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Figure B1
Labor supply elasticities and average working hours
| Country | Labor supply elasticity | Average working hours of MW earners | Average working hours of non–MW earners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 0.048 | 31.4 | 36.8 |
| Bulgaria | 0.041 | 38.2 | 40.4 |
| Czechia | 0.045 | 37.7 | 40.9 |
| Germany | 0.123 | 29.8 | 37.9 |
| Estonia | 0.031 | 37.5 | 40.1 |
| Greece | 0.025 | 35.5 | 39.9 |
| Spain | 0.052 | 30.2 | 38.3 |
| France | 0.083 | 32.9 | 37.3 |
| Croatia | 0.005 | 39.0 | 40.7 |
| Hungary | 0.023 | 39.9 | 39.7 |
| Ireland | 0.092 | 30.5 | 34.3 |
| Lithuania | 0.048 | 37.4 | 39.6 |
| Luxembourg | 0.041 | 36.8 | 39.7 |
| Latvia | 0.037 | 38.0 | 40.2 |
| Malta | 0.056 | 31.3 | 39.6 |
| Netherlands | 0.046 | 28.2 | 33.3 |
| Poland | 0.025 | 37.2 | 41.0 |
| Portugal | 0.069 | 37.2 | 40.3 |
| Romania | 0.011 | 40.8 | 41.0 |
| Slovenia | 0.036 | 37.5 | 40.1 |
| Slovakia | 0.023 | 39.0 | 39.7 |
A summary of results at the EU level
| Median wage | Average wage | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50% of median wage | 55% of median wage | 60% of median wage | 40% of average wage | 45% of average wage | 50% of average wage | |
| Countries affected (of the 21 with a statutory national MW) | 9 MS: CZ, DE, EE, EL, HR, IE, LV, MT, NL | 15 MS: all but BG, ES, FR, PT, RO, SI | 19 MS: all but PT and BG | 6 MS: CZ, EE, HU, IE, LV, MT | 17 MS: all but ES, FR, PT, SI | 20 MS: all but PT |
| Number of workers affected | 5 million | 11 million | 22 million | 0.7 million | 12 million | 24 million |
| Increase in the EU wage bill (%) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.01 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| Impact on wage inequality (%) | −2 | −5 | −8 | −1 | −6 | −10 |
| Impact on in-work poverty (%) | −2 | −6 | −12 | −1 | −7 | −13 |
| Gender pay gap (%) | −0.7 | −2 | −5 | −0.2 | −2 | −5 |
| Impact on total employment (%) | −0.1 | −0.2 | −0.4 | −0.01 | −0.2 | −0.5 |
| Impact on labor supply (hours offered) (%) | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.17 |
Median number of hours worked by full-time employees
| Country | Median working hours |
|---|---|
| BE | 38 |
| FR | 38 |
| IE | 39 |
| All other 18 EU Member States with SMWs | 40 |
SMWs in the various scenarios
| Countries | Statutory MW | Hypothetical MW as a ratio of | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median wage | Average wage | ||||||
| 50% | 55% | 60% | 40% | 45% | 50% | ||
| Belgium | 1,594 | 1,584 | 1,742 | 1,900 | 1,434 | 1,613 | 1,792 |
| Bulgaria | 286 | 239 | 262 | 286 | 266 | 299 | 332 |
| Czechia | 519 | 580 | 638 | 695 | 545 | 613 | 681 |
| Germany | 1,557 | 1,680 | 1,848 | 2,016 | 1,537 | 1,729 | 1,921 |
| Estonia | 540 | 636 | 699 | 763 | 601 | 676 | 751 |
| Greece | 758 | 761 | 837 | 914 | 695 | 782 | 869 |
| Spain | 1,050 | 952 | 1,047 | 1,142 | 893 | 1,005 | 1,116 |
| France | 1,521 | 1,288 | 1,417 | 1,546 | 1,243 | 1,399 | 1,554 |
| Croatia | 506 | 510 | 561 | 611 | 478 | 538 | 598 |
| Hungary | 464 | 451 | 496 | 541 | 469 | 528 | 586 |
| Ireland | 1,656 | 1,886 | 2,074 | 2,263 | 1,757 | 1,977 | 2,196 |
| Lithuania | 555 | 538 | 591 | 645 | 532 | 598 | 665 |
| Luxembourg | 2,071 | 1,919 | 2,110 | 2,302 | 1,888 | 2,124 | 2,360 |
| Latvia | 430 | 470 | 517 | 564 | 470 | 529 | 588 |
| Malta | 762 | 871 | 958 | 1,045 | 798 | 898 | 997 |
| Netherlands | 1,616 | 1,662 | 1,828 | 1,994 | 1,545 | 1,738 | 1,931 |
| Poland | 523 | 505 | 555 | 606 | 506 | 570 | 633 |
| Portugal | 700 | 499 | 549 | 599 | 561 | 631 | 701 |
| Romania | 446 | 402 | 443 | 483 | 440 | 495 | 551 |
| Slovenia | 887 | 771 | 848 | 925 | 748 | 842 | 935 |
| Slovakia | 520 | 515 | 566 | 618 | 498 | 560 | 622 |
Difference in growth between SMWs and average wages from 2016 to 2019
| Country | (A) Nominal growth of SMW 2016–2019 (%) | (B) Average nominal wage growth 2016–2019 (%) | Difference between (A) and (B) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 4 | 7 | −3 |
| Bulgaria | 33 | 28 | 5 |
| Czechia | 44 | 24 | 20 |
| Germany | 8 | 9 | −1 |
| Estonia | 26 | 22 | 4 |
| Greece | 11 | 4 | 7 |
| Spain | 37 | 3 | 34 |
| France | 4 | 10 | −6 |
| Croatia | 22 | 14 | 8 |
| Hungary | 32 | 43 | −12 |
| Ireland | 7 | 10 | −3 |
| Lithuania | 46 | 66 | −20 |
| Luxembourg | 9 | 8 | 1 |
| Latvia | 16 | 26 | −10 |
| Malta | 5 | 12 | −7 |
| Netherlands | 6 | 5 | 2 |
| Poland | 27 | 19 | 8 |
| Portugal | 13 | 8 | 6 |
| Romania | 59 | 79 | −20 |
| Slovenia | 12 | 9 | 3 |
| Slovakia | 28 | 18 | 10 |