Figure 1
Figure 2
Models 7 and 8 on situational and individual determinants of collaboration_
| Model/predictors | Odds f. | Coeff. (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 7 – situational (vignettes) | |||
| Collaboration with physician (reference: verification by oneself): | |||
| Verbal intervention occurred in the presence of the patient (in patient's room) instead of in the absence of the patient (corridor) | 0.26 | −1.35 (−2.03, −0.66) | 0.007 |
| The intervening person (carer) is 75 years of age (instead of 50 or 25 years) | 0.30 | −1.19 (−2.00, −0.37) | 0.004 |
| Intervention mentions ‘I am a professional in the field myself’ | -a | 0.259 (−0.44, 0.95) | 0.354 |
| Collaboration with nurse colleague (reference: verification by oneself): | |||
| Verbal intervention occurred in the presence of the patient (in patient's room) instead of in the absence of the patient (corridor) | 0.28 | −1.27 (−1.74, −0.81) | 0.000 |
| The intervening person (carer) is 75 years of age (instead of 55 or 25 years) | -a | −0.31 (−0.84, 0.22) | 0.26 |
| Intervention mentions ‘I am a professional in the field myself’ | 1.67 | 0.52 (0.05, 0.98) | 0.029 |
| Model 8 – individual | |||
| Collaboration with physician (reference: verification by oneself): | |||
| Proportion of working time regularly spent with informal/family carers (coefficient/odds factor per 10 percentage point increase) | 1.18 | 0.17 (0.09, 0.25) | 0.000 |
| Age of the nurse (coefficient/odds factor per 10-year increase) | 1.74 | 0.56 (0.31, 0.80) | 0.000 |
| Nurse is a double-duty caregiver (currently) | -a | 0.19 (−0.31, 0.68) | 0.459 |
| Nurse holds an MSc degreeb | 3.49 | 1.25 (0.26, 2.24) | 0.013 |
| Nurse holds a BSc degreeb | -a | −0.23 (−1.23, 0.78) | 0.658 |
| Nurse does not hold an Advanced Federal Diploma of Higher Education in Nursing (‘Höhere Fachschule’)b,c | 5.75 | 1.75 (0.74, 2.76) | 0.001 |
| Nurse works in paediatrics | -a | 0.07 (−0.94, 1.09) | 0.887 |
| Nurse was educated in Germanyd | 3.19 | 1.16 (0.43, 1.89) | 0.002 |
| Nurse was educated in another country (other than Germany)d | 5.28 | 1.66 (0.69, 2.63) | 0.001 |
| Nurse has been a member of SBK/ASI for >20 years (up to 30 years) | -a | −0.23 (−0.80, 0.35) | 0.438 |
| Nurse has been a member of SBK/ASI for >30 years | 0.27 | −1.31 (−2.60, −0.008) | 0.049 |
| Nurse is male | 0.10 | −2.35 (−4.28, −0.42) | 0.017 |
| Collaboration with nurse colleague (reference: verification by oneself): | |||
| Proportion of working time regularly spent with informal/family carers (coefficient/odds factor per 10 percentage point increase) | 1.17 | 0.15 (0.11, 0.20) | 0.000 |
| Age of the nurse (coefficient/odds factor per 10-year increase) | 1.29 | 0.26 (0.95, 0.42) | 0.002 |
| Nurse is a double-duty caregiver (currently) | 1.47 | 0.38 (0.06, 0.71) | 0.021 |
| Nurse holds an MSc degreeb | 2.27 | 0.82 (0.17, 1.47) | 0.014 |
| Nurse holds a BSc degreeb | 0.45 | −0.81 (−1.36, −0.25) | 0.005 |
| Nurse does not hold a Diploma of Higher Education in Nursing (‘Höhere Fachschule’) or professional development educationb | -a | −0.99 (−2.45, 0.46) | 0.180 |
| Nurse works in paediatrics | 0.43 | −0.85 (−1.55, −0.16) | 0.016 |
| Nurse was educated in Germanyc | -a | −0.16 (−0.78, 0.47) | 0.626 |
| Nurse was educated in another country (not Germany)c | 3.42 | 1.23 (0.58, 1.88) | 0.000 |
