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Offence Under Article 244C of the Polish Penal Code as an Example of Disproportionate Criminal Liability for Debt Cover

Offence Under Article 244C of the Polish Penal Code as an Example of Disproportionate Criminal Liability for Debt

By: Jan Kluza  
Open Access
|Oct 2025

Abstract

The subject of the article is an original presentation of the crime specified in Article 244c of the Penal Code. Based on the amendment to the Penal Code of 2022, which entered into force a year later, a new type of crime was introduced under Article 244c of the Penal Code. Pursuant to it, a perpetrator who avoids implementing a compensatory measure in favour of the injured party or a person closest to them is subject to imprisonment. The rationality of this solution raises fundamental doubts, as it ignores other regulations provided for in the Penal Code, as well as the fact that the person to whom a compensatory measure has been awarded may pursue it through civil enforcement.

Language: English
Page range: 29 - 40
Published on: Oct 2, 2025
Published by: Lazarski University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Jan Kluza, published by Lazarski University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.