Figure 1
Patient characteristics discharged to PAC facility versus home_
| Overall | Discharged to PAC facility | Discharged to home | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1372 | n = 154 | n = 1218 | ||
| Gendera: female (%) | 571 (41.6%) | 93 (60.4%) | 478 (39.2%) | <0.001 |
| Ageb: mean (SD); median [IQR] | 66.4 (15.9) | 75.3 (12.3) | 65.3 (16.0) | <0.001 |
| SPI first assessment on wardb: mean (SD); median [IQR] | 35.6 (6.0); | 29.0 (7.5); | 36.4 (5.2); | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stayb: mean (SD); median [IQR] | 7.7 (7.8); | 16.8 (12.2); | 6.6 (6.2); | <0.001 |
Extended model training data set_
| Extended model: SPI all individual items, age, and gender AUC = 0.842 | Medical in-patients training dataset (n = 814) | |
|---|---|---|
| Coefficients | Sig. | |
| Activity | −0.011 | 0.957 |
| Body care, upper body | 0.046 | 0.895 |
| Body care, lower body | −0.304 | 0.429 |
| Dress/undress upper body | −0.099 | 0.781 |
| Dress/undress lower body | −0.661 | 0.105 |
| Food intake | −0.496 | 0.093 |
| Drink intake | 0.972 | 0.005 |
| Urine excretion | −0.229 | 0.248 |
| Stool excretion | 0.044 | 0.849 |
| Acquire knowledge | −0.537 | 0.005 |
| Age (centered around 65 years) | 0.024 | 0.013 |
| Gender | 0.666 | 0.010 |
| Constant | −0.577 | 0.606 |
Odds ratios of discharge to a post-acute care institution by individual SPI-items compared to the original evaluation; both models include all individual items_
| 10 SPI all individual items | Medical inpatients Conca, this study | Mixed population Grosse Schlarmann, 2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | Sig. | Odds ratio | Sig. | |
| Activity* | 0.73 | 0.03 | 0.40 | <0.001 |
| Food intake | 0.70 | 0.17 | 0.51 | 0.38 |
| Drink | 2.67 | 0.001 | 4.32 | 0.07 |
| Urine* | 0.92 | 0.53 | 0.39 | 0.001 |
| Stool | 1.07 | 0.66 | 1.38 | 0.45 |
| Body care, upper body | 1.02 | 0.93 | 0.78 | 0.64 |
| Body care, lower body | 0.44 | 0.002 | 0.23 | 0.005 |
| Dress/undress upper body | 0.88 | 0.61 | 0.68 | 0.48 |
| Dress/undress lower body | 0.96 | 0.89 | 2.92 | 0.06 |
| Acquire knowledge | 0.57 | <0.001 | 0.95 | 0.86 |
Comparison of training and validation measures; Age: centered (65 years)_
| Model training (t), validation (v)a | AUC | AIC | BIC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total SPI, t | 0.824 | 477.0 | 486.4 |
| Total SPI, v | 0.808 | 338.9 | 347.6 |
| Total SPI + age + gender, t | 0.836 | 456.5 | 475.3 |
| Total SPI + age + gender, v | 0.829 | 321.1 | 329.8 |
| SPI all individual items, t | 0.828 | 461.6 | 513.3 |
| SPI all individual items, v | 0.814 | 328.2 | 336.8 |
| SPI all individual items + age + gender, t | 0.848 | 451.2 | 512.3 |
| SPI all individual items + age + gender, v | 0.837 | 317.9 | 326.5 |
Items and scoring of the self-care index (SPI)_
| Dimension | Additional information | |
|---|---|---|
| Point value: 1–4 (no ability / severely impaired ability / low impaired ability / full ability) | Movement | Self-care ability activity/movement (e.g., from bed to chair) |
| Personal hygiene, upper body | Self-care ability in personal hygiene, upper body | |
| Personal hygiene, lower body | Self-care ability in personal hygiene, lower body | |
| Dressing, upper body | Self-care ability in dressing and undressing upper body | |
| Dressing, lower body | Self-care ability in dressing and undressing lower body | |
| Feeding, food | Self-care ability ingestion: food | |
| Feeding, drink | Self-care ability ingestion: drink | |
| Excretion, urine | Self-care ability urine excretion | |
| Excretion, stool | Self-care ability stool excretion | |
| Cognition/consciousness | Ability to acquire knowledge | |
| Scoring (sum of points): | 10 (full dependency) | 40 (full independency) |