An IoT-driven framework based on sensor technology for smart greenhouses and precision agriculture

Greenhouses play a key role in sustainable agriculture by addressing food security, climate change, and resource challenges. They enable year-round crop production under controlled conditions but are often labor-intensive and resource-inefficient. Advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offer solutions by automating processes like crop monitoring, climate regulation, and irrigation control. These technologies optimize resource use, reduce waste, and enhance sustainability. This paper introduces an IoT-driven framework combining sensor technology and cloud computing to optimize greenhouse operations. Implemented in a smart greenhouse prototype, the framework includes web, desktop, and mobile applications for real-time operational control. These applications demonstrate IoT's potential in precision agriculture by promoting efficiency, sustainability, and scalability. The framework also supports AI-driven data collection and analysis, contributing to smarter decision-making. This practical, cost-effective, and eco-friendly solution addresses the growing demands of modern agriculture, advancing sustainability and technological integration in farming practices.