Exploring Complexity Leadership during Turbulent Times: A Case Study of Transnet National Ports Authority, South Africa

This research study investigates how leaders at Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA), a state-owned enterprise in South Africa, apply complexity leadership theory to adapt, innovate, and sustain performance amid the volatility of global trade, economic shifts, and organizational change. By using semi-structured interviews and conducting focus groups, context-specific insights were gathered and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings provide empirical evidence-driven practical recommendations to strengthen leadership capacity to navigate uncertainty and complexity. It also advances academic understanding of complexity leadership within state-owned enterprises in developing countries.