References
- Antoń, S., Denisow, B., Komoń-Janczara, E., Targoński, Z. (2017). Nectary and gender-biased nectar production in dichogamous Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. (Onagraceae). Plant Species Biology, 32(4), 380–391.
- Baldock, K. (2020). Opportunities and threats for pollinator conservation in global town and cities. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 38, 63–71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.01.006 - Baker, H.G., & Baker, I. (1983). Floral nectar sugar constituents in relation to pollinator type. In Handbook of Experimental Pollination Ecology (pp.117–141). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
- Biuletyn Państwowej Służby Hydrologiczno-Meteorologicznej. Maj 2015. (2015). IMGW-PIB. 5(155), 1–46.
- Biuletyn Państwowej Służby Hydrologiczno-Meteorologicznej. Maj 2016. (2016). IMGW-PIB. 5(168), 1–26.
- Bretzel, F., Vannucchi, F., Romano, D., Malorgio, F., Benvenuti, S., Pezzarossa, B. (2016). Wildflowers: From conserving biodiversity to urban greening-A review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 20, 428–436.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.10.008 - Brodschneider, R., & Crailsheim, K. (2010). Nutrition and health in honey bees. Apidologie, 41(3), 278–294.
https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010012 - Burkle, L. A., & Alarcón, R. (2011). The future of plant–pollinator diversity: understanding interaction networks across time, space, and global change. American Journal of Botany, 98(3), 528–538.
https://doi.org/10.3732/abj.1000391 - Daniels, B., Jedamski, J., Ottermanns, R., Ross-Nickoll, M. (2020). A “plan bee” for cities: Pollinator diversity and plant-pollinator interactions in urban green spaces. PloS ONE 15(7), e0235492.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235492 - Dafni, A., (1992). Pollination ecology: A practical approach. New York: Oxford Uniwersity Press.
- Demianowicz, Z., Jabłoński, B., Ostrowska, W., Szybowski, S. (1963). Wydajność miodowa ważniejszych roślin miododajnych w warunkach Polski. Cz. II. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe 7, 95–109.
- Dicks, L. V., Baude, M., Roberts, S. P., Phillips, J., Green, M., Carvell, C. (2015). How much flower-rich habitat is enough for wild pollinators? Answering a key policy question with incomplete knowledge. Ecological Entomology, 40, 22–35.
https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12226 - Dmitruk, M., Wrzesień, M., Strzałkowska-Abramek, M., Denisow, B. (2021). Pollen food resources to help pollinators. A study of five Ranunculaceae species in urban forest. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 127051.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127051 - Fischer, L. K., Honold, J., Cvejić, R., Delshammar, T., Hilbert, S., Lafortezza, R., ... Kowarik, I. (2018). Beyond green: Broad support for biodiversity in multicultural European cities. Global Environmental Change, 49, 35–45.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.02.001 - Fisogni, A., Cristofolini, G., Rossi, M., Galloni, M. (2011). Pollinator directionality as a response to nectar gradient: promoting outcrossing while avoiding geitonogamy. Plant Biology, 13(6), 848–856.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00453.x - Fisogni, A., Hautekèete, N., Piquot, Y., Brun, M., Vanappelghem, C., Michez, D., Massol, F. (2020). Urbanization drives an early spring for plants but not for pollinators. Oikos, 129(11), 1681–1691.
https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07274 - Fiz, O., Vargas, P., Alarcón, M., Aedo, C., García, J. L., Aldasoro, J. J. (2008). Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Geraniaceae in relation to climate changes and pollination ecology. Systematic Botany, 33(2), 326–342.
https://doi.org/10.1600/036364408784571482 - Fukase, J., & Simons, A. M. (2016). Increased pollinator activity in urban gardens with more native flora. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 14(1), 297–310.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1401_297310 - Garbuzov, M., & Ratnieks, F. L. (2014). Quantifying variation among garden plants in attractiveness to bees and other flower-visiting insects. Functional Ecology, 28(2), 364–374.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12178 - Hall, D. M., Camilo, G. R., Tonietto, R. K., Ollerton, J., Ahrné, K., Arduser, M., ... Threlfall, C. G. (2017). The city as a refuge for insect pollinators. Conservation Biology, 31(1), 24–29.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12840 - Heinrich, B. (1975). Energetics of pollination. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 6(1), 139–170.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.06.110175.001035 - Hicks, D. M., Ouvrard, P., Baldock, K. C., Baude, M., Goddard, M. A., Kunin, W. E., ... Osgathorpe, L. M. (2016). Food for pollinators: quantifying the nectar and pollen resources of urban flower meadows. PloS ONE, 11(6), 1–37.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158117 - Isaacs, R., Tuell, J., Fiedler, A., Gardiner, M., Landis, D. (2009). Maximizing arthropod-mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes: the role of native plants. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7(4), 196–203.
https://doi.org/:10.1890/080035 - Jabłoński, B. (2002). Notes on the method to investigate nectar secretion rate in flowers. Journal of Apicultural Science, 46(2), 117–125.
- Jabłoński, B., & Kołtowski, Z. (2002). Nectar secretion and honey potential of honey plants growing under Poland's conditions. Part XIII. Journal of Apicultural Science, 46(1), 25–30.
