References
- Ahn, M. R., Kumazawa, S., Hamasaka, T., Bang, K. S., Nakayama, T. (2004). Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of Korea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(24), 7286-7292. DOI: 10.1021/jf048726s10.1021/jf048726s
- Bankova, V., Bertelli, D., Borba, R., Conti, B. J., da Silva Cunha, I. B., Danert, C., ... Papotti, G. (2016). Standard methods for Apis mellifera propolis research. Journal of Apicultural Research, 1-49. DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2016.122266110.1080/00218839.2016.1222661
- Bankova, V., Christov, R., Marcucci, C., & Popov, S. (1998). Constituents of Brazilian geopropolis. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 53(5-6), 402-406.
- Campos, J.F., dos Santos, U.P., Macorini, L.F.B., de Melo, A.M.M.F., Balestieri, J.B.P., Paredes-Gamero, E.J., … dos Santos, E.L., (2014). Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of propolis from Melipona orbignyi (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 65, 374-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.00810.1016/j.fct.2014.01.008
- Castaldo, S., & Capasso, F. (2002). Propolis, an old remedy used in modern medicine. Fitoterapia, 73, S1-S6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00185-510.1016/S0367-326X(02)00185-5
- Chang, C. C., Yang, M. H., Wen, H. M., & Chern, J. C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3). 178-182.
- Choudhari, M. K., Punekar, S. A., Ranade, R. V., & Paknikar, K. M. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of stingless bee (Trigona sp.) propolis used in the folk medicine of Western Maharashtra, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 141(1), 363-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.04710.1016/j.jep.2012.02.047
- Cos, P., Rajan, P., Vedernikova, I., Calomme, M., Pieters, L., Vlietinck, A. J., ... Berghe, D. V. (2002). In vitro antioxidant profile of phenolic acid derivatives. Free Radical Research, 36(6), 711-716. https://doi.org/10.1080/1071576029002918210.1080/10715760290029182
- Cottica, S. M., Sawaya, A. C., Eberlin, M. N., Franco, S. L., Zeoula, L. M., Visentainer, J. V. (2011). Antioxidant activity and composition of propolis obtained by different methods of extraction. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 22(5), 929-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-5053201100050001610.1590/S0103-50532011000500016
- da Silva, J. F. M., de Souza, M. C., Matta, S. R., de Andrade, M. R., Vidal, F. V. N. (2006). Correlation analysis between phenolic levels of Brazilian propolis extracts and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry, 99(3), 431-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.05510.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.055
- Deore, S. L., Baviskar, B. A., & Rangari, A. S. (2015). Rapid and high yield Extraction method for Saponins from Safed musli. Pharmacognosy Journal, 7(4). 210-214. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2015.4.110.5530/pj.2015.4.1
- Dhanani, T., Shah, S., Gajbhiye, N. A., & Kumar, S. (2017). Effect of extraction methods on yield, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S1193-S1199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.02.015
- Do, Q. D., Angkawijaya, A. E., Tran-Nguyen, P. L., Huynh, L. H., Soetaredjo, F. E., Ismadji, S., Ju, Y. H. (2014). Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 22(3), 296-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.11.00110.1016/j.jfda.2013.11.001
- Freitas, M. O., Ponte, F. A., Lima, M. A. S., & Silveira, E. R. (2008). Flavonoids and triterpenes from the nest of the stingless bee Trigona spinipes. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 19(3), 532-535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-5053200800030002210.1590/S0103-50532008000300022
- Gülçin, I., Bursal, E., Şehitoğlu, M. H., Bilsel, M., Gören, A. C. (2010). Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of lyophilized aqueous extract of propolis from Erzurum, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(8-9), 2227-2238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.05310.1016/j.fct.2010.05.053
- Hamasaka, T., Kumazawa, S., Fujimoto, T., & Nakayam, T. (2004). Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of Japan. Food Science and Technology Research, 10(1), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.10.8610.3136/fstr.10.86
- Hasan, A. E. Z., Mangunwidjaja, D., Sunarti, T. C., Suparno, O., Setiyono, A. (2014). Investigating the antioxidant and anticytotoxic activities of propolis collected from five regions of Indonesia and their abilities to induce apoptosis. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 26(5), 390-398. DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.v26i5.1654910.9755/ejfa.v26i5.16549
- Huang, S., Zhang, C. P., Wang, K., Li, G. Q., & Hu, F. L. (2014). Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules, 19(12), 19610-19632. DOI: 10.3390/molecules19121961010.3390/191219610
- Hwang, E. S., & Do Thi, N. (2014). Effects of extraction and processing methods on antioxidant compound contents and radical scavenging activities of laver (Porphyra tenera). Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 19(1), 40-48. DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.1.04010.3746/pnf.2014.19.1.040
- Ibrahim, N., Zakaria, A. J., Ismail, Z., & Mohd, K. S. (2016). Antibacterial and phenolic content of propolis produced by two Malaysian stingless bees, Heterotrigona itama and Geniotrigona thoracica. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8(1), 156-161.
