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        <title>Ius Novum Feed</title>
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            <title><![CDATA[Protection of Personal Data in the Information Society: Selected Issues]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0030</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article discusses key issues related to the processing of personal data in an era of dynamic technological development. The authors point out that modern societies, characterised by the circulation of information and new media, face a growing threat of surveillance, both by states and by global private entities. The fundamental human right to privacy therefore requires special protection in circumstances in which personal data have become an economic resource of considerable importance. The aim of the article is to identify and analyse the most significant threats to personal data protection in the information society and to assess the adequacy of the existing legal framework. The study applies the dogmatic legal method, involving an analysis of legal acts, case law and legal scholarship, supplemented by elements of the comparative method. The article discusses four main challenges. The first is artificial intelligence, whose development offers innovative potential but also entails the risk of a loss of individual autonomy. The European Union was the first jurisdiction in the world to introduce the AI Act, which lays down rules governing the use of AI systems and their compliance with the GDPR. The second issue is profiling and scoring, namely automated decision-making, often used in finance or insurance, which raises concerns about discrimination and a lack of human oversight. The third challenge is social media, through which users voluntarily share large amounts of data, often unknowingly disclosing sensitive information. The final issue concerns monitoring and the use of biometric devices, which require strict compliance with the principles of consent, data minimisation and purpose limitation. The analysis leads to the conclusion that effective personal data protection in the information society requires legal regulations, such as the GDPR and the AI Act, to be combined with their effective enforcement in order to maintain a balance between technological development and individual rights.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Principle of Unconditional Access to Documents of EU Institutions and its Limitation on the Grounds of Personal Data Protection]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0033</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[As is apparent from Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents, the procedure for providing access to documents of EU institutions is governed by numerous rules intended to organise it and ensure its proper operation, with a view to protecting the interests of those who seek access to a particular type of public documentation. Among them, the principle of unconditional access to public documents, laid down in Article 6(1), occupies an important place. The primary purpose of this study is to discuss the essence of this principle, its significance from the perspective of individuals seeking information, and its limitation arising from the need to ensure the protection of personal data.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[‘The Capacity for Aggregation’ of a Conditionally Suspended Custodial Sentence Whose Execution is Inadmissible]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0027</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The research purpose of this study was to determine whether it is possible to include, within the framework of an aggregate sentence, a conditionally suspended custodial sentence in respect of which no order for execution was issued within the permissible time limit. In the considerations carried out, in which mainly the formal-dogmatic method of legal research was used, and reference was also made to selected judicial positions, an attempt was made to bring out the fundamental arguments supporting the view that negates such a possibility. This is also the view currently presented in the case law of the Supreme Court. In confronting the selected group of arguments, it was found that they are not sufficiently convincing to justify the uncritical adoption of such a position. As a result of the analyses carried out, the conclusion was drawn that there are no contraindications, in light of the currently applicable rules for imposing an aggregate sentence, to including the sentence referred to in the title within its framework, provided that the conditions determined by a real concurrence of offences are met. At the same time, this article seeks to signal and justify the need for further regulation of the issue under consideration by clarifying the normative message in this regard by the legislator.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Limits of Legitimate Interests as a Legal Basis for Processing in Large Language Models: An Analysis Under the GDPR and EDPB Opinion 28/2024]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0031</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The aim of this article is to assess the admissibility of relying on the ‘legitimate interests pursued by the controller’ under Article 6(1)(f) GDPR as a legal basis for the processing of personal data in large language models. The analysis is conducted, inter alia, in light of EDPB Opinion 28/2024, the positions adopted by national supervisory authorities (CNIL, Garante and AEPD), and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, using the doctrinal legal analysis and systematic interpretation.The findings indicate that reliance on Article 6(1)(f) GDPR for the training of LLMs may give rise to substantial difficulties in demonstrating the necessity of the processing and carrying out the balancing test, and may conflict with the principles of data minimisation and transparency. EDPB Opinion 28/2024 does not rule out reliance on this legal basis but requires a case-by-case assessment of its application at both the development and deployment stages, taking into account the nature and source of the data, the reasonable expectations of data subjects and the safeguards implemented.The author concludes that reliance on this legal basis may be particularly difficult in the case of large-scale model training using data obtained from external sources, whereas at the inference stage it may be easier to demonstrate the limited and predictable nature of the processing. In each case, the applicable transparency requirements must be met, mechanisms enabling data subjects to exercise their rights must be provided, and the availability of alternative legal bases, such as consent or compliance with a legal obligation, must be assessed.]]></description>
