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Beyond Financial Inclusion: Reshaping the Regulatory Landscape for Virtual Banks Cover

Beyond Financial Inclusion: Reshaping the Regulatory Landscape for Virtual Banks

By: Sau Wai Law  
Open Access
|Jun 2025

Figures & Tables

Building a Technology-Centric Approach to Regulate Digital-only Banks_

PolicyObjectiveAction Plan
Proactive Risk Assessment Frameworks
  • • To identify and mitigate risks early, ensuring system stability and preventing crises.

  • • Develop dynamic risk assessment tools for AI, blockchain, and biometrics.

  • • Conduct regular audits and stress tests.

Ethical AI Governance
  • • To ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability in AI-driven financial services.

  • • Mandate ethical AI frameworks.

  • • Require transparency in AI decision-making processes.

Technology-Specific Regulatory Sandboxes
  • • To foster innovation while enabling regulators to understand and manage new technologies.

  • • Expand regulatory sandboxes for testing AI, blockchain, and biometrics.

  • • Refine policies based on observed outcomes.

Enhanced Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
  • • To protect customer data and maintain trust in digital banking systems.

  • • Implement mandatory encryption protocols.

  • • Establish real-time threat monitoring systems.

  • • Enforce strict biometric data protection.

Public Education and Transparency Initiatives
  • • To build public trust and ensure technology is seen as an enabler, not a barrier.

  • • Launch public education campaigns on technology benefits and risks.

  • • Ensure transparency in how customer data is used and protected.

Interoperability and Fair Competition Policies
  • • To ensure fair competition and seamless integration of technologies across the ecosystem.

  • • Enforce interoperability standards.

  • • Introduce policies to prevent monopolistic practices.

International Collaboration on Standards
  • • To address cross-border challenges and promote consistency in global financial regulation.

  • • Participate in international forums to harmonise technology-centric standards.

  • • Collaborate with global regulators on shared challenges.

Continuous Monitoring and Adaptive Regulation
  • • To stay ahead of technological advancements and address new risks promptly.

  • • Establish dedicated units to track emerging trends.

  • • Adapt regulations in real-time based on technological developments.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/irfc-2025-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2508-464X | Journal ISSN: 2508-3155
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 18
Submitted on: Nov 23, 2024
Accepted on: Mar 28, 2025
Published on: Jun 30, 2025
Published by: International Academy of Financial Consumers
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2025 Sau Wai Law, published by International Academy of Financial Consumers
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.