References
- 1. Raghavan R, Shawar S. Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Interstitial Nephritis. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2017; 24(2): 64-71.10.1053/j.ackd.2016.11.00428284381
- 2. Perazella MA. Renal Vulnerability to Drug Toxicity. CJASN. 2009; 4(7): 1275-1283.10.2215/CJN.0205030919520747
- 3. Perazella MA. Drug-induced nephropathy: an update. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005; 4(4): 689-706.10.1517/14740338.4.4.68916011448
- 4. Markowitz GS, Perazella MA. Drug-induced renal failure: a focus on tubulointerstitial disease. Clin Chim Acta. 2005; 351(1-2): 31-47.10.1016/j.cccn.2004.09.00515563870
- 5. Rossert J. Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Kidney Int. 2001; 60(2): 804-817.10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.060002804.x11473672
- 6. Perazella MA, Markowitz GS: Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010; 6(8): 461-470.10.1038/nrneph.2010.7120517290
- 7. Wilson DM, Turner DR, Cameron JS, Ogg CS, Brown CB, Chantler C. Value of renal biopsy in acute intrinsic renal failure. Br Med J. 1976; 2(6033): 459-461.10.1136/bmj.2.6033.4591687565953608
- 8. Perazella MA. Diagnosing drug-induced AIN in the hospitalized patient: a challenge for the clinician. Clin Nephrol. 2014; 81(6): 381-388.10.5414/CN108301432685624691017
- 9. Nussbaum EZ, Perazella MA. Diagnosing acute interstitial nephritis: considerations for clinicians. Clin Kidney J. 2019; 12(6): 808-813.
- 10. Nast CC. Medication-Induced Interstitial Nephritis in the 21st Century. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2017; 24(2): 72-79.10.1053/j.ackd.2016.11.01628284382
- 11. Stillman IE Lima EQ Burdmann EA. Renal biopsies in acute kidney injury: who are we missing? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 3(3): 647-648.10.2215/CJN.0111030818385394
- 12. Raghavan R, Eknoyan G. Acute interstitial nephritis -a reappraisal and update. Clin Nephrol. 2014; 82(3): 149-162.10.5414/CN10838
- 13. Farrington K, Levison DA, Greenwood RN, Cattell WR, Baker LR. Renal biopsy in patients with unexplained renal impairment and normal kidney size. Q J Med. 1989; 70(263): 221-233.
- 14. Rossert JA, Fischer EA. Acute Interstitial Nephritis. În: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ (editori): Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, ediţia a 6-a, Elsevier. 2019; pag. 729-737.10.1016/B978-0-323-05876-6.00060-5
- 15. Muriithi AK, Leung N, Valeri AM, Cornell LD, Sethi S, Fidler ME, Nasr SH. Biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis, 1993-2011: a case series. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014; 64(4): 558-566.10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.04.02724927897
- 16. Moledina DG, Perazella MA. Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 12(12): 2046-2049.10.2215/CJN.07630717571827928893923
- 17. Praga M, Sevillano A, Auñón P, González E. Changes in the aetiology, clinical presentation and management of acute interstitial nephritis, an increasingly common cause of acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015; 30(9): 1472-1479.10.1093/ndt/gfu32625324356
- 18. Blank ML, Parkin L, Paul C, Herbison P. A nationwide nested case-control study indicates an increased risk of acute interstitial nephritis with proton pump inhibitor use. Kidney Int. 2014; 86(4): 837-844.10.1038/ki.2014.74418418724646856
- 19. Brewster UC, Perazella MA. Proton pump inhibitors and the kidney: critical review. Clin Nephrol. 2007; 68(2): 65-72.
- 20. Pusey CD, Saltissi D, Bloodworth L, Rainford DJ, Christie JL. Drug associated acute interstitial nephritis: clinical and pathological features and the response to high dose steroid therapy. Q J Med. 1983; 52(206): 194-211.