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            <title><![CDATA[The Concept of Environmental Crime]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0028</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article is a theoretical and dogmatic study of the environmental crime within the framework of the current Polish legal system. Taking the concept of environmental criminal law as a starting point, the author, based on a formal-dogmatic analysis of the provisions of criminal law, presents an explanation and systematisation of the analysed concept.The main research problem concerns the sphere of criminal law-making in the strict sense (liability for offences) in the area of the criminal-law protection of the environment, taking into account the administrative accessoriness of criminal law norms. The analysis carried out supports the hypothesis that the concept of an environmental c rime is determined by the direct identification, in the statutory description of the elements of the type of prohibited act, of a violation of, or threat to, the environment as a legal interest.On the basis of the foregoing considerations, the author further concludes that the generic object of protection in environmental crimes is admittedly the primary criterion distinguishing these crimes from other offences. Nevertheless, in this area, it is justified to introduce a specific typology which, due to the particular features of acts harmful to the environment, makes it possible to distinguish an offence against the environment sensu stricto from a regulatory offence in the field of environmental protection.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Main Problems Associated with Imposing Restrictions on Individual Rights and Freedoms During a State of Epidemic and a State of Epidemic Threat]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0034</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Although three years have passed since the end of the state of epidemic in Poland, no lessons have yet been learned from the mistakes made at that time. The Act on Preventing and Combating Infections and Infectious Diseases in Humans still contains solutions consistently regarded as defective in the case-law and legal scholarship. The government continues to have the power to shape restrictions on civil rights and freedoms freely by means of regulations issued on the basis of blanket statutory delegations, with only limited effective judicial review. This article discusses the principal legal flaws in the existing arrangements and proposes ways of remedying them by limiting the range of permissible restrictions, supplementing statutory delegations with safeguards restricting the government’s excessive regulatory discretion, and strengthening judicial review of epidemic regulations.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Liquid For Electronic Cigarettes As An Excise Good]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0025</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Under Polish excise legislation, liquid for electronic cigarettes is classified as an excise good. This regulatory solution is not uniformly applied across the Member States of the European Union and does not result from obligations imposed by EU harmonisation directives. This article undertakes a doctrinal and systemic analysis of the statutory construction that defines liquid for e-cigarettes as a separate category of excise goods. The research hypothesis, requiring further doctrinal verification, assumes that the current legal definition of liquid for e-cigarettes does not accurately reflect the essential characteristics of a product subject to excise duty. The study therefore seeks to identify the nature and scope of legislative deficiencies, assess their significance for the interpretation and application of excise legislation, evaluate whether the statutory definition captures the substantive essence of the regulated excise good, and examine the internal and external systemic coherence of the defining provision from both horizontal and vertical perspectives.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Discrimination in the Digital Workplace: New Manifestations and Responses]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0036</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Advances in AI tools and algorithmic systems have significantly reshaped the modern workplace, presenting new challenges to achieving equality and non-discrimination in workplace relations. Machine-learning algorithms are being adopted in recruitment, employee assessment, work assignment, performance monitoring, and termination. Although these technologies enable greater efficiency and consistency, they also create risks of algorithmic discrimination, which may occur unintentionally and be difficult to detect and challenge legally. