Does sexual orientation of bullying target influence bystander response?

Figures & Tables

		Overall Mean Differences		Group Comparisons
		F	Sig. F.	B	Std. Error	t	ρ	Partial η²
Hypothesis 1a: Homophobia as Covariate

How Clearly Behavior Is Mistreatment	Intercept	619.164	0.000	2.91	0.15	18.96	0.000	0.69
	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	0.857	0.426					0.01
	Condition: Lesbian			−0.09	0.15	−0.58	0.562	0.00
	Condition: Bisexual			0.10	0.15	0.72	0.475	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Homophobia	0.378	0.540	−0.02	0.04	−0.61	0.540	0.00
	Intercept	284.749	0.000	5.79	0.44	13.02	0.000	0.51
How Harmful Is Behavior	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	0.806	0.448					0.01
	Condition: Lesbian			−0.35	0.43	−0.83	0.410	0.00
	Condition: Bisexual			0.17	0.42	0.41	0.680	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Homophobia	0.000	0.991	0.00	0.12	0.01	0.991	0.00

Hypothesis 1b: Amnestic Heterosexism as Covariate

	Intercept	469.404	0.000	3.04	0.18	16.98	0.000	0.64
How Clearly Behavior Is Mistreatment	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	0.882	0.416					0.01
	Condition: Lesbian			−0.12	0.15	−0.79	0.433	0.00
	Condition: Bisexual			0.07	0.15	0.50	0.619	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Amnestic Heterosexism	1.958	0.164	−0.05	0.04	−1.40	0.164	0.01
	Intercept	201.543	0.000	5.85	0.52	11.20	0.000	0.44
How Harmful Is Behavior	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	0.835	0.436					0.01
	Condition: Lesbian			−0.37	0.43	−0.85	0.396	0.00
	Condition: Bisexual			0.16	0.43	0.38	0.703	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Amnestic Heterosexism	0.018	0.893	−0.02	0.11	−0.13	0.893	0.00

Dependent Variable		N	Mean	Std. Deviation	F	ρ
How Clearly Behavior Is Mistreatment	Lesbian	56	2.77	0.79
	Bisexual	56	2.95	0.76
	Heterosexual	55	2.84	0.73
	Total	167	2.85	0.76	0.786	0.458
How Harmful Is Behavior	Lesbian	56	5.44	2.21
	Bisexual	56	5.96	2.10
	Heterosexual	55	5.79	2.30
	Total	167	5.73	2.20	0.831	0.437
Personal Responsibility	Lesbian	56	4.30	2.56
	Bisexual	56	5.25	2.44
	Heterosexual	55	5.28	2.56
	Total	167	4.94	2.55	2.747	0.067
Avoidance	Lesbian	56	2.67	1.03
	Bisexual	56	2.85	1.06
	Heterosexual	55	2.92	1.02
	Total	167	2.81	1.04	0.865	0.423
Active Intervention	Lesbian	56	2.98	0.90
	Bisexual	56	3.25	0.71
	Heterosexual	55	3.38	0.82
	Total	167	3.20	0.83	3.541	0.031

		Mean	Standard Deviation	α	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	Sex¹	-	-	-	1.00
2	White/Persons of Color²	-	-	-	−0.01	1.00
3	Age	33.00	8.80	-	0.11	−0.12	1.00
4	Clearly Represents Mistreatment	2.85	0.76	0.64	0.17^*	−0.09	−0.03	1.00
5	How Harmful Is Behavior	5.75	2.2	0.72	0.17^*	0.02	−0.07	0.77^**	1.00
6	Personal Responsibility	4.96	2.55	0.95	0.24^**	−0.02	−0.09	0.67^**	0.80^**	1.00
7	Avoidance	2.81	1.03	0.88	−0.03	0.31^**	−0.09	−0.20^*	−0.08	−0.29^**	1.00
8	Active Intervention	3.21	0.83	0.88	0.17^*	−0.03	−0.21^**	0.49^**	0.55^**	0.72^**	−0.23^**	1.00
9	Homophobia	2.56	1.52	0.94	0.01	0.17^*	−0.02	−0.04	0.02	0.01	0.40^**	0.08	1.00
10	Amnestic Heterosexism	3.24	1.55	0.93	−0.11	0.07	−0.04	−0.10	0.00	−0.04	0.43^**	0.01	0.55^**

		Overall Mean Differences		Group Comparisons
		F	Sig. F.	B	Std. Error	t	ρ	Partial η²
Hypothesis 2a: Homophobia as Covariate

Personal Responsibility	Intercept	167.697	0.000	5.38	0.51	10.57	0.000	0.41
	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	2.746	0.067					0.03
	Condition: Lesbian			−1.01	0.49	−2.06	0.041	0.03
	Condition: Bisexual			−0.04	0.48	−0.09	0.930	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Homophobia	0.062	0.804	−0.03	0.13	−0.25	0.804	0.00

Hypothesis 2b: Amnestic Heterosexism as Covariate

Personal Responsibility	Intercept	133.588	0.000	5.78	0.60	9.70	0.000	0.37
	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	3.083	0.048					0.04
	Condition: Lesbian			−1.10	0.49	−2.24	0.027	0.03
	Condition: Bisexual			−0.12	0.49	−0.25	0.801	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Amnestic Heterosexism	1.011	0.316	−0.13	0.13	−1.01	0.316	0.01

		Overall Mean Differences		Group Comparisons
		F	Sig. F	B	Std. Error	t	ρ	Partial η²
Hypothesis 3a: Homophobia as Covariate

Avoidance	Intercept	209.03	0.000	2.16	0.19	11.16	0.000	0.43
	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	0.08	0.927					0.00
	Condition: Lesbian			−0.06	0.19	−0.35	0.728	0.00
	Condition: Bisexual			0.00	0.18	−0.02	0.981	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Homophobia	28.33	0.000	0.27	0.05	5.32	0.000	0.15
	Intercept	629.63	0.000	3.32	0.16	20.19	0.000	0.71
Active Intervention	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	3.14	0.046					0.04
	Condition: Lesbian			−0.39	0.16	−2.45	0.015	0.04
	Condition: Bisexual			−0.12	0.16	−0.79	0.429	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Homophobia	0.27	0.606	0.02	0.04	0.52	0.606	0.00

Hypothesis 3b: Amestic Heterosexism as Covariate

Avoidance	Intercept	116.65	0.000	1.84	0.22	8.24	0.000	0.29
	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	0.31	0.735					0.00
	Condition: Lesbian			0.00	0.18	0.00	0.999	0.00
	Condition: Bisexual			0.12	0.18	0.67	0.505	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Amnestic Heterosexism	34.66	0.000	0.29	0.05	5.89	0.000	0.18
	Intercept	471.32	0.000	3.46	0.19	17.91	0.000	0.66
Active Intervention	Susan’s Sexual Orientation	3.63	0.029					0.04
	Condition: Lesbian			−0.42	0.16	−2.63	0.009	0.04
	Condition: Bisexual			−0.14	0.16	−0.90	0.368	0.00
	Condition: Heterosexual			(Comparison group)
	Amnestic Heterosexism			−0.02	0.04	−0.47	0.640	0.00