- Klein, A. M., Vaissiere, B. E., Cane, J. H., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Cunningham, S. A., Kremen, C., Tscharntke, T. (2007). Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1608), 303–313.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3721 - Knuth, P. (1908). Geraniaceae. In Handbook of flower pollination. Vol. II, (pp. 232–242). Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Konarska, A., & Masierowska, M. (2020). Structure of floral nectaries and female-biased nectar production in protandrous species Geranium macrorrhizum and Geranium phaeum. Protoplasma, 257(2), 501–523.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01454-3 - Köppen, W. (1948). Climatologia: con un estudio de los climas de la tierra.
https://issuu.com/lucaspestana/docs/koeppen_climatologia - Lepczyk, C. A., Aronson, M. F., Evans, K. L., Goddard, M. A., Lerman, S. B., MacIvor, J. S. (2017). Biodiversity in the city: fundamental questions for understanding the ecology of urban green spaces for biodiversity conservation. BioScience, 67(9), 799–807.
https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix079 - Marcinkowski, J. (2002). Byliny ogrodowe. Warsaw: PWRiL
- Masierowska, M., Stawiarz, E., Rozwałka, R. (2018). Perennial ground cover plants as floral resources for urban pollinators: A case of Geranium species. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 32, 185–194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.03.018 - Matuszkiewicz, W. (2008). Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
- Moquet, L., Mayer, C., Michez, D., Wathelet, B., Jacquemart, A. L. (2015). Early spring floral foraging resources for pollinators in wet heathlands in Belgium. Journal of Insect Conservation, 19(5), 837–848.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-015-9802-5 - Niemelä, J., Breuste, J. H., Guntenspergen, G., McIntyre, N. E., Elmqvist, T., James, P. (Eds.). (2011). Urban ecology: patterns, processes, and applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Percival, M. S. (1961). Types of nectar in angiosperms. New Phytologist, 60(3), 235–281.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1961.tb06255.x - Pardee, G. L., & Philpott, S. M. (2014). Native plants are the bee's knees: local and landscape predictors of bee richness and abundance in backyard gardens. Urban Ecosystems, 17(3), 641–659.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0349-0 - Pickett, S. T., Cadenasso, M. L., Grove, J. M., Boone, C. G., Groffman, P. M., Irwin, E., ... Pouyat, R. V. (2011). Urban ecological systems: Scientific foundations and a decade of progress. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(3), 331–362.
https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.022 - Potts, S. G., Biesmeijer, J. C., Kremen, C., Neumann, P., Schweiger, O., Kunin, W. E. (2010). Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 25(6), 345–353.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.01.007 - Rollings, R., & Goulson, D. (2019). Quantifying the attractiveness of garden flowers for pollinators. Journal of Insect Conservation, 23(5), 803–817.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00177-3 - Rotheray, E. L., Osborne, J. L., Goulson, D. (2017). Quantifying the food requirements and effects of food stress on bumble bee colony development. Journal of Apicultural Research, 56(3), 288–299.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2017.1307712 - Rutkowski, L. (2006). Klucz do oznaczania roślin naczyniowych Polski niżowej. Warsaw: PWN
- Salisbury, A., Armitage, J., Bostock, H., Perry, J., Tatchell, M., Thompson, K. (2015). Enhancing gardens as habitats for flower-visiting aerial insects (pollinators): should we plant native or exotic species? Journal of Applied Ecology, 52, 1156–1164.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12499 - Southwick, E. E., Loper, G. M., Sadwick, S. E. (1981). Nectar production, composition, energetics and pollinator attractiveness in spring flowers of western New York. American Journal of Botany, 68(7), 994–1002.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1981.tb07816.x - Southwick, E. E., & Pimentel, D. (1981). Energy efficiency of honey production by bees. BioScience, 31(10), 730–732.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1308779 - Staab, M., Pereira-Peixoto, M. H., Klein, A. M. (2020). Exotic garden plants partly substitute for native plants as resources for pollinators when native plants become seasonally scarce. Oecologia, 194(3), 465–480.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04785-8 - Stange, E., Zulian, G., Rusch, G., Barton, D., Nowell, M. (2017). Ecosystem services mapping for municipal policy: ESTIMAP and zoning for urban beekeeping. One Ecosystem, 2, e14014.
https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.2.e14014 - Tew, N. E., Memmott, J., Vaughan, I. P., Bird, S., Stone, G. N., Potts, S. G., Baldock, K. C. (2021). Quantifying nectar production by flowering plants in urban and rural landscapes. Journal of Ecology, 109(4), 1747–1757.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13598 - Threlfall, C. G., Mata, L., Mackie, J. A., Hahs, A. K., Stork, N. E., Williams, N. S., Livesley, S. J. (2017). Increasing biodiversity in urban green spaces through simple vegetation interventions. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54(6), 1874–1883.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12876 - Urbanowicz, C., Muñiz, P. A., McArt, S. H. (2020). Honey bees and wild pollinators differ in their preference for and use of introduced floral resources. Ecology and Evolution, 10(13), 6741–6751.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6417 - Van Kleunen, M., Essl, F., Pergl, J., Brundu, G., Carboni, M., Dullinger, S., ... Dehnen-Schmutz, K. (2018). The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions. Biological Reviews, 93(3), 1421–1437.
https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12402 - Wenzel, A., Grass, I., Belavadi, V. V., Tscharntke, T. (2020). How urbanization is driving pollinator diversity and pollination-A systematic review. Biological Conservation, 241, 108321.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108321 - Whelan, R. J., Roberts, D. G., England, P. R., Ayre, D. J. (2006). The potential for genetic contamination vs. augmentation by native plants in urban gardens. Biological Conservation, 128(4), 493–500.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.016 - Willmer, P. (2011). Pollination and floral ecology. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
- Younis, A., Riaz, A., Saleem, S., Hameed, M. (2010). Potential use of wild flowers in urban landscape. Acta Horticulturae, 881, 229–233.
https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.881.29 - Zajac, M. (1996). Mountain vascular plants in the Polish lowlands. Polish Botanical Studies, 11, 1–92.