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which existing international legal instruments effectively regulate employment relations in the context of algorithmic discrimination and to identify gaps in the law that should be addressed through further development. The research adopts a doctrinal and socio-legal approach, drawing on doctrinal legal analysis of international legal instruments, qualitative thematic analysis of academic literature, comparative legal analysis, and a study of judicial and quasi-judicial practice concerning employment decisions made with the assistance of AI and platform work. The results show that international standards provide a valuable normative baseline for safeguarding workers against discrimination but are currently fragmented and inadequately tailored to algorithmic decision-making. The study introduces an original six-component typology of algorithmic discrimination, covering historical-structural, data-selection and measurement, proxy-based, design-and-policy, deployment-and-governance, and emergent-group discrimination. It also establishes a three-part test for algorithmic discrimination, comprising the use of an AI-assisted decision, a differential or disproportionate impact on employees, and a lack of transparency, explainability and meaningful human review.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Finding the ‘Golden Mean’ in the EU Airport Slot Scheme: Balancing Interests of Airlines, Airports, and Member States]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0035</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/in-2026-0035</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article explores the legal challenges and regulatory intricacies surrounding the allocation of airport slots in the European Union under Regulation No 95/93, focusing on the evolving role of these slots beyond mere capacity management. The author analyses the conflicts between stakeholders – including airlines, airports, and Member States – and discusses the potential for slots to serve additional EU policy goals related to environmental concerns, competition dynamics, and shifting consumer expectations. The article concludes with recommendations for improving the current regulatory framework, advocating an optimal margin in slot allocation that accommodates these diverse interests while ensuring the continued efficiency of the aviation sector.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Reviewer in Habilitation Proceedings in the Discipline of Legal Sciences]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0029</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article examines various aspects of the regulations on reviewers laid down in the Act of 20 July 2018 – Law on Higher Education and Science, in proceedings for the conferral of the postdoctoral degree of doktor habilitowany (dr hab.) [Doctor habilitatus] in the discipline of legal sciences. The analysis covers the concept of ‘reviewer’, their qualifications and role in these proceedings, the obstacles to obtain a reviewer status, and the acquisition and loss of that status. Given the requirement for high-quality reviews, it is not sufficient for a reviewer merely to represent the discipline of legal sciences; rather, they must represent the science of law or the branch of law to which the achievements of the applicant for the degree of doktor habilitowany relate. This is linked to the requirement that a reviewer appointed to evaluate achievements in a different science or branch of law from that in which they are involved should submit to the entity that appointed them a request to be released from their reviewing duties.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Age Limits of Criminal Liability of a Minor Under the 1997 Penal Code]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0026</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/in-2026-0026</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The subject of this study is the issue of age as a threshold for the criminal liability of minors in Polish criminal law. The considerations include a historical part concerning the evolution of criminal liability and a contemporary part containing an analysis of the currently applicable legal provisions. They are supplemented by remarks on proposals for amendments to Article 10 §§ 2–3 of the Penal Code put forward by the Criminal Law Codification Commission. Particular attention is devoted to considerations concerning the amendment of Article 10 of the Penal Code, as a result of which Article 10 § 2a of the Penal Code was added, enabling criminal liability to be imposed on 14-year-olds. The article presents arguments supporting the legitimacy of the changes introduced, as well as critical views on this regulation. The aim of the analysis is to determine whether the changes introduced as a result of the 2022 amendment to the Penal Code should be assessed positively. The considerations presented in the study allow for the formulation of the thesis that the criminal liability of 14-year-old perpetrators of the most serious crimes is unjustified and that a change in this matter is necessary. The isolation of such a young offender in a penal institution does not support their rehabilitation and social integration.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Personal Assistance as an Element of the Constitutional Protection of the Rights of the Individual]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0032</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/in-2026-0032</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article analyses standards for the protection of an individual’s rights in cases concerning personal assistance for people with disabilities, as developed in the case law of administrative courts. The study aims to demonstrate that, despite the programme-based and optional nature of this form of support, administrative courts consistently limit the discretion of commune authorities by strengthening the obligation to apply constitutional and procedural guarantees for the protection of individuals. The article argues that the case law of administrative courts leads to the gradual constitutionalisation of personal assistance, which is increasingly treated as an element of the standard for the protection of the dignity, independence and equal treatment of people with disabilities. The analysis covers competence relations within the commune, the obligation to issue administrative decisions and the importance of review by administrative courts. The methods employed in the study include the dogmatic legal method and an analysis of the case law of provincial administrative courts, supplemented by elements of constitutional interpretation. The article also assesses proposed statutory solutions and presents de lege ferenda proposals.