- 21. Nussbaum EZ, Perazella MA. Update on the nephrotoxicity of novel anticancer agents. Clin Nephrol 2018; 89(3): 149-165.10.5414/CN10937129350175
- 22. Perazella MA, Shirali AC. Nephrotoxicity of cancer immunotherapies: past, present and future. J Am Soc Nephrol; 29(8): 2039-2052.10.1681/ASN.2018050488606507929959196
- 23. Airy M, Raghavan R, Truong LD, Eknoyan G. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and cancer chemotherapy: update on a neglected clinical entity. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013; 28(10): 2502-2509.10.1093/ndt/gft24124009289
- 24. Muriithi AK, Leung N, Valeri AM, Cornell LD, Sethi S, Fidler ME, Nasr SH. Clinical characteristics, causes and outcomes of acute interstitial nephritis in the elderly. Kidney Int. 2015; 87(2): 458-464.10.1038/ki.2014.29425185078
- 25. Neilson EG. Pathogenesis and therapy of interstitial nephritis. Kidney Int. 1989; 35(5): 1257-1270.10.1038/ki.1989.118
- 26. Krishnan N, Perazella MA. Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis: pathology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2015; 9(1): 3-13.
- 27. Galpin JE, Shinaberger JH, Stanley TM, Blumenkrantz MJ, Bayer AS, Friedman GS, Montgomerie JZ, Guze LB, Coburn JW, Glassock RJ. Acute interstitial nephritis due to methicillin. Am J Med. 1978; 65(5): 756-765.10.1016/0002-9343(78)90793-3
- 28. Baldwin DS, Levine BB, McCluskey RT, Gallo GR. Renal failure and interstitial nephritis due to penicillin and methicillin. N Engl J Med. 1968; 279(23): 1245-1252.10.1056/NEJM196812052792302
- 29. Schubert C, Bates WD, Moosa MR. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis related to antituberculous drug therapy. Clin Nephrol. 2010; 73(6): 413-.10.5414/CNP73413
- 30. Praga M, Appel GB. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. UPTODATE 2018. Disponibil la: https://www.uptodate.com, accesat aprilie 2020.
- 31. Ten RM, Torres VE, Milliner DS, Schwab TR, Holley KE, Gleich GJ. Acute interstitial nephritis: immunologic and clinical aspects. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988; 63(9): 921-930.10.1016/S0025-6196(12)62697-4
- 32. Clive DM, Stoff JS. Renal syndromes associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med. 1984; 310(9): 563-572.10.1056/NEJM1984030131009056363936
- 33. Belliere J, Meyer N, Mazieres J, Ollier S, Boulinguez S, Delas A, Ribes D, Faguer S. Acute interstitial nephritis related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Cancer. 2016; 115(12): 1457-146.10.1038/bjc.2016.358515535827832664
- 34. Baker RJ, Pusey CD. The changing profile of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004; 19(1): 8-11.10.1093/ndt/gfg46414671029
- 35. Kodner CM, Kudrimoti A. Diagnosis and management of acute interstitial nephritis. Am Fam Physician. 2003; 67(12): 2527-2534.
- 36. Praga M, González E. Acute interstitial nephritis. Kidney Int. 2010; 77(11): 956-961.10.1038/ki.2010.8920336051
- 37. Saha H, Mustonen J, Helin H, Pasternack A. Limited value of the fractional excretion of sodium test in the diagnosis of acute renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1987; 2(2): 79-82.
- 38. Muriithi AK, Nasr SH, Leung N. Utility of urine eosinophils in the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013; 8(11):1857-1862.10.2215/CJN.01330213381789824052222
- 39. Espejo B, Herrero JC, Torres A, Martínez A, Gutiérrez E, Morales E, González E, Bueno B, Valentín MO, Praga M. Immunoallergic interstitial nephritis vs. cholesterol atheroembolism. Differentiating characteristics. Nefrologia. 2003; 23(2): 125-130.
- 40. Hiraoka M Hori C Tsuchida S Tsukahara H Sudo M Ultrasonographic findings of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Am J Nephrol. 1996; 16(2): 154-158.10.1159/000168989
- 41. Linton AL, Richmond JM, Clark WF, et al. Gallium67 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute renal disease. Clin Nephrol. 1985; 24(2): 84-87.
