First record of Diplotriaena obtusa (Rudolphi, 1802) Henry & Ozoux, 1909 from the Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea Linnaeus, 1758)
By: M. Jentzsch, C. Delling, K.-H. Siebenrock, S. Gawlowska and J. Hintzen
References
- A
bdu , S., Eisenring , M., Zúñiga , D., Alarcón -Nieto , G., Schmid , H., Aplin , L. M., Brandl , H. B., Farine , D. R. (2023): The presence of air sac nematodes in passerines and near-passerines in southern Germany. Int J Parasitol: Parasites Wildlife, 21: 174 – 178. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.05.004 - A
hmed , S. S. (1997): Scanning electron microscopy of Diplotriaena obtusa, Henry and Ozoux, 1909 (Nematoda: Diplotriaenidae) from Hirundo saviginii. J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 27: 681 – 687 - A
khumian , K.S. (1966): [Species composition of helminths of game and other wild birds of the Armenian SSR]. Biol Zhurn Armenii, 19: 97 – 104 (In Russian) - A
ltschul , S.F., Gish , W., Miller , W., Myers , E.W., Lipman , D.J. (1990): Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol, 215(3): 403 – 410. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2 - A
nderson , R. C. (1959): Preliminary revision of the genus Diplotriaena Henry et Ozoux, 1909 (Diplotriaenidae: Diplotriaenina). Parassitologia, 1: 195 – 307 - A
nderson , R.C. (2000): Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Their Development and Transmission. 2nd Edition, London, CABI Publishing, 650 pp. - A
nderson , R.C., Chabaud , A.G., Willmott , S. (2009): Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Archival Volume. London, CABI Publishing, 463 pp. - A
nisimova , M., Gascuel , O. (2006): Approximate likelihood ratio test for branches: A fast, accurate and powerful alternative. Syst Biol, 55(4): 539 – 552. DOI: 10.1080/10635150600755453 - B
eck , W., Pantchev , N. (2013): Praktische Parasitologie bei Heimtieren [Practical parasitology in pet animals]. 2nd Edition, Hannover, Schlütersche, 369 pp. (In German) - B
irová , V. (1990): Helminty voľne žijúcich vtákov (Columbiformes, Passeriformes) na východnom Slovensku a ich epizoologický význam [Helminths of free-living birds (Columbiformes, Passeriformes) in eastern Slovakia and their epizoological importance]. Folia Venatoria, 20: 223 – 238 (In Slovak, with English summary) - B
lotzheim , U. N. G.von (1993): Handbuch der Vögel Mitteleuropas. Band 13/II Passeriformes (4. Teil) Sittidae, Laniidae [Handbook of the Birds of Central Europe. Volume 13/II Passeriformes (Part 4) Sittidae, Laniidae]. Wiesbaden, DE, Aula, 808 pp. (In German) - B
ouamer , S., Morand , S., Hugot , J.P. (2006): Nematodes. In: Morand , S., Krasnov , B.R., Poulin , R. (Eds) Micromammals and Macroparasites. Tokyo, JP: Springer, pp. 63 – 79. DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-36025-4_4 - B
rehm , A. E. (1867): Illustriertes Thierleben. Eine allgemeine Kunde des Thierreiches. Vierter Band. Zweite Abtheilung. Die Vögel [Illustrated Animal Life. A General Account of the Animal Kingdom. Fourth Volume. Second Section. The Birds]. Hildburghausen, Bibliographisches Institut, 1036 pp. (In German) - B
rglez , J. (1982): [Nematodes of the suborder Filariata, family Diplotriaenidae, genus Diplotriaena in birds in Yugoslavia]. Zborník Biotehniške Fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Veterinarstvo, 19: 87 – 98 (In Slovenian) - C
astresana , J. (2000): Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Mol Biol Evol, 17(4): 540 – 552. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334 - C
hevenet , F., Brun , C., Bañuls , A. L., Jacq , B., Christen , R. (2006): TreeDyn: towards dynamic graphics and annotations for analyses of trees. BMC Bioinformatics, 7: 439. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-439 - C