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Pegasus Software and Fair Criminal Proceedings]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0016</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/in-2026-0016</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The study discusses the functionalities of programmes created to provide special services with the possibility of taking control of mobile devices. By presenting cases of the use of such systems for political purposes and by describing a situation in which incriminating material was fabricated through the use of such systems, the author argues that there is a need for increased judicial oversight of the secret services’ activities and for a change in the approach taken by criminal trial authorities to material secured in terminal devices. In view of the possibilities offered by spyware, such material may serve as the basis for findings unfavourable to the accused only after external interference has been excluded, which is all the more difficult because the activities of the secret services are covered by secrecy. The aim of this article is to initiate a discussion on the use of material obtained from the memory of mobile devices in criminal proceedings and to consider the direction in which changes to the law should be undertaken in order to reduce the related threats to fair proceedings.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Criminal Liability of Juveniles in Ancient Rome]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0017</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/in-2026-0017</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In 2022, the Act on the Support and Rehabilitation of Juveniles was enacted. It introduced new age limits determining the responsibility of minors for criminal acts. In the ongoing public debate on these regulations, legal-historical arguments have been lacking. The aim of this article is to present the principles of criminal responsibility in Roman law, with particular focus on juveniles. The research was carried out on preserved source material using the dogmatic method, which presupposes a logical-linguistic analysis of the source text, taking into account the principles of interpretation, and the historical-legal method, which serves to show the genesis and development of the institution in question. The analyses carried out show that, in Roman law, the perpetrator’s awareness and understanding of the act committed were of greater importance for criminal responsibility than merely having automatically crossed a particular age threshold. The considerations presented are not only significant for the history of law, but also constitute a – hitherto neglected – voice in the discussion on the criminal responsibility of minors in contemporary Polish law.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Criterion of Significant Contribution to the Development of a Specific Discipline in Habilitation Proceedings]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0020</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/in-2026-0020</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article is an original research paper concerning the interpretation of one of the prerequisites for conferring the academic degree of habilitated doctor in Poland, i.e. the prerequisite of making a significant contribution to the development of a specific scientific discipline. Starting from the statement of ambiguity of the provision formulating this prerequisite, the author indicates possible ways of understanding that provision, and then determines which interpretation, in the light of recognised methods of legal interpretation, should be regarded as appropriate. The aim of the research is to prove the main thesis that the aforementioned prerequisite, contrary to widespread practice, should be understood as meaning that the contribution to the development of the discipline must be made by the habilitation candidate’s entire body of work, and not by the main work alone. In this respect, the author’s findings are original in nature, as this view, although already presented to a limited extent in the literature, has not been substantiated in detail to date. The results of the research conducted may be of significant importance for the functioning of the system of scientific promotions in Poland, as they have the potential to modify the current practice of reviewers and bodies participating in habilitation proceedings.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[‘Intervention’ Draft Amendment to the Penal Code in the Context of Changes Made to Criminal Law Pursuant to the Act of 7 July 2022 (Selected Problems)]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0013</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study examines the changes in substantive criminal law already made and planned for the years 2022–2025. The starting point for the analysis is the issue of the motives for and scope of the changes introduced to the Penal Code under the Act of 7 July 2022, which radically tightened criminal liability, significantly increasing the level of punitiveness of criminal law, while being based on an unreliable diagnosis of the reality concerning the picture of crime. In this context, proposals for a corrective and, at the same time, interventionist amendment to the Penal Code of 14 June 2024, presented by the Criminal Law Codification Commission, are discussed. Expressing a positive opinion on the proposed changes, it is considered that their scope is narrow, and the need to undertake work on the preparation of a new Penal Code in the near future is indicated. Following