- 42. Koselj M Kveder R Bren AF Rott T Acute renal failure in patients with drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Ren Fail. 1993; 15(1): 69-72.10.3109/08860229309065575
- 43. Graham F, Lord M, Froment D, Cardinal H, Bollée G. The use of gallium-67 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. Clin Kidney J. 2016; 9(1): 76-81.10.1093/ckj/sfv129
- 44. Eknoyan G Raghavan R Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. În: Coffman T, Falk R, Molitoris B, Neilson E, Schrier RW (editori). Schrier’s Diseases of the Kidney. Ediţia a 9-a. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams&Wilkins. 2013; pag.994-1017.
- 45. Schwarz A, Krause PH, Kunzendorf U, Keller F, Distler A. The outcome of acute interstitial nephritis: risk factors for the transition from acute to chronic interstitial nephritis. Clin Nephrol. 2000; 54(3): 179-190.
- 46. Fernandez-Juarez G, Perez JV, Caravaca-Fontán F, Quintana L, Shabaka A, Rodriguez E, Gadola L, de Lorenzo A, Cobo MA, Oliet A, Sierra M, Cobelo C, Iglesias E, Blasco M, Galeano C, Cordon A, Oliva J, Praga M, Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases (GLOSEN). Duration of treatment with corticosteroids and recovery of kidney function in acute interstitial nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018; 13(12): 1851-1858.10.2215/CJN.01390118
- 47. Preddie DC, Markowitz GS, Radhakrishnan J, Nickolas TL, D’Agati VD, Schwimmer JA, Gardenswartz M, Rosen R, Appel GB. Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of interstitial nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006; 1(4): 718-722.10.2215/CJN.01711105
- 48. Forgacs I, Loganayagam A. Overprescribing proton pump inhibitors. BMJ. 2008; 336(7634): 2-3.10.1136/bmj.39406.449456.BE
- 49. Ruffenach SJ, Siskind MS, Lien YH. Acute interstitial nephritis due to omeprazole. Am J Med. 1992; 93(4): 472-473.10.1016/0002-9343(92)90181-A
- 50. Torpey N, Barker T, Ross C. Drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis secondary to proton pump inhibitors: experience from a single UK renal unit. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004; 19(6): 1441-1446.10.1093/ndt/gfh13715004262
- 51. Geevasinga N, Kairaitis L, Rangan GK, Coleman PL. Acute interstitial nephritis secondary to esomeprazole. Med J Aust. 2005; 182(5): 235-236.10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06675.x15748135
- 52. Geevasinga N, Coleman PL, Roger SD. Rabeprazole-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Nephrology (Carlton). 2005; 10(1): 7-9.10.1111/j.1440-1797.2005.00365.x15705174
- 53. Klassen S, Krepinsky JC, Prebtani AP. Pantoprazole-induced acute interstitial nephritis. CMAJ. 2013; 185(1): 56-59.10.1503/cmaj.120954353778023109611
- 54. Moledina DG, Perazella MA. PPIs and kidney disease: from AIN to CKD. J Nephrol. 2016; 29(5): 611-616.10.1007/s40620-016-0309-227072818
- 55. Sampathkumar K, Ramalingam R, Prabakar A, Abraham A. Acute interstitial nephritis due to proton pump inhibitors. Indian J Nephrol. 2013; 23(4): 304-307.10.4103/0971-4065.114487374197923960351
- 56. Antoniou T, Macdonald EM, Hollands S, Gomes T, Mamdani MM, Garg AX, Paterson M, Juurlink DN. Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of acute kidney injury in older patients: a population-based cohort study. CMAJO. 2015; 3(2): E166-E171.10.9778/cmajo.20140074457183026389094
- 57. Simpson IJ, Marshall MR, Pilmore H, Manley P, Williams L, Thein H, Voss D. Proton pump inhibitors and acute interstitial nephritis: report and analysis of 15 cases. Nephrology (Carlton). 2006; 11(5): 381-385.10.1111/j.1440-1797.2006.00651.x17014549
- 58. Geevasinga N, Coleman PL, Webster AC, Roger SD. Proton pump inhibitors and acute interstitial nephritis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006; 4(5): 597-604.10.1016/j.cgh.2005.11.00416630752
- 59. Morschel CF, Mafra D, Eduardo JCC. The relationship between proton pump inhibitors and renal disease. J Bras Nefrol. 2018; 40(3): 301-306.10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0021653396030010692
- 60. Ball S, Cook T, Hulme B, Palmer A, Taube D. The diagnosis and racial origin of 394 patients undergoing renal biopsy: An association between Indian race and interstitial nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997; 12(1): 71-77.10.1093/ndt/12.1.719027776
- 61. Manika K, Tasiopoulou K, Vlogiaris L, Lada M, Papaemmanouil S, Zarogoulidis K, Kioumis I. Rifampicin-associated acute renal failure and hemolysis: a rather uncommon but severe complication. Ren Fail. 2013; 35(8): 1179-1181.10.3109/0886022X.2013.81556723883374
- 62. De Vriese AS, Robbrecht DL, Vanholder RC, Vogelaers DP, Lameire NH. Rifampicin-associated acute renal failure: pathophysiologic, immunologic, and clinical features. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998; 31(1): 108-115.10.1053/ajkd.1998.v31.pm94284609428460
- 63. Muthukumar T, Jayakumar M, Fernando EM, Muthusethupathi MA. Acute renal failure due to rifampicin: a study of 25 patients. Am J kidney Dis. 2002; 14(4): 690-696.10.1053/ajkd.2002.3567512324902
- 64. Ortiz A, Barat A, Oliva H. Acute kidney failure induced by rifampicin. Nefrologia. 2001; 21(1): 92-94.