ram , E. B. (1927): Bird parasites of the nematode suborders Strongylata, Ascaridata, and Spirurata. Bull US Natl Mus, 140: i–xvii, 1 – 465, 444 figs. DOI: 10.5479/si.03629236.140.1 - D
ereeper , A., Guignon , V., Blanc , G., Audic , S., Buffet , S., Chevenet , F., Dufayard , J. F., Guindon , S., Lefort , V., Lescot , M., Claverie , J. M., Gascuel , O. (2008): Phylogeny.fr: robust phylogenetic analysis for the non-specialist. Nucleic Acids Res, 36(Web Server issue): W465 – W469. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn180 - D
ereeper , A., Audic , S., Claverie , J. M., Blanc , G. (2010): BLAST-Explorer helps you building datasets for phylogenetic analysis. BMC Evol Biol, 10: 8. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-8 - D
iesing , K. M. (1851): Systema helminthum. Wien, Wilhelm Braumüller, 588 pp. - E
dgar , R. C. (2004): MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res, 32(5): 1792 – 1797. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh340 - F
loyd , R., Rogers , A., Lambshead , P. J., Smith , C. (2005): Nematode-specific PCR primers for the 18S small subunit rRNA gene. Mol Ecol Notes, 5: 611 – 612. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01009.x - F
reeman , A. R., Sullivan -Brugger , L. E., Groves , B., Rosenhagen , N., Garrett , K. B., Yabsley , M. J. (2025): Case Report: High burdens of air sac worms (Diplotriaena sp.) in three northern flickers (Colaptes auratus) and a pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus). Front Parasitol, 4: 1547153. DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2025.1547153 - F
reick , M., Vogt , I., Schröter , S., Kohl , R., Heidl , D., Schreiter , R., Sprong , H., Jentzsch , M. (2025): Investigations on the occurrence of West Nile virus, Usutu virus and Sindbis virus RNA in avian louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) collected in Germany (2016–2022). Parasit Vectors, 18: 200. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-025-06841-9 - G
uindon , S., Gascuel , O. (2003): A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst Biol, 52: 696 – 704. DOI: 10.1080/10635150390235520 - H
ammond , P. (1992): Species Inventory. In: Groombridge , B. (Ed) Global Biodiversity. Dordrecht, NL: Springer, pp. 17 – 39. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2282-5_4 - H
enry , A., Ozoux , L. (1909): La Filaire du Foudi [The fody's filaria] (Filaria ozouxi Railliet et Henry). Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 2: 544 – 547 (In French) - H
ong , E. J., Ryu , S. Y., Chae , J. S., Kim , H. C., Park , J., Cho , J. G., Choi , K. S., Yu , D. H., Park , B. K. (2019): Description of Diplotriaena manipoli (Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea) detected in the body cavity of Garrulus glandarius brandtii from Republic of Korea. J Vet Clin, 36: 133 – 138. DOI: 10.17555/jvc.2019.06.36.3.133 - H
ugot , J. P., Baujard , P., Morand , S. (2001): Biodiversity in helminths and nematodes as a field of study: An overview. Nematol, 3(3): 199 – 208. DOI: 10.1163/156854101750413270 - J
aroń , W. (1969): The helminth parasites of Hirundinidae of the neighbourhood of Warszawa and Olsztyn. Acta Parasitol Polonia, 16: 137 – 152 - L
ambshead , P. J. D. (1993): Recent developments in marine benthic biodiversity research. Oceanis, 19: 5 – 24 - L
eidy , J. (1885): On some parasitic worms of birds. Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, 37: 9 – 11 - L
eidy , J. (1886): Notices of nematoid worms. Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, 39: 20 – 24 - L
eidy , J. (1890): Notices of entozoa. Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, 42: 410 – 419 - L