| Nurse has been a member of SBK/ASI for >20 years (up to 30 years) | 0.47 | −0.75 (−1.19, −0.30) | 0.001 |
| Nurse has been a member of SBK/ASI for >30 years | 0.40 | −0.91 (−1.53, −0.29) | 0.004 |
| Nurse is male | 2.41 | 0.88 (0.29, 1.47) | 0.004 |
| (Vignette parameters used as further controls) | |||
Models 1 and 2 on situational determinants of perceived appropriateness_
| Predictors | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AME (95% CI) | p-Value | AME (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Relationship between intervening person and patient is unclear to the nurse | −0.75 (−0.94, −0.55) | 0.000 | −0.70 (−0.94, −0.46) | 0.000 |
| Verbal address: | ||||
| ‘Excuse me. Could you please check the tablets?’ | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
| ‘There is something wrong with the tablets’ | −0.39 (−0.57, −0.20) | 0.000 | −0.45 (−0.66, −0.24) | 0.000 |
| ‘Hello you! You have made a mistake here’ | −1.86 (−2.10, −1.63) | 0.000 | −1.80 (−2.07, −1.53) | 0.000 |
| Intervention mentions ‘I am a professional in the field myself’ | −0.18 (−0.02, −0.34) | 0.032 | −0.17 (−0.01, −0.33) | 0.043 |
| Nurse had already experienced a situation similar to the vignette before | 1.01 (0.72, 1.30) | 0.000 | 0.92 (0.55, 1.28) | 0.000 |
Models 5 and 6 on the situational and individual determinants of verbal replies_
| Model/predictors | Odds factor | Coeff. (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 5 – situational (vignettes) | |||
| Nurse had already experienced a situation similar to the vignette before | 3.40 | 1.23 (0.34, 2.11) | 0.007 |
| Relationship between intervening person and patient is unclear to nurse | 0.07 | −2.66 (−3.41, −1.92) | 0.000 |
| Verbal intervention occurred in the presence of the patient (in patient's room) instead of in the absence of the patient (corridor) | 0.17 | −1.80 (−2.46, −1.14) | 0.000 |
| Patient had just been hospitalised as an emergency the day beforea | 0.47 | −0.76 (−1.42, −0.11) | 0.023 |
| Verbal address: ‘Hello you! You have made a mistake here’b | 0.35 | −1.05 (−1.73, −0.37) | 0.002 |
| Model 6 – individual | |||
| Nurse is 30 years of age or younger | 2.76 | 1.02 (0.45, 1.58) | 0.000 |
| Nurse has professional experience in patient care of 10 years or less | 0.59 | −0.53 (−0.97, −0.09) | 0.018 |
| Nurse holds a BSc or MSc degree | 1.95 | 0.67 (0.14, 1.20) | 0.013 |
| Nurse works in home care | 1.90 | 0.64 (0.20, 1.08) | 0.004 |
| Nurse is freelancing | 0.26 | −1.35 (−1.91, −0.78) | 0.000 |
| Nurse was educated in Germanyc | 9.54 | 2.26 (0.94, 3.57) | 0.001 |
| Nurse had been a double-duty caregiver in the past, but is not any mored | 0.57 | −0.57 (−0.94, −0.19) | 0.003 |
| Nurse has been a member of SBK/ASI for >10 years (up to 20) | 2.20 | 0.79 (0.25, 1.35) | 0.004 |
| (Vignette parameters used as further controls) |
Models 3 and 4 on the individual determinants of perceived appropriateness_
| Predictors | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AME (95% CI) | p-Value | Coeff. (95% CI) | p-Valuea | |
| Nurse is 30 years of age or younger | −0.69 (−1.12, −0.26) | 0.002 | −0.71 (−1.11, −0.30) | 0.001 |
| Nurse had more than 40 years of experience in healthcare (up to 45 years) | −1.29 (−2.02, −0.56) | 0.001 | −1.38 (−2.05, −0.71) | 0.000 |
| Nurse holds a BSc degreeb | 0.43 (0.06, 0.82) | 0.022 | 0.42 (0.01, 0.83) | 0.045 |