the comments made on the draft amendments to the Penal Code prepared by the Codification Commission, a proposal for the government draft amendment to the Penal Code of 28 October 2024 (UD 153), developed on the basis of the draft of the Criminal Law Codification Commission and adopted by the Council of Ministers on 15 July 2025, is presented. Although the direction of changes in both drafts is similar, not all solutions proposed by the Codification Commission received government support. The final part of the study indicates those proposals of the Codification Commission that were rejected by the government, which points to a very narrow, albeit necessary, scope of the proposed amendment. Nevertheless, in the opinion of the author of the study, the proposed changes presented in the draft significantly increase the court’s discretion in the imposition of punishment and may contribute to the rationalisation of the administration of justice.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Criminal Liability for Accepting a Commission to Commit Murder]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0014</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article examines issues of criminal liability arising from the acceptance of a commission to commit murder, as provided for in Article 148a § 1 of the Polish Penal Code. The newly introduced offence has been justified as a means of strengthening the protection of human life at a stage preceding conduct that directly endangers it. However, the interpretation of its statutory elements gives rise to serious doubts as to the justification for its operation within the Polish legal order. The purpose of this study is to identify the principal deficiencies of the offence and to assess whether its incorporation into the Penal Code was justified. The analysis addresses, in particular, the omission of criminalisation in cases where the acceptance occurs without remuneration, the potential tension with the principle cogitationis poenam nemo patitur, and the difficulty of distinguishing remunerated acceptance of a commission to commit murder from preparation to commit murder. The conclusions support the view that the criminalisation of accepting a commission to commit murder should be reconsidered and, ultimately, repealed.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Complaint About Inaction Regarding Failure to Adopt the Municipal General Plan]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0018</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/in-2026-0018</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This study, based on a formal-dogmatic approach and doctrinal interpretation of legal texts, aims to clarify doubts related to the 2023 reform of spatial planning and development in Poland, arising from the new legal institution introduced as part of this reform: the municipal general plan. Specifically, the text analyses the admissibility of judicial review of these spatial planning acts, and in particular the possibility of effectively initiating proceedings before an administrative court in a case arising from a complaint concerning the inaction of a municipal body in failing to adopt a municipal general plan, as well as the admissibility of a public-law claim concerning the municipality’s inclusion of optional elements in the general plan, particularly the development supplementation area, which is crucial to the issuance of decisions on development conditions. This analysis is expectation that these issues will soon arise in the adjudicatory practice of administrative courts. Therefore, it is worth considering now the issue of judicial review of municipal general plans, which must be adopted in each municipality by 30 June 2026.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Attorney of a Person Who Is Not a Party to Preparatory Proceedings]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0015</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">/article/10.2478/in-2026-0015</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The subject of this study is an analysis of the current issue of refusing to allow the attorney of a person who is not a party to participate in preparatory proceedings on the basis of the evaluative and unclear grounds set out in Article 87 § 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, combined with the lack of any possibility of appealing to the court against the prosecutor’s decision refusing permission in this respect, which does not meet constitutional and international standards. De lege ferenda, it is proposed that the cited provision be amended, which will eliminate the above violations.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Right of an Employee to a Day Off Granted in Connection with Religious Holidays Not Regulated in the Act on Public Holidays]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/in-2026-0023</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article is devoted to issues relating to the right of employees belonging to churches and religious associations in Poland to be released from work in order to celebrate religious holidays other than those listed by the legislator in the Act on Public Holidays. The issue under consideration is also inextricably linked with respect for rights and freedoms and the prohibition of discrimination against every individual; therefore, the author also presents the most important regulations in this area. In undertaking a legal analysis of an employee’s right to celebrate religious holidays observed in their faith, the author sought to determine the extent to which current legal solutions and case law safeguard against discrimination on religious and worldview grounds, and the extent to which they permit the restriction of these rights on account of the interests of others, including employers. The subject matter of the analysis is supplemented by views expressed in legal doctrine, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.]]></description>
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