eung , T. L. F., Koprivnikar , J. (2016): Nematode parasite diversity in birds: the role of host ecology, life history and migration. J Anim Ecol, 85: 1471 – 1480. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12581 - M
alik , R., Khatoon , N., Waheed , S. (2022): Prevalence of nematode parasites in different birds with histopathological changes in the intestinal tissue of common quail (Coturnix coturnix L.) with special reference to Heterakis gallinarum Schrank, 1788. Pakistan J Nematol, 40(2): 120 – 126. DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjn/2022/40.2.120.126 - M
ichalski , M. L., Kadolph , E., Roderick , C. L., Lankton , J. S., Cole , R. A. (2021): Diplotriaena obtusa (Nematoda: Diplotriaenidae) from barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) and cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) collected during mortality events in the upper Midwest, USA. J Parasitol, 107: 593 – 599. DOI: 10.1645/19-76 - M
ovsesyan , S. O., Chubarian , F. A., Nikoghosian , M. A. (1985): [Taxonomic characteristic of helminths of wild birds in Armenia]. Proc Conf All-union Soc Helminthol, 119 – 140 (In Russian) - M
ovsesyan , S. O., Vlasov , E. A., Nikoghosian , M. A., Petrosian , R. A., Ghasabyan , M. G., Kuznetsov , D. N. (2020): Nematodes of birds of Armenia. Ann Parasitol, 66(4): 447 – 455. DOI: 10.17420/ap6604.285 - O
kulewicz , A. (2013): New records of nematodes of passerine migratory birds. Ann Parasitol, 59(3): 135 – 138 - O
rrell , T., Informatics and Data Science Center – Digital Stewardship (2026, August): NMNH Extant Specimen Records (USNM, US). Version 1.98. Washington, D.C., National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. DOI: 10.15468/hnhrg3. Accessed via GBIF.org on 2025-09-05.https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1321072382 - R
ebelo , C. F., Ruiz , A. C., Alvarado -Piqueras , A., González , F. G., Carvalho , L. M.de (2024): Parasite screening in wild passerines: Enhancing diagnostic approaches in wildlife rehabilitation centers. Animals, 14: 3664. DOI: 10.3390/ani14243664 - R
entería -Solís , Z., Peters , M., Gawlowska , S., Schmäschke , R. (2021): Diplotriaena obtusa infection in an Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) in Germany: pathology and phylogenetic analysis. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep, 23: 100527. DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100527 - R
udolphi , C. A. (1802): Fortsetzung der Beobachtungen über die Eingeweidewürmer [Continuation of the observations on intestinal worms]. Arch Zool Zoot, 2(2): 1 – 67 (In German) - R
ząd , I., Okulewicz , A., Salamantin , R., Szenejko , M., Panicz , R., Nowakowski , J. K., Stapf , A. (2023): Helminth community structure of tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Parus major (Paridae) during their autumn migration on the southern Baltic coast. Animals, 13: 421. DOI: 10.3390/ani13030421 - S
antoro , M., D'Alessio , N., Di Prisco , F., Kinsella , J.M., Barca , L., Degli Uberti , B., Restucci , B., Martano , M., Troisi , S., Galiero , G., Veneziano , V. (2016): The occurrence and pathogenicity of Serratospiculum tendo (Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea) in birds of prey from southern Italy. J Helminthol, 90: 294 – 297. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X15000139 - S
aparov , K., Akramova , F., Azimov , D., Golovanov , V., Kuchboev , A. (2013): Biodiversity of filariae (Nematoda: Filariata), parasites of birds in Uzbekistan. Turk J Zool, 37: 746 – 752. DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1106-3 - S
chmäschke , R. (2025): Die koproskopische Diagnostik von Endoparasiten in der Veterinärmedizin [Coproscopic diagnosis of endoparasites in veterinary medicine]. 2nd Edition, Hannover, Schlütersche, 267 pp. (In German) - S