| Nurse has completed a professional development educationb | 0.81 (0.49, 1.12) | 0.000 | 0.82 (0.45, 1.18) | 0.000 |
| Nurse has a position as a care expert (‘Pflegeexpertise’) | 1.19 (0.87, 1.51) | 0.000 | 1.28 (0.82, 1.74) | 0.000 |
| Nurse has a non-standard position (residual group)c | −2.61 (−4.14, −1.08) | 0.001 | −2.06 (−3.68, −0.43) | 0.013 |
| Nurse works in home care | −0.49 (−0.86, −0.12) | 0.009 | −0.48 (−0.84, −0.12) | 0.009 |
| Nurse works in a nursing home | −0.62 (−1.03, −0.21) | 0.003 | −0.63 (−1.03, −0.24) | 0.002 |
| Nurse works in health consulting | −1.90 (−3.53, −0.27) | 0.022 | −1.88 (−3.13, −0.63) | 0.003 |
| Nurse is freelancing | −2.61 (−3.46, −1.75) | 0.000 | −2.54 (−3.37, −1.71) | 0.000 |
| Nurse works in somatic care for adultsd | −1.23 (−1.63, −0.83) | 0.000 | −1.14 (−1.51, −0.77) | 0.000 |
| Nurse was educated in Germanye | 1.18 (0.72, 1.63) | 0.000 | 1.11 (0.61, 1.60) | 0.000 |
| Nurse was educated in another country (Serbia, Austria, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Turkey or Romania)e,f | −1.03 (−2.12, 0.06) | 0.065 | −1.07 (−1.84, −0.29) | 0.007 |
| Nurse had been a double-duty caregiver in the past, but is not any moreg | −0.39 (−0.66, −0.12) | 0.005 | −0.38 (−0.65, −0.12) | 0.004 |
| Vignette parameters (as further controls): | ||||
| Relationship between intervening person and patient is unclear to nurse | −0.71 (−1.02, −0.41) | 0.000 | −0.74 (−1.02, −0.45) | 0.000 |
| ‘There is something wrong with the tablets’h | −0.57 (−0.85, −0.29) | 0.000 | −0.59 (−0.90, −0.29) | 0.000 |
| ‘Hello you! You have made a mistake here’h | −1.83 (−2.14, −1.53) | 0.000 | −1.86 (−2.16, −1.56) | 0.000 |
| Intervention mentions ‘I am a professional in the field myself’ | −0.15 (−0.40, 0.10) | 0.232 | −0.17 (−0.42, 0.08) | 0.172 |
| Nurse had already experienced a situation similar to the vignette before | 0.74 (0.45, 1.04) | 0.000 | 0.72 (0.44, 1.01) | 0.000 |
Characteristics of the participating nurses (N = 285)_
| Gender % (n) | |
|---|---|
| Female | 93.0 (265) |
| Male | 7.0 (20) |
| Age (years) | |
| Mean ± SD | 46.2 ± 11.8 |
| Median (min–max) | 49 (21–69) |
| Professional experience in nursing (years) | |
| Mean ± SD | 23.0 ± 11.3 |
| Median (min–max) | 23 (1–45) |
| Education % (n) | |
| MSc in Nursing | 4.2 (12) |
| BSc in Nursing | 12.3 (35) |
| No BSc/MSc degree | 83.5 (238) |
| Country in which education was passed % (n) | |
| Switzerland | 88.1 (251) |
| Germany | 7.4 (21) |
| The Netherlands | 1.8 (5) |
| Other | 2.8 (8) |
| Healthcare sector % (n) | |
| Acute care (incl. psychiatry, outpatient clinics) | 45.3 (129) |
| Home care | 27.0 (77) |
| Nursing homes | 20.7 (59) |
| Freelancing nurses | 2.5 (7) |
| Health consulting | 1.8 (5) |
| General practitioner's practice | 1.1 (3) |
| Other | 1.8 (5) |
| Hierarchical level % (n) | |
| Leading position | 19.0 (54) |
| Position as a care expert (‘Pflegeexpertise’) | 8.8 (25) |
| Provides occupational training | 9.5 (27) |
| Additional responsibility such as quality management | 6.7 (19) |
| None of the above | 56.1 (160) |
| Share of working time spent with carers % | |
| Mean ± SD | 34.2 ± 30.3 |
| Median (min–max) | 20 (0–100) |
| Has role as double-duty caregiver % (n) | |
| Yes, presently | 35.1 (100) |
| Formerly, but not presently | 41.8 (119) |
| No, never so far | 23.2 (66) |