Barr L, Metaxas G, Harbach C A J, Savoy LA, Darbre PD (2012). Measurement of paraben concentrations in human breast tissue at serial locations across the breast from axilla to sternum. J Appl Toxicol32: 219–232.
Calafat AM, Ye X, Wong L-Y, Bishop AM, Needhem LL (2010). Urinary concentrations of four parabens in the U.S. population: NHANES 2005–2006. Environ Health Perspect118:679–685.
Charles AK, Darbre PD (2013). Combinations of parabens at concentrations measured in human breast tissue can increase proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Appl Toxicol33: 390–398.
Darbre PD, Harvey PW (2008). Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks. J Appl Toxicol28: 561–578.
Guo Y, Kannan K (2013). A survey of phthalates and parabens in personal care products from the United States and its implications for human exposure. Environ Sci Technol47: 14442–14449.
Hajizadeh Y, Kiani Feizabadi G, Feizi A (2021). Exposure to parabens through the use of personal care products among Iranian men. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol80: 587–600.
Kiani Feizabadi G, Hajizadeh Y, Feizi A, Ebrahimpour K (2020). Urinary concentrations of parabens amongst Iranian adults and their associations with socio-demographic factors. J Environ Health Sci Engineer18: 1227–1238.
Kim S, Min HS, Lee WJ, Choe S-A (2023). Occupational differences in personal care product use and urinary concentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals by gender. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol33: 312–318.
Lu D, Feng C, Wang D, Lin Y, Ip HS, She J, Xu Q, Wu C, Wang G, Zhou Z. (2015). Analysis of twenty phenolic compounds in human urine: hydrochloric acid hydrolysis, solid-phase extraction based on K2CO3-treated silica, and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem407: 4131–4141.
Mitra P, Chatterjee S, Paul N, Ghosh S, Das M (2021). An overview of endocrine disrupting chemical paraben and search for an alternative – A Review. Proc Zool Soc74:479–493.
Moos RK, Apel P, Schröter-Kermani C, Kolossa-Gehring M, Brüning T, Koch HM. (2017). Daily intake and hazard index of parabens based upon 24 h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2012. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol27: 591–600.
Sanchis Y, Coscollà C, Corpas-Burgos F, Vento M, Gormaz M, Yusa V (2020). Biomonitoring of bisphenols A, F, S and parabens in urine of breastfeeding mothers: Exposure and risk assessment. Environ Res185: 109481.
Smith KW, Braun JM, Williams PL, Ehrlich S, Correia FK, Calafat AM, Ye X, Ford J, Keller M, Meeker JD, Hauser R (2012). Predictors and variability of urinary paraben concentrations in men and women, including before and during pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect.120: 1538–1543.
Tapia JL, McDonough JC, Cauble EL, Gonzalez CG, Teteh DK, Treviño LS (2023). Parabens promote protumorigenic effects in luminal breast cancer cell lines with diverse genetic ancestry. J Endocr Soc7: 1–13 .
Toora BD, Rajagopal G (2002). Measurement of creatinine by Jaffe’s reaction--determination of concentration of sodium hydroxide required for maximum color development in standard, urine and protein free filtrate of serum. Indian J Exp Biol40: 352–354.
Vandenberg LN, Bugos J (2021). Assessing the public health implications of the food preservative propylparaben: has this chemical been safely used for decades. Curr Envir Health Rpt8: 54–70.
Ward JB, Casagrande SS, Cowie CC (2020). Urinary phenols and parabens and diabetes among US adults, NHANES 2005–2014. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis30: 768–776.
Ye X, Bishop AM, Reidy JA, Needham LL, Calafat AM (2006). Parabens as uri-nary biomarkers of exposure in humans. Environ Health Perspect114: 1843–1846.
Final amended report on the safety assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, and Benzylparaben as used in cosmetic products (2008). Int J Toxicol27 (Suppl 4): 1–82.
SCCS – Final Opinion on Methylparaben – European Commission [published 2023 Dec 15; cited 2024 Nov 12]. Available from: https://health.ec.europa.eu/latest-updates/sccs-final-opinion-methylparaben-2023-12-15_en.