- Kalsum, N., Sulaeman, A., Setiawan, B., & Wibawan, I.W.T. (2016). Phytochemical profiles of propolis Trigona spp. from three regions in Indonesia using GC-MS. Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare, 6(14), 31-37.
- Khacha-Ananda, S., Tragoolpua, K., Chantawannakul, P., & Tragoolpua, Y. (2013). Antioxidant and anticancer cell proliferation activity of propolis extracts from two extraction methods. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(11), 6991-6995. DOI: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.11.699110.7314/APJCP.2013.14.11.6991
- Kosalec, I., Pepeljnjak, S., Bakmaz, M., & Vladimir-Knežević, S. (2005). Flavonoid analysis and antimicrobial activity of commercially available propolis products. Acta Pharmaceutica, 55(4), 423-430.
- Król, W., Bankova, V., Sforcin, J. M., Szliszka, E., Czuba, Z., Kuropatnicki, A. K. (2013). Propolis: properties, application, and its potential. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/80757810.1155/2013/807578
- Kumazawa, S., Hamasaka, T., & Nakayama, T. (2004). Antioxidant activity of propolis of various geographic origins. Food chemistry, 84(3), 329-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00216-410.1016/S0308-8146(03)00216-4
- Kwon, T. D., Lee, M. W., & Kim, K. H. (2014). The effect of exercise training and water extract from propolis intake on the antioxidant enzymes activity of skeletal muscle and liver in rat. Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry, 18(1), 9-17. DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2014.18.1.910.5717/jenb.2014.18.1.9
- Laskar, R. A., Sk, I., Roy, N., & Begum, N. A. (2010). Antioxidant activity of Indian propolis and its chemical constituents. Food Chemistry, 122(1), 233-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.06810.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.068
- Lotfy, M. (2006). Biological activity of bee propolis in health and disease. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 7(1), 22-31.
- Marcucci, M.C. (1995). Propolis: chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity. Apidologie, 26(2), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:1995020210.1051/apido:19950202
- Mărghitas, L. A., Dezmirean, D., Moise, A., Mihai, C., Laslo, L. (2009). DPPH Method for evaluation of propolis antioxidant activity. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 66(1-2). 253-258.
- Mărghitaş, L. A., Laslo, L., Dezmirean, D., Moise, A., Maghear, O. (2007). Total phenolics and antioxidant activity of Romanian propolis. In International Conference Agricultural and Food Sciences, Progresses and Technologies, Sibiu pp. 209-212.
