Genetic Relationships Between Commercially Produced and Natural Populations of Bombus Terrestris Dalmatinus in Terms of Mitochondrial COI and CytB

Primers (5′-3′)	Gene/size	References
F-CAACATTTATTTTGATTTTTTGG R-TCCAATGCACTAATCTGCCATATA	COI/758 bp	Sperling and Hickey (1994)
F-TACTACCATGAGGACAAATATC R-ATTACACCTCCTAATTTATTG	CytB/434 bp	Morath (2007)

Table 2

Distribution of haplotypes detected in the COI gene region of the B. t. dalmatinus populations in Antalya

	Populations	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5	H6	H7	H8	H9	H10	H11	H12	H13	H14	H15	H16
Outgroup	Lecocq_2013	1
	Company_1	17	6	1	1
	Company_2	13				11	3	1
Companies	Company_3	9							1	1	3
	Company_4	22	6
	Company_5	14	14
	Demre	18							12
Greenhouse centers	Kumluca	18	4												1		5
	Aksu	18	2
	Geyikbayiri	17						1							4	4
	Phaselis	4												26
Natural areas	Termessos	15				15
Natural areas	Bayatbademler											16	12
Total		166	32	1	1	26	3	2	13	1	3	16	12	26	5	4	5

Table 3

Distribution of haplotypes detected in the CytB gene region of the B. t. dalmatinus populations in Antalya

	Population	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5	H6	H7	H8	H9	H10	H11	H12	H13	H14	H15	H16	H17	H18	H19	H20
Outgroup	Lecocq_2013	1
	Company_1	20	8
	Company_2	24							3	3
Companies	Company_3	18				11														1
	Company_4	28
	Company_5	18						12
	Demre	20									2
Greenhouse centers	Kumluca	25																			3
	Aksu	16		8	1	1	2
	Geyikbayiri	11														14	3
Natural areas	Phaselis	15												2	13
	Termessos																	26	4
	Bayatbademler	14										11	3
Total		210	8	8	1	12	2	12	3	3	2	11	3	2	13	14	3	26	4	1	3

Table 4

AMOVA (Analyses of Molecular Variance) results and some diversity parameters calculated using COI fragments for all bumblebee populations

	Populations	Source of variation in populations	d.f.	Sum of squares	Variance components	Percentage of variation	Haplotype diversity	Nucleotide diversity
Companies	Company_1	Among	4	21.55	0.189	19.55		0.009
	Company_2	Among	4	21.55	0.189	19.55
	Company_3	Within	118	92.103	0.780	80.45	0.582
	Company_4
	Company_5
Greenhousecenters	Demre	Among	2	8.612	0.134	23.48
	Kumluca						0.493	0.005
	Aksu	Within	83	36.105	0.439	76.52
Natural areas	Geyikbayiri
	Phaselis	Among	3	60.13	0.679	47.55
	Termessos	Within	110	82.49	0.749	52.45	0.805	0.012
	Bayatbademler	Within	110	82.49	0.749	52.45	0.805	0.012
	All populations (including outgroup)	Among	12	114.828	0.368	34.59	0.697	0.010
	All populations (including outgroup)	Within	303	211.032	0.696	65.41	0.697	0.010

Table 5

AMOVA (Analyses of Molecular Variance) results and some diversity parameters calculated using CytB fragments for all bumblebee populations

	Populations	Source of variation in populations	d.f.	Sum of squares	Variance components	Percentage of variation	Haplotype diversity	Nucleotide diversity
Companies	Company_1	Among	4	95.889	0.730	21.67	0.439	0.017
	Company_2	Among	4	95.889	0.730	21.67
	Company_3		141
	Company_4	Within		372.467	2.641	78.33
	Company_5
Greenhousecenters	Demre	Among	2	60.639	1.096	35.65	0.380	0.014
	Kumluca	Within	75	148.425	1.979	64.35
	Aksu	Within	75	148.425	1.979	64.35
Natural areas	Geyikbayiri Phaselis	Among	3	116.624	1.197	20.00	0.799	0.030
	Termessos Bayatbademler	Within	110	526.946	4.790	80.00	0.799	0.030
	All populations (including outgroup)	Among	12	422.418	1.227	27.53	0.608	0.023
	All populations (including outgroup)	Within	328	1059.940	3.231	72.47	0.608	0.023

