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Relationships between Flower Opening Time, Environmental Conditions, Corolla Opening Size and Nectar Production in Five Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars in China Cover

Relationships between Flower Opening Time, Environmental Conditions, Corolla Opening Size and Nectar Production in Five Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars in China

Journal of Apicultural Science
Volume 67 (2023): Issue 1 (June 2023)
By: Ran Liu,  Zhijun Wei,  Cheng Liang,  Yongquan Huang,  Guiling Ding,  Yusuo Jiang and  Jiaxing Huang  
Open Access
|Jun 2023

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Corolla opening size, nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration throughout the lifetime of a flower in the five oilseed rape cultivars. A, C & E: flower buds that were bagged at 18:00 and that opened before 9:00 the next morning, B, D & F: flower buds that were bagged at 9:00 and that opened at 11:00.Data are presented as the means±standard errors.
Corolla opening size, nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration throughout the lifetime of a flower in the five oilseed rape cultivars. A, C & E: flower buds that were bagged at 18:00 and that opened before 9:00 the next morning, B, D & F: flower buds that were bagged at 9:00 and that opened at 11:00.Data are presented as the means±standard errors.

Fig. 2.

Daily nectar volume and daily nectar sugar concentration in the five oilseed rape cultivars on different flowering days. A & C: flower buds that were bagged at 18:00 and opened before 9:00 the next morning, B & D: flower buds that were bagged at 9:00 and opened at 11:00. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among cultivars on the same flowering day (Kruskal-Wallis test or one-way ANOVA, p<0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant differences among different flowering days for the same cultivar (Mann-Whitney U test, independent samples t test or Kruskal-Wallis test; p<0.05).
Daily nectar volume and daily nectar sugar concentration in the five oilseed rape cultivars on different flowering days. A & C: flower buds that were bagged at 18:00 and opened before 9:00 the next morning, B & D: flower buds that were bagged at 9:00 and opened at 11:00. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among cultivars on the same flowering day (Kruskal-Wallis test or one-way ANOVA, p<0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant differences among different flowering days for the same cultivar (Mann-Whitney U test, independent samples t test or Kruskal-Wallis test; p<0.05).

Fig. 3.

Total nectar yield and average nectar sugar concentration in the five oilseed rape cultivars. Group A: flower buds that were bagged at 18:00 and opened before 9:00 the next morning, Group B: flower buds that were bagged at 9:00 and opened at 11:00. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among cultivars for the flowers opening at the same time (Kruskal-Wallis test or one-way ANOVA, p<0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant differences between flowers of the same cultivar that opened at different times (Mann-Whitney U test or independent samples t test; p<0.05).
Total nectar yield and average nectar sugar concentration in the five oilseed rape cultivars. Group A: flower buds that were bagged at 18:00 and opened before 9:00 the next morning, Group B: flower buds that were bagged at 9:00 and opened at 11:00. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among cultivars for the flowers opening at the same time (Kruskal-Wallis test or one-way ANOVA, p<0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant differences between flowers of the same cultivar that opened at different times (Mann-Whitney U test or independent samples t test; p<0.05).

Fig. 4.

The relationships of nectar volume (A) and nectar sugar concentration (B) with corolla opening size.
The relationships of nectar volume (A) and nectar sugar concentration (B) with corolla opening size.

Nectar secretion volume (μL) and nectar sugar concentration (%, wt_/total wt_) in the five oilseed rape cultivars at the bud stage

CultivarNumber of flower budsPercentage of buds secreting nectar (%)Nectar volume (μL)Nectar sugar concentration (%)
Aiyouwang1233.3a0.724±0.355a11.8±0.4ab
Ningde 211275.0a0.330±0.169a10.3±0.9ab
Dehuiyou1163.6a0.252±0.092a7.7±2.3b
Hengheyou 9981030.0a0.247±0.020a15.5±1.5a
Huayou1553.3a0.353±0.115a10.5±0.4ab

The nectar sugar composition (g/100 mL) in the five oilseed rape cultivars

CultivarGlucoseFructoseG/F
Aiyouwang17.22±2.5320.08±3.030.89±0.09
Ningde 2120.30±2.8118.40±2.841.30±0.29
Dehuiyou12.69±2.2615.20±2.810.96±0.17
Hengheyou 99817.56±1.3116.52±3.691.44±0.38
Huayou14.66±2.6615.11±2.811.04±0.19

Linear regression of environmental parameters correlated with oilseed rape flower nectar production

CultivarCoefficientsEstimateStd. errort valuep valueModel fit (adjusted R2)
Nectar volumeAiyouwang% Relative humidity0.0070.0022.9080.0040.016
Dehuiyou% Relative humidity0.0140.0043.753<0.0010.025
Air temperature0.0360.0132.7740.006
Hengheyou 998% Relative humidity0.0120.0033.762<0.0010.027
Air temperature0.0250.0112.2350.026
Huayou% Relative humidity0.0070.0022.9930.0030.017
Nectar sugar concentrationAiyouwang% Relative humidity−0.4910.069−7.113<0.0010.433
Air temperature1.2290.2295.380<0.001
Ningde 21% Relative humidity−0.5170.062−8.364<0.0010.571
Air temperature1.4760.2166.846<0.001
Dehuiyou% Relative humidity−0.7420.067−11.132<0.0010.496
Air temperature0.4620.2212.0840.038
Hengheyou 998% Relative humidity−0.6330.068−9.363<0.0010.536
Air temperature1.2260.2305.327<0.001
Huayou% Relative humidity−0.6700.069−9.739<0.0010.524
Air temperature0.9480.2324.084<0.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2299-4831 | Journal ISSN: 1643-4439
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Language: English
Page range: 57 - 72
Submitted on: Jan 2, 2023
Accepted on: Apr 4, 2023
Published on: Jun 30, 2023
Published by: Research Institute of Horticulture
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
oilseed rape,
nectar volume,
sugar concentration,
glucose,
fructose,
temperature
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Zoology,
Life sciences, other

© 2023 Ran Liu, Zhijun Wei, Cheng Liang, Yongquan Huang, Guiling Ding, Yusuo Jiang, Jiaxing Huang, published by Research Institute of Horticulture
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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