Figure 1.
Experimental schematic diagram of negative group delay and the pulse relationship on the time axis
Figure 2.
A first-order RC circuits with positive group delay
Figure 3.
Simulation effect of first-order RC circuits with positive group delay
Figure 4.
A first-order RC circuits with negative group delay
Figure 5.
Simulation effect of first-order RC circuits with negative group delay
Figure 6.
A first-order filter for modulating the input pulse
Figure 7.
Simulation results of first-order filter modulating rectangular pulse
Figure 8.
The electronic circuit realizing the negative group delay phenomenon
Figure 9.
Second-order Bessel filter
Figure 10.
Negative group delay electronic circuit
Figure 11.
Electronic route built in simulation software
Figure 12.
Simulation results of negative group delay phenomenon
TABLE I.
Simulation results of adjusting the ratio of the number of bessel filters and negative group delay circuits
| BF | NGD | NDT/ms | IPP/V | OPP/V | AMP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 | 214 | 2.577 | 2.685 | 1.042 |
| 2 | 2 | 427 | 2.577 | 2.81 | 1.090 |
| 2 | 3 | 615 | 2.577 | 3.007 | 1.167 |
| 2 | 4 | 803 | 2.577 | 3.215 | 1.248 |
| 3 | 1 | 205 | 2.677 | 2.754 | 1.029 |
| 3 | 2 | 479 | 2.677 | 2.837 | 1.060 |
| 3 | 3 | 615 | 2.677 | 2.946 | 1.101 |
| 3 | 4 | 821 | 2.677 | 3.053 | 1.140 |
| 3 | 5 | 1027 | |||
| 3 | 6 | 1164 | |||
| 4 | 1 | 256 | 2.903 | 2.968 | 1.022 |
| 4 | 2 | 462 | 2.903 | 3.036 | 1.046 |
| 4 | 3 | 701 | 2.903 | 3.116 | 1.073 |
| 4 | 4 | 889 | 2.093 | 3.187 | 1.098 |
| 4 | 5 | 1068 | |||
| 4 | 6 | 1099 | |||
| 4 | 7 | 1294 | |||
| 5 | 1 | 205 | 3.229 | 3.288 | 1.018 |
| 5 | 2 | 462 | 3.229 | 3.351 | 1.038 |
| 5 | 3 | 752 | 3.229 | 3.432 | 1.063 |
| 5 | 4 | 906 | 3.229 | 3.48 | 1.078 |
| 5 | 5 | 1050 | |||
| 5 | 6 | 1205 | |||
| 5 | 7 | 1378 | |||
| 6 | 1 | 222 | 3.652 | 3.709 | 1.016 |
| 6 | 2 | 427 | 3.652 | 3.767 | 1.031 |
| 6 | 3 | 701 | 3.652 | 3.829 | 1.048 |
| 6 | 4 | 940 | 3.652 | 3.902 | 1.068 |
| 6 | 5 | 1022 | |||
| 6 | 6 | 1265 | |||
| 6 | 7 | 1425 | |||
| 7 | 1 | 239 | 4.179 | 4.236 | 1.014 |
| 7 | 2 | 444 | 4.179 | 4.295 | 1.028 |
| 7 | 3 | 718 | 4.179 | 4.358 | 1.043 |
| 7 | 4 | 889 | 4.179 | 4.46 | 1.067 |
| 7 | 5 | 933 | |||
| 7 | 6 | 1134 | |||
| 7 | 7 | 1283 | |||
| 8 | 1 | 205 | 4.827 | 4.886 | 1.012 |
| 8 | 2 | 444 | 4.827 | 4.946 | 1.027 |
| 8 | 3 | 684 | 4.827 | 5.008 | 1.037 |
| 8 | 4 | 855 | 4.827 | 5.064 | 1.049 |
| 8 | 5 | 1004 | |||
| 8 | 6 | 1199 | |||
| 8 | 7 | 1283 | |||
| 9 | 1 | 239 | 5.618 | 5.678 | 1.011 |
| 9 | 2 | 444 | 5.618 | 5.74 | 1.022 |
| 9 | 3 | 615 | 5.618 | 5.803 | 1.033 |
| 9 | 4 | 889 | 5.618 | 5.872 | 1.045 |
| 9 | 5 | 1060 | |||
| 9 | 6 | 1186 | |||
| 9 | 7 | 1345 | |||
| 10 | 1 | 251 | 6.503 | 6.565 | 1.010 |
| 10 | 2 | 474 | 6.503 | 6.63 | 1.020 |
| 10 | 3 | 669 | 6.503 | 6.697 | 1.030 |
| 10 | 4 | 865 | 6.503 | 6.762 | 1.040 |
| 10 | 5 | 1088 | |||
| 10 | 6 | 1199 | |||
| 10 | 7 | 1381 |
Figure 13.
The variation of delay time with the number of circuits under different Bessel filters numbers
Figure 14.
Amplitude response varies with the number of circuits under different Bessel filters numbers
Figure 15.
The change of negative delay time with the number of Bessel filters under different number of negative group delay circuits
Figure 16.
The amplitude response varies with the number of Bessel filters under different number of negative group delay circuits
Figure 17.
LED simulation results