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The influence of training, membership and employee age on turnover intention in co-operative financial institutions Cover

The influence of training, membership and employee age on turnover intention in co-operative financial institutions

International Journal of Contemporary Management
Volume 60 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)
By: Przemysław Piasecki  
Open Access
|May 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

The relationships between the study variables and the research hypotheses. The solid lines represent the relationships described in the research hypotheses. The dashed lines indicate relationships not directly addressed by the hypotheses (the interaction of training intensity and employee age) that were also analysed.
The relationships between the study variables and the research hypotheses. The solid lines represent the relationships described in the research hypotheses. The dashed lines indicate relationships not directly addressed by the hypotheses (the interaction of training intensity and employee age) that were also analysed.

Figure 2.

Two-way interaction between number of training events and ownership of bank shares. Figure presents the interaction effect of number of training events and ownership of bank shares on turnover intention (see Model 3 from Table 2). The solid line shows a statistically significant change. -1 SD/+1 SD: one standard deviation below/above the mean.
Two-way interaction between number of training events and ownership of bank shares. Figure presents the interaction effect of number of training events and ownership of bank shares on turnover intention (see Model 3 from Table 2). The solid line shows a statistically significant change. -1 SD/+1 SD: one standard deviation below/above the mean.

Figure 3.

Two-way interaction between number of training days and ownership of bank shares. Figure presents the interaction effect of number of training days and ownership of bank shares on turnover intention (see Model 2 from Table 3). The solid line shows a statistically significant change. -1 SD/+1 SD: one standard deviation below/above the mean.
Two-way interaction between number of training days and ownership of bank shares. Figure presents the interaction effect of number of training days and ownership of bank shares on turnover intention (see Model 2 from Table 3). The solid line shows a statistically significant change. -1 SD/+1 SD: one standard deviation below/above the mean.

Figure 4.

Three-way interaction between number of training events, ownership of bank shares and employee age. Figure presents the interaction effect of number of training events, ownership of bank shares and employee age on turnover intention (see Model 5 from Table 2). The solid line shows a statistically significant change. -1 SD/+1 SD: one standard deviation below/above the mean.
Three-way interaction between number of training events, ownership of bank shares and employee age. Figure presents the interaction effect of number of training events, ownership of bank shares and employee age on turnover intention (see Model 5 from Table 2). The solid line shows a statistically significant change. -1 SD/+1 SD: one standard deviation below/above the mean.

Figure 5.

Three-way interaction between number of training days, ownership of bank shares and employee age. Figure presents the interaction effect of number of training days, ownership of bank shares and employee age on turnover intention (see Model 4 from Table 3). The solid line shows a statistically significant change. -1 SD/+1 SD: one standard deviation below/above the mean.
Three-way interaction between number of training days, ownership of bank shares and employee age. Figure presents the interaction effect of number of training days, ownership of bank shares and employee age on turnover intention (see Model 4 from Table 3). The solid line shows a statistically significant change. -1 SD/+1 SD: one standard deviation below/above the mean.

MLM results for number of training days (random intercept models)

Variable1.2.3.4.
Gender-0.313(0.000)-0.306(0.000)-0.311(0.000)-0.309(0.000)
Position-0.249(0.000)-0.230(0.000)-0.217(0.001)-0.202(0.002)
Education0.447(0.000)0.449(0.000)0.409(0.000)0.424(0.000)
Company size0.333(0.010)0.328(0.010)0.340(0.009)0.342(0.009)
Training (days)-0.055(0.001)-0.025(0.318)-0.039(0.069)-0.049(0.096)
Ownership of bank shares 0.003(0.963) 0.006(0.939)
Training (days)*Ownership of bank shares -0.058(0.082) 0.014(0.752)
Age -0.102(0.080)-0.127(0.156)
Training (days)*Age -0.029(0.372)0.094(0.101)
Ownership of bank shares*Age 0.062(0.577)
Training (days)*Ownership of bank shares*Age -0.175(0.015)
Intercept2.334(0.000)2.331(0.000)2.396(0.000)2.375(0.000)
Intercept variance0.1160.1150.1200.120
Within-company between-employee variance0.9510.9480.9480.942
Number of observations1576157015671561
Log likelihood-2227.378-2216.443-2213.129-2199.417

Means, standard deviations and correlations among the study variables_

MSD1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.
1. Gender0.7930.405--------
2. Position0.2390.427-0.177**-------
3. Education0.8350.372-0.108**0.108**------
4. Company size0.6170.486-0.016-0.0310.078**-----
5. Ownership of bank shares0.5900.4920.0050.152**-0.118**0.132**----
6. Age0.4340.4960.0100.216**-0.390**0.0200.227**---
7. Training (events)1.8371.484-0.0220.276**0.008-0.0470.209**0.110**--
8. Training (days)2.2061.690-0.0270.260**0.021-0.0250.208**0.110**0.890**-
9. Turnover intention2.5521.069-0.110**-0.087**0.186**0.176**-0.039-0.144**-0.112**-0.125**