- 65. Min HK, Kim EO, Lee SJ, Chang YK, Suh KS, Yang CW, Kim SY, Hwang HS. Rifampin-associated tubulointersititial nephritis and Fanconi syndrome presenting as hypokalemic paralysis. BMC Nephrol. 2013; 14:13.10.1186/1471-2369-14-13355835123320835
- 66. Alper AB Jr, Meleg-Smith S, Krane NK. Nephrotic syndrome and interstitial nephritis associated with celecoxib. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002; 40(5): 1086-1090.10.1053/ajkd.2002.3634912407655
- 67. Andrews PA, Sampson SA. Topical non-steroidal drugs are systemically absorbed and may cause renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999; 14(1): 187-189.10.1093/ndt/14.1.18710052505
- 68. Krummel T, Dimitrov Y, Moulin B, Hannedouche T. Drug points: Acute renal failure induced by topical ketoprofen. BMJ. 2000; 320(7227): 93.10.1136/bmj.320.7227.932725610625264
- 69. Kikuchi H, Aoyagi M, Nagahama K, Yajima Y, Yamamura Co, Arai Y, Hirasawa S, Aki S, Inaba N, Tanaka H, Tamura T. Case Report: Nephrotic-range Proteinuria and Interstitial Nephritis Associated with the Use of a Topical Loxoprofen Patch. Intern Med. 2014; 53(11): 1131-1135.10.2169/internalmedicine.53.166924881736
- 70. Lucas GNC, Leitão ACC, Alencar RL, Xavier RMF, Daher EF, Silva Junior GBD. Pathophysiological aspects of nephropathy caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Bras Nefrol. 2019; 41(1): 124-130.10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0107
- 71. Jung JH, Kang KP, Kim W, Park SK, Lee S. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug induced acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis. BMC Res Notes. 2015; 8:793.10.1186/s13104-015-1788-2468114226674186
- 72. Clive DM, Stoff JS. Renal syndromes associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med. 1984; 310(9): 563-572.10.1056/NEJM1984030131009056363936
- 73. Mohammed EP, Stevens JM. Recurrence of Arthrotec-associated nephrotic syndrome with re-challenge. Clin Nephrol. 2000; 53(6): 483-485.
- 74. Ejaz P, Bhojani K, Joshi VR. NSAIDs and Kidney. JAPI. 2004; 52: 632-640.
- 75. Nawaz FA, Larsen CP, Troxell ML. Membranous Nephropathy and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents. AJKD. Kidney Biopsy Teaching Case. 2013; 62(5): 1012-1017.
- 76. Feinfeld DA, Olesnicky L, Pirani CL, Appel GB. Nephrotic syndrome associated with use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Case report and review of the literature. Nephron. 1984; 37(3): 174-179.10.1159/0001832396738768
- 77. Harirforoosh S, Asghar W, Jamali F. Adverse effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an update of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal complications. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013; 16(5): 821-847.10.18433/J3VW2F