Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Anti-LW masquerading as anti-D in a D+ patient Cover

Anti-LW masquerading as anti-D in a D+ patient

Paid access
|Mar 2025

❗ Available for purchase in USD only.

References

  1. Landsteiner K, Wiener AS. An agglutinable factor in human blood recognized by immune sera for rhesus blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1940;43:223.
  2. Bailly P, Hermand P, Callebaut I, et al. The LW blood group glycoprotein is homologous to intercellular adhesion molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994;91:5306–10.
  3. Daniels G. Functions of red cell surface proteins. Vox Sang 2007;93:331–40.
  4. Zennadi R, Moeller BJ, Whalen EJ, et al. Epinephrine-induced activation of LW-mediated sickle cell adhesion and vaso-occlusion in vivo. Blood 2007;110:2708–17.
  5. Mallinson G, Martin PG, Anstee DJ, et al. Identification and partial characterization of the human erythrocyte membrane component(s) that express the antigens of the LW blood-group system. Biochem J 1986;234:649–52.
  6. Gibbs MB. The quantitative relationship of the Rh-like (LW) and D antigens of human erythrocytes. Nature 1966;210:642–3.
  7. Zignego AL, Giannini C and Ferri C. Hepatitis C virus-related lymphoproliferative disorders: an overview. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:2467-78.
  8. Becker N, Schnitzler P, Boffetta P, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection and risk of lymphoma: results of a serological analysis within the European case-control study Epilymph. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012;138:1993-2001.
  9. Chown B, Kaita H, Lowen B, Lewis M. Transient production of anti-LW by LW-positive people. Transfusion 1971;11:220–2.
  10. DeVeber LL, Clark GW, Hunking M, Stroup M. Maternal anti-LW. Transfusion 1971;11:33–5.
  11. Vos GH, Petz LD, Garratty G, Fudenberg HH. Autoantibodies in acquired hemolytic anemia with special reference to the LW system. Blood 1973;42:445–53.
  12. Perkins HA, McIlroy M, Swanson J, Kadin M. Transient LW-negative red blood cells and anti-LW in a patient with Hodgkin’s disease. Vox Sang 1977;33:299–303.
  13. Napier JAF, Rowe GP. Transfusion significance of LWa allo-antibodies. Vox Sang 1987;53:228–30.
  14. Azar PM, Ogawa S, Yasuda T, Yahara S, Hosoi T, Sugihara C. The LW blood group-transient LW(–) case report. Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai Zasshi 1989;35:387–91.
  15. Devenish A. An example of anti-LWa in a 10-month-old infant. Immunohematology 1994;10:127–9.
  16. Komatsu F, Kajiwara M. Transient depression of LWa antigen with coincident production of anti-LWa repeated in relapses of malignant lymphoma. Transfus Med 1996;6:139–43.
  17. Vaglio S, Perrone MP, Arista MC, Laurenti L, Girelli G. Anti-D in a D-positive patient: autoantibody or alloantibody? Blood Transfus 2007;5:44.
  18. Miola MP, Cervo SV, Fachini RM, Ricci O Jr. Do not confuse anti-LW autoantibodies with anti-D. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2013;35:198.
  19. Shin S, Seo JY, Choi S, Chun S, Cho D. Anti-LW showing anti-D mimicking specificity: a case report. Korean J Blood Transfus 2017;28:77–81.
  20. Hassan MN, Zulkafli Z, Wanik CFC, et al. Anti-D in RhD positive patient: auto anti-D or anti-LW? Galen Med J 2021;32:128–30.
  21. Chae S, Kim KB, Yu H, et al. Three cases of anti-LW antibody identification at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Korean J Blood Transfus 2022;33:39–45.
  22. Lopez GH, Wilson B, Millard GM, et al. A new high-prevalence LW antigen detected by an antibody in an indigenous Australian homozygous for LW*A c.309C>A variant. Vox Sang 2022;117:958–65.
  23. Celano MJ, Levine P. Anti-LW specificity in autoimmune acquired hemolytic anemia. Transfusion 1967;7:265–8.
  24. Enko D, Habres C, Wallner F, Mayr B, Halwachs-Baumann G. Frequencies and specificities of “enzyme-only” detected erythrocyte alloantibodies in patients hospitalized in austria: is an enzyme test required for routine red blood cell antibody screening? J Blood Transfus 2014;2014:532919.
  25. Konigshaus GJ, Holland TI. The effect of dithiothreitol on the LW antigen. Transfusion 1984;24:536–7.
  26. Giles CM, Lundsgaard A. A complex serological investigation involving LW. Vox Sang 1967;13:406–16.
  27. Lomas CG, Tippett P. Use of enzymes in distinguishing anti-LWa and anti-LWab from anti-D. Med Lab Sci 1985;42:88–9.
  28. Herron R, Bell A, Poole J, Clark M, Smith DS, Hamblin TJ. Reduced survival of isotope-labelled Rh(D)-negative donor red cells in a patient with anti-LWab. Vox Sang 1986;51:314–7.
  29. Chaplin H, Hunter VL, Rosche ME, Shirey RS. Long-term in vivo survival of Rh(D)-negative donor red cells in a patient with anti-LW. Transfusion 1985;25:39–43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/immunohematology-2025-0004 | Journal eISSN: 1930-3955 | Journal ISSN: 0894-203X
Language: English
Page range: 11 - 16
Published on: Mar 26, 2025
Published by: American National Red Cross
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Bushra Moiz, Muhammad Hasan, Muhammad Salman, Bhawna Kumari, Emily Black, Yew-Wah Liew, published by American National Red Cross
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.