., 2017 |
| United Kingdom | DWV | synthetic construct | KT215905 | 97.06 | Ryabov, 2015 (unpublished) |
| Japan | Kakugo virus | Apis mellifera | AB070959 | 96.61 | Fujiyuki et al., 2004 |
| Germany | DWV | Varroa destructor | KX146844 | 96.34 | Grau et al., 2017 |
| Turkey | DWV | Apis mellifera | KP835214 | 97.09 | Rüstemoğlu & Sipahioğlu, 2019 |
| Africa | DWV | Apis mellifera adansonii | KF378605 | 96.19 | Cornelissen et al., 2014 (unpublished) |
| Lithuania | DWV | Apis mellifera | KF840795 | 97.09 | Skrodenyte-Arbaciauskiene et al., 2014 (unpublished) |
| Sweden | DWV | Apis mellifera | MH267695 | 97.31 | Thaduri et al., 2018 |
| Türkiye | DWV | Apis mellifera | OP805878 | ||
| Türkiye | DWV | Apis mellifera | OP805880 | ||
| Türkiye | DWV | Apis mellifera | OP805888 | ||
| Türkiye | DWV | Apis mellifera | OP805887 | ||
| Türkiye | DWV | Apis mellifera | OP805890 | ||
| Türkiye | DWV | Apis mellifera | OP805879 | ||
| Türkiye | DWV | Apis mellifera | OP805889 | ||
| Türkiye | DWV | Varroa sp. | OP805891 |
Similarity rates of BQCV isolates with other isolates from the world
| Country | Organism | Host | Accession number | Similarity rate (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | BQCV | Apis mellifera | MG799370 | 87.86 | Sun et al., 2013 (unpublished) |
| South Korea | BQCV | Apis mellifera | JX149531 | 87.40 | Reddy et al., 2013 |
| Czech Republic | BQCV | Apis mellifera | KY243932 | 87.91 | Spurny et al., 2017 |
| France | BQCV | Vespa velutina nigrithorax | MN565034 | 87.98 | Dalmon et al., 2019 |
| Hungary | BQCV | Apis mellifera | EF517515 | 89.02 | Tapaszti et al., 2009 |
| Turkey (Hakkari) | BQCV | Apis mellifera | KP835213 | 96.78 | Rüstemoğlu & Sipahioğlu, 2019 |
| Poland | BQCV | Apis mellifera | EF517520 | 90.02 | Tapaszti et al., 2009 |
| South Africa | BQCV | Apis mellifera | AF183905 | 89.34 | Leat et al., 2000 |
| Australia | BQCV | Apis mellifera | KY465685 | 90.21 | Roberts et al., 2017 |
| Sweden | BQCV | Apis mellifera | MH267694 | 89.81 | Thaduri et al., 2018 |
| Türkiye | BQCV | Apis mellifera | OP805881 | ||
| Türkiye | BQCV | Apis mellifera | OP805882 | ||
| Türkiye | BQCV | Apis mellifera | OP805883 | ||
| Türkiye | BQCV | Apis mellifera | OP805884 |
DWV, ABPV and BQCV infections in honey bee and Varroa mite samples in the Malatya and Elazığ provinces
| Honey bee samples | ||||||||
| Province | DWV | ABPV | BQCV | |||||
| TS | IS | IR (%) | IS | IR (%) | IS | IR (%) | ||
| Malatya | Battalgazi | 35 | 10 | 28.57 | 10 | 28.57 | 9 | 25.71 |
| Yeşilyurt | 15 | 11 | 73.33 | 1 | 6.67 | 3 | 20.00 | |
| Doğanşehir | 34 | 6 | 17.65 | 4 | 11.76 | 2 | 5.88 | |
| Total | 84 | 27 | 32.14 | 15 | 17.86 | 14 | 16.67 | |
| Elazığ | Arıcak | 8 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 12.50 |
| Kovancılar | 4 | - | - | 1 | 25.00 | - | - | |
| Palu | 29 | 8 | 27.59 | 3 | 10.34 | - | - | |
| Sivrice | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Keban | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 63 | 8 | 12.70 | 4 | 6.35 | 1 | 1.59 | |
| General Total | 147 | 35 | 23.81 | 19 | 12.93 | 15 | 10.20 | |
| Varroa mite samples | ||||||||
| Province | DWV | ABPV | BQCV | |||||
| TS | IS | IR(%) | IS | IR | IS | IR | ||
| Malatya | 15 | 2 | 13.33 | - | - | - | - | |
| Elazığ | 15 | 3 | 20.00 | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 30 | 5 | 16.66 | - | - | - | - | |