Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Oligonucleotide primer sets used in this study in order to specify honeybee viruses
| Virus | Genom specific primerlers (5′→3′) | Amplicon | Gene region | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BQCV | F-TGGTCAGCTCCCACTACCTTAAAC | 700 bp | Polyprotein | Benjeddou et al., 2001 |
| SBV | F-CGTAATTGCGGAGTGGAAAGATT | 342 bp | Polyprotein | Sguazza et al., 2013 |
| ABPV | F-TTATGTGTCCAGAGACTGTATCCA | 900 bp | Coat Protein | Benjeddou et al., 2001 |
Chart showing surveyed apiaries and SBV and BQCV positivity in Bingöl province, Turkey
| Locations | Number of apiaries | Positivity | Infection incidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBV | BQCV | SBV | BQCV | ||
| 1 | 44 | 4 | 1 | 9.1 | 2.27 |
| 2 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 5.8 | 23.5 |
| 4 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 8.3 | 0 |
| 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | 11 | 1 | 4 | 9.1 | 45.4 |
| 7 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 50.0 |
| 8 | 11 | 2 | 4 | 18.2 | 36.36 |
| Total | 128 | 9 | 15 | 7.03% | 11.7% |