MLM results for the number of training events (random slope models)

Variable1.2.3.4.5.
Gender-0.317-0.303-0.295-0.301-0.298
-(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Position-0.298-0.256-0.233-0.225-0.211
-(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.001)(0.001)
Education0.4250.4240.4240.3920.399
-(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Company size0.3300.3460.3460.3590.357
-(0.008)(0.004)(0.004)(0.003)(0.003)
Training (events)--0.060-0.018-0.034-0.035
--(0.015)(0.590)(0.241)(0.351)
Ownership of bank shares---0.009--0.003
---(0.880)-(0.967)
Training (events)*Ownership of bank shares---0.083--0.012
--(0.037)-(0.820)
Age----0.089-0.105
---(0.125)(0.242)
Training (events)*Age----0.0530.072
---(0.167)(0.280)
Ownership of bank shares*Age----0.044
----(0.691)
Training (events)*Ownership of bank shares*Age-----0.165
----(0.045)
Intercept2.3632.3472.3512.3972.391
(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Slope variance 0.0070.0080.0060.007
Intercept variance0.1110.1180.1160.1230.122
Covariance between random intercepts and slopes--0.018-0.018-0.019-0.020
Within-company between-employee variance0.9570.9470.9420.9450.938
Number of observations16531577157115681562
Log likelihood-2340.056-2231.579-2219.648-2216.900-2203.586
Likelihood-ratio test statistic(comparison with random intercept model) 6.29(0.043)7.10(0.029)5.82(0.055)7.00(0.030)

MLM results for the number of training days (random slope models)

Variable1.2.3.4.
Gender-0.304-0.296-0.301-0.299
(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Position-0.246-0.224-0.218-0.201
(0.000)(0.000)(0.001)(0.002)
Education0.4400.4430.4080.422
(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Company size0.3510.3490.3610.362
(0.004)(0.004)(0.003)(0.003)
Training (days)-0.066-0.035-0.048-0.059
(0.003)(0.239)(0.065)(0.074)
Ownership of bank shares--0.001-0.005
-(0.989)-(0.942)
Training (days) *Ownership of bank shares--0.065-0.010
-(0.063) (0.818)
Age---0.088-0.105
--(0.129)(0.240)
Training (days)*Age---0.0340.093
--(0.309)(0.103)
Ownership of bank shares*Age---0.048
---(0.661)
Training (days)*Ownership of bank----0.178
shares*Age---(0.013)
Intercept2.3252.3222.3752.356
(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Slope variance0.0060.0070.0060.007
Intercept variance0.1190.1170.1230.122
Covariance between random intercepts and slopes-0.016-0.016-0.017-0.018
Within-company between-employee variance0.9370.9330.9350.927
Number of observations1,5761,5701,5671,561
Log likelihood-2,223.244-2,211.652-2,209.014-2,194.731
Likelihood-ratio test statistic (the comparison with random intercept model)8.27 (0.016)9.58 (0.008)8.23 (0.016)9.37 (0.009)

MLM results for number of training events (random intercept models)

Variable1.2.3.4.
Gender-0.309-0.301-0.306-0.303
(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Position-0.262-0.239-0.225-0.213
(0.000)(0.000)(0.001)(0.001)
Education0.4300.4290.3920.400
(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Company size0.3290.3230.3340.332
(0.010)(0.012)(0.010)(0.011)
Training (events)-0.046-0.001-0.020-0.017
(0.015)(0.970)(0.417)(0.624)
Ownership of bank shares -0.010 -0.006
(0.869) (0.936)
Training (events)*Ownership of bank shares -0.082 -0.013
(0.032) (0.788)
Age -0.103-0.123
(0.077)(0.170)
Training (events)*Age -0.0520.065
(0.169)(0.327)
Ownership of bank shares*Age 0.053
(0.630)
Training (events)*Ownership of bank shares *Age -0.157
(0.057)
Intercept2.3532.3612.4152.409
(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
Intercept variance0.1150.1150.1190.119
Within-company between-employee variance0.9580.9540.9550.949
Number of observations1577157115681562
log likelihood-2234.724-2223.197-2219.809-2207.083
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2024-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2449-8939 | Journal ISSN: 2449-8920
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Language: English
Page range: 109 - 124
Published on: May 14, 2024
Published by: Jagiellonian University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
training,
co-operative financial institution,
co-operative bank,
turnover intention,
employee membership,
age,
social exchange theory
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Business management,
Management, organization, corporate governance,
Business management, other,
Industries,
Non profit organizations (NPO), foundations, charities, associations,
Public sector, public private partnerships, public administration

© 2024 Przemysław Piasecki, published by Jagiellonian University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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