chreibers , K.von (1811): Nachricht von einer beträchtlicher Sammlung thierischer Eingeweidewürmer und Einladung zu einer literarischen Verbindung, um dieselbe zu vervollkommnen und sie für die Wissenschaft und die Liebhaber allgemein nützlich zu machen. An Naturforscher überhaupt und an Enthelminthologen insbesondere [Notice of a considerable collection of animal intestinal worms, and an invitation to a scholarly collaboration to complete it and make it generally useful for science and enthusiasts. To naturalists in general and to helminthologists in particular]. Wien, Antonius Strauss, viii + 26 pp. (In German) - S
herwin , F. J., Schmidt , G. D. (1988): Helminths of swallows of the mountains of Colorado, including Acuaria coloradensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Spirurata). J Parasitol, 74: 336 – 338. DOI: 10.2307/3282465 - S
itko , J., Okulewicz , A. (2010): Checklist of the Nematodes in Birds in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. Přerov, CZ, Comenius Museum, 104 pp. - S
itko , J., Heneberg , P. (2023): Long-term study reveals central European aerial insectivores as an unusual group of hosts that harbor mostly helminths that are unable to complete life-cycles in the nesting quarters of their hosts. Parasit Vectors, 16: 32. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05636-6 - S
onin , M. D. (1958): Nematodes of the genus Diplotriaena of birds in the Tuva region. In: Sonin , M. D., Spassky , A. A. (Eds) Work of Expeditions of the Helminthological Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1945–1957). Moscow, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, pp. 151 – 163 (In Russian) - S
onin , M. D. (1975): Filariata of Animals and Man and Diseases Caused by Them. Jerusalem, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 411 pp. - S
tanicka , A., Zając , K. S., Jefimow , M., Wojciechowski , M. S. (2021): Diplotriaena obtusa (Nematoda: Filariidae) infection in first-year Sylvia atricapilla from Poland – molecular evidence. Europ Zool J, 88: 1144 – 1151. DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1998679 - S
terner , M. C., Cole , R. A. (2008): Diplotriaena, Serratospiculum, and Serratospiculoides. In: Atkinson , C.T., Hunter , D. B. (Eds) Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 434 – 438 - W
alton , A. C. (1927): A revision of the nematodes in the Leidy collection. Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, 79: 49 – 164. - W
ebster , W. A. (1974): Diplotriaena obtusa (Rud., 1802) and Plagiorchis maculosus (Rud., 1802) collected from a purple martin, Progne subis, in Canada. Proc Helminthol Soc Wash, 41: 109. - W
u , S. Q. (1973): Helminths of birds and wild animals from Lin-Tsan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China (I. Parasitic nematodes of birds). Acta Zool Sin, 19: 341 – 353. (In Chinese) - Y
amaguti , S. (1961): Systema Helminthum. Vol. III. The Nematodes of Vertebrates, Pt. I & II. New York, London, Interscience Publishers, 1261 pp. - Y
eates , G. W., Ferris , H., Moens , T., Putten , W. H.van der (2009): The role of nematodes in ecosystems. In: Wilson , M. J., Kakouli -Duarte , T. (Eds) Nematodes as Environmental Indicators. London, UK: CABI Publishing, pp. 1 – 44. DOI: 10.1079/9781845933852.0001 - Z
hang , S., Bu , Y., Huang , G., Wen , Q., Zhang , L. (2012): A checklist of parasitic nematodes (Nematoda) from birds (Aves) in China. Zootaxa, 3446: 1 – 31. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3446.1.1
Language: English
Page range: 126 - 133
Submitted on: Sep 12, 2025
Accepted on: May 29, 2026
Published on: Sep 10, 2026
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Related subjects:
© 2026 M. Jentzsch, C. Delling, K.-H. Siebenrock, S. Gawlowska, J. Hintzen, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.