- Marquez Hernandez, I., Cuesta-Rubio, O., Campo Fernandez, M., Rosado Perez, A., Montes de Oca Porto, R., Piccinelli, A. L., Rastrelli, L. (2010). Studies on the constituents of yellow Cuban propolis: GC-MS determination of triterpenoids and flavonoids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(8), 4725-4730. DOI: 10.1021/jf904527n
- Mello, B. C., & Hubinger, M. D. (2012). Antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents in Brazilian green propolis extracts prepared with the use of ethanol and water as solvents in different pH values. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 47(12), 2510-2518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03129.x10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03129.x
- Mello, B. C., Petrus, J. C. C., & Hubinger, M. D. (2010). Concentration of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in aqueous and ethanolic propolis extracts through nanofiltration. Journal of Food Engineering, 96(4), 533-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.08.04010.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.08.040
- Menniti-Ippolito, F., Mazzanti, G., Santuccio, C., Angela Moro, P., Calapai, G., Firenzuoli, F., ... Raschetti, R. (2008). Surveillance of suspected adverse reactions to natural health products in Italy. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 17(6), 626-635. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.156610.1002/pds.1566
- Mohammadzadeh, S., Shariatpanahi, M., Hamedi, M., Ahmadkhaniha, R., Samadi, N., Ostad, S.N. (2007). Chemical composition, oral toxicity and antimicrobial activity of Iranian propolis. Food Chemistry, 103(4), 1097-1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.00610.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.006
- Moreno, M. I. N., Isla, M. I., Sampietro, A. R., & Vattuone, M. A. (2000). Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00189-010.1016/S0378-8741(99)00189-0
- Nagai, T., Inoue, R., Inoue, H., & Suzuki, N. (2003). Preparation and antioxidant properties of water extract of propolis. Food Chemistry, 80(1), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00231-510.1016/S0308-8146(02)00231-5
- National Agency for Drug and Food Control. (2004). Monograph of Indonesian Herb Extracts Volume 1. Jakarta.
- Pascual, C., Gonzalez, R., & Torricella, R. G. (1994). Scavenging action of propolis extract against oxygen radicals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 41(1-2), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90052-310.1016/0378-8741(94)90052-3
- Pietta, P.G., Gardana, C., & Pietta, A.M. (2002). Analytical methods for quality control of propolis. Fitoterapia, 73, S7-S20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00186-710.1016/S0367-326X(02)00186-7
- Pujirahayu, N., Ritonga, H., & Uslinawaty, Z. (2014). Properties and flavonoids content in propolis of some extraction method of raw propolis. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Scencesi, 6, 338-340.
- Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., & Paganga, G. (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 20(7), 933-956. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-910.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-9
- Salatino, A., Teixeira, É.W., & Negri, G. (2005). Origin and chemical variation of Brazilian propolis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(1), 33-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh06010.1093/ecam/neh060
- Salazar-Aranda, R., Pérez-Lopez, L.A., Lopez-Arroyo, J., Alanís-Garza, B.A., Waksman de Torres, N. (2011). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of plants from northeast of Mexico. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-6. DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep12710.1093/ecam/nep127
- Salonen, A., Saarnio, S., & Julkunen-Tiitto, R. (2012). Phenolic compounds of propolis from the boreal coniferous zone. Journal of Apicultural Science, 56(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10289-012-0002-110.2478/v10289-012-0002-1
- Sawaya, A.C.H.F., Calado, J.C.P., Santos, L. C., Marcucci, M.C., Akatsu, I.P., Soares, A.E.E., … Eberlin, M. N. (2009). Composition and antioxidant activity of propolis from three species of Scaptotrigona stingless bees. Journal of ApiProduct and ApiMedical Science, 1(2), 37-42. DOI: 10.3896/IBRA.4.01.2.0310.3896/IBRA.4.01.2.03
- Sforcin, J. M., & Bankova, V. (2011). Propolis: is there a potential for the development of new drugs? Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133(2), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.03210.1016/j.jep.2010.10.032
- Shruthi, E., & Suma, B.S. (2012). Health from the hive: potential uses of propolis in general health. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3(3), 159-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2012.3303310.4236/ijcm.2012.33033
- Sun, C., Wu, Z., Wang, Z., & Zhang, H. (2015). Effect of ethanol/water solvents on phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of Beijing propolis extracts. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015. 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/59539310.1155/2015/595393
- The Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia. (2011). Supplement II Indonesian Herbs Phamacopoeia. Edison I. Jakarta.
- Trusheva, B., Trunkova, D., & Bankova, V. (2007). Different extraction methods of biologically active components from propolis: a preliminary study. Chemistry Central Journal, 1(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-1-1310.1186/1752-153X-1-13