Health Status of Honeybee Colonies Differing in Genetic Intra-Colonial Diversity

N	Min	Max	Mean^**	SD
SCS	Both apiaries	Years together	54	16	1806	352 a	316.1
MCS	68	17	1975	456 b	364.6
Both groups	Apiary (W)	Years together	70	16	1975	372 a	346.4
Apiary (S)	52	121	1806	412 b	343.3
Both groups	Both apiaries	2010	72	16	1806	455 b	335.5
2011	50	27	1975	345 a	355.2
Total				16	1975	410	346.4

* SCS colonies with queens instrumentally inseminated using semen from drones of a single colony, MCS colonies with queens instrumentally inseminated using mixed semen from drones of thirty colonies

** different letters in columns separated by blank row indicate significant differences at α=0.05 based on multifactor

Anova

The table shows only the main effects. Data were transformed with the Log10 formula.

Number of *Varroa* mites found after treatment on the bottom boards in particular years and apiaries.
Means among seasons indicated with different letters differed significantly from each other (P<0.05).

Table 2.

The number of Varroa mites found on the bottom boards after late summer-autumn treatments in each experimental group in 2010 and 2011. The SCS group was divided according to the origin of the paternal colonies

N	Min	Max	Mean^**	SD
SCS-M	23	27	1806	337 a	388.5
SCS-N	12	16	941	378 a	289.4
SCS-G	19	43	922	354 a	240.4
MCS	68	17	1975	456 a	364.6

* SCS-M, SCS-N and SCS-G colonies with queens instrumentally inseminated with semen from drones of a single colony, MCS colonies with queens instrumentally inseminated with mixed semen from the drones of thirty colonies

** different letters in columns separated by blank row indicate significant differences at α=0.05 based on Anova. Data for analysis were transformed with the Log10 formula.

Table 3.

Number of dead bees with winter debris and nest adjustment in spring 2010 and 2011 in bee colonies according to Varroa infestation level expressed on a scale of 1–3

Mean**	Median	Range
1	23	1359 a	−14.2 a	−7.1	−50 – 0
2	33	1188 a	−11.0 a	0	−40 – 0
3	38	1356 a	−11.4 a	−14.3	−50 – 33
Total	95	1288	−11.8	−14.2	−50 – 33

* different letters in columns indicate significant differences at α=0.05 based on Anova. Data were transformed with the Log10 formula.

** different letters in columns indicate significant differences at α=0.05 based on Kruskal-Wallis test.

Table 4.

Distribution of healthy colonies and those infected with Vairimorpha spp. from each experimental group

N	0	1	2	3
SCS	2010	89	28	2	1	8
MCS			27	5	4	14
SCS	2011	68	18	1	3	10
MCS			23	6	1	6
SCS	2012	25	1	1	2	7
MCS			4	2	1	7
Total		182	101	17	12	52

* SCS colonies' queens instrumentally inseminated with semen from drones of single colony, MCS colonies queens instrumentally inseminated with mixed semen from drones of thirty colonies.

Number of healthy colonies (0) and infected with *Vairimorpha* spp. (scale 1–3) in the different experimental groups,
n.s. - not significant.

Number of healthy colonies and those infected with *Vairimorpha* spp. and then recovered changes during the experimental period in each experimental group colonies,
n.s. - not significant.

Table 5.

Distribution of healthy colonies from each experimental group and those infected with Vairimorpha spp.

N	Mean number of dead bees in winter debris^*	Change in the size of the nest in the spring (%)
Mean**	Median
0	101	1188 a	−9.7 a	0.0
1	17	1161 a	−12.5 a	−15.4
2	12	1208 a	−16.6 a	−16.6
3	52	1140 a	−14.1 a	−16.6
Total	182	1174	−11.6	−14.2

* different letters in columns indicate significant differences at α=0.05 based on Anova.

Data were transformed with the Log10 formula.

** different letters in columns indicate significant differences at α=0.05 based on Kruskal-Wallis test.

Table 6.

Distribution of viruses in bee samples taken in autumn from colonies in each experimental group in 2010 and 2011

N	0	ABPV	DWV	ABPV + DWV
SCS	2010	71	21	9	2	0
MCS	24	14	1	0
SCS	2011	45	13	1	5	1
MCS	19	0	7	0
Total		116	77	24	15	1

* SCS colonies with queens instrumentally inseminated with semen from drones of a single colony, MCS colonies with queens instrumentally inseminated with mixed semen from drones of thirty colonies.

Number of healthy colonies and infected with ABPV and DWV in the different experimental groups,
n.s. - not significant

Table 7.

Number of Varroa mites before winter and some indicators of overwintering of healthy colonies and those infected by viruses

Mean^**	Median
Healthy	75	420 a	1251 a	−11.2 a	−14.0
ABPV	23	485 a	1035 a	−7.7 a	0.0
DWV	13	417 a	2047 b	−31.1 b	−33.3
ABPV + DWV^***	1	321	2621	−16.6	−16.6
Total	112	432	1288	−12.7	−14.2

* different letters in columns indicate significant differences at α=0.05 based on Anova. Data were transformed with the Log10 formula.

** different letters in columns indicate significant differences at α=0.05 based on the Kruskal-Wallis test.

*** group excluded from the test due to the small number of cases.

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2023-0002 | Journal eISSN: 2299-4831 | Journal ISSN: 1643-4439 (formerly 2299-4831)

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Language: English

Page range: 15 - 26

Submitted on: Dec 2, 2022

Accepted on: Mar 22, 2023

Published on: Jun 30, 2023

Published by: The National Institute of Horticultural Research and Apicultural Research Association

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

ABPV,

DWV,

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© 2023 Dariusz Gerula, published by The National Institute of Horticultural Research and Apicultural Research Association
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 67 (2023): Issue 1 (June 2023)

Health Status of Honeybee Colonies Differing in Genetic Intra-Colonial Diversity

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Fig. 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Fig. 4.

Table 7.

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