Median-joining network based on the haplotypes which are determined from the mtDNA (a) COI region and (b) CytB region of *B. t. dalmatinus* populations in Antalya. Branches connecting together circles represent nucleotide changes among haplotypes. Underlined numbers show SNP differences between rings. Each pattern within circles illustrates the relative frequencies of sequences from different populations. The number of individuals in each haplotype is given next to the hoop. Data merged with sequences of major haplotypes reported by Lecocq et al. (2013) as references. Demre, Kumluca and Aksu are greenhouses areas, and Geyikbayiri, Phaselis, Termessos and Bayatbademler are natural areas.

Table 6

Pairwise F_ST values calculated for COI region below diagonal and for CytB above diagonal of the B. t. dalmatinus populations in Antalya

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
1		−0.48	−0.80	−0.25	0.00	−0.24	−0.91	−0.85	−0.25	−0.03	−0.13	0.02	−0.19
2	−0.85		0.07^*	0.22^**	0.26^**	0.22^**	0.23^**	0.22^**	0.25^**	0.40^**	0.37^**	0.27^**	0.33^**
3	−0.30	0.23^**		0.21^**	0.10^*	0.17^**	0.08^**	0.08^**	0.23^**	0.32^**	0.27^**	0.27^**	0.27^**
4	−0.63	0.08^*	0.16^**		0.37^**	0.15^**	0.34^**	0.36^**	0.04	0.28^**	0.27^**	0.26^**	0.18^**
5	−0.63	−0.01	0.30^**	0.15^**		0.37^**	0.06	0.07	0.38^**	0.49^**	0.43^**	0.50^**	0.41^**
6	−0.04	0.06	0.26^**	0.14^*	0.13^*		0.34^**	0.35^**	0.15^**	0.21^**	0.18^**	0.24^**	0.20^**
7	−0.24	0.18^**	0.23^**	0.05	0.26^**	0.22^**		0.06	0.34^**	0.45^**	0.39^**	0.46^**	0.37^**
8	−0.80	0.01	0.26^**	0.13^**	0.02	0.13^**	0.23^**		0.37^**	0.48^**	0.41^**	0.48^**	0.39^**
9	−0.89	0.00	0.28^**	0.17^**	0.00	0.27^**	0.27^**	0.03		0.28^**	0.26^**	0.27^**	0.15^**
10	−0.75	0.05	0.19^**	0.12^*	0.10^*	0.16^**	0.17^**	0.05^*	0.08		0.02	0.27^**	0.14^*
11	0.72	0.57^**	0.26^**	0.53^**	0.74^**	0.64^**	0.56^**	0.62^**	0.78^**	0.47^**		0.31^**	0.12^**
12	−0.03	0.34^**	−0.00	0.23^**	0.41^**	0.37^**	0.30^**	0.37^**	0.40^**	0.30^**	0.39^**		0.27^**
13	0.45^*	0.55^**	0.40^**	0.54^**	0.67^**	0.67^**	0.59^**	0.58^**	0.67^**	0.48^**	0.74^**	0.48^**

[i] 1: Outgroup (Lecocq et al., 2013), 2: Company_1, 3: Company_2, 4: Company_3, 5: Company_4, 6: Company_5, 7: Demre, 8: Kumluca, 9: Aksu, 10: Geyikbayiri, 11: Phaselis, 12: Termessos, 13: Bayatbademler.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2021-0025 | Journal eISSN: 2299-4831 | Journal ISSN: 1643-4439 (formerly 2299-4831)

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Language: English

Page range: 315 - 330

Submitted on: Mar 25, 2021

Accepted on: Oct 5, 2021

Published on: Dec 28, 2021

Published by: The National Institute of Horticultural Research and Apicultural Research Association

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Bombus terrestris dalmatinus,

CytB,

COI,

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© 2021 Kemal Karabağ, Emel Tüten Sevim, Şadiye Taşbaş, published by The National Institute of Horticultural Research and Apicultural Research Association
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 65 (2021): Issue 2 (December 2021)

Genetic Relationships Between Commercially Produced and Natural Populations of Bombus Terrestris Dalmatinus in Terms of Mitochondrial COI and CytB

Figures & Tables

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Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

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