Entomopathogenic nematodes targeting the control of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), under laboratory conditions

Treatment	Mortality (%)*
Heterorhabditis amazonensis GL	66.48 ± 4.20 a
Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01	62.61 ± 13.71 a
Heterorhabditis amazonensis UENP2	78.68 ± 6.16 a
Heterorhabditis amazonensis UENP6	65.53 ± 7.29 a
Steinernema brazilense IBCB 06	52.85 ± 9.07 a
Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02	51.48 ± 6.64 a
Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47	77.62 ± 5.31 a
CV (%)	10.83

1 Mean ± Standard Error of the mean.

1* Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at a 5 % probability level.

Lethal concentration of entomopathogenic required to kill *Dalbulus maidis* adults under laboratory conditions. A. *Heterorhabditis amazonensis* MC01. B. *Steinernema feltiae* IBCB47.

Table 2.

Compatibility of Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 with phytosanitary products after 48 hours of contact.

Treatment	Viability (%)*	Infectivity (%)*	MC	Rfin (%)	Rfec (%)	E (%)	IOBC Classification
Chlorfluazuron	68.85 ± 2.62c	35.00 ± 7.29b	24.28	51.07	2.33	77.68	Slightly Harmful
Atrazine	77.75 ± 2.03b	62.50 ± 12.50 a	14.53	30.36	0.00	44.88	Slightly Harmful
Methomyl	69.90 ± 1.87c	72.50 ± 9.18 a	23.16	13.92	19.56	56.64	Slightly Harmful
Chlorpyrifos	66.17 ± 3.63c	30.00 ± 8.48b	27.28	63.57	42.65	133.51	Harmful
Profenofos + Lufenuron	60.50 ± 3.27c	49.00 ± 9.00 b	33.52	50.00	13.36	130.59	Harmful
Deltamethrin	62.10 ± 4.53c	62.50 ± 12.50 a	31.73	24.52	37.30	93.55	Moderately Harmful
Glyphosate	77.54 ± 3.50 b	30.00 ± 10.23b	14.81	58.09	5.14	78.04	Slightly Harmful
Tembotrione	79.47 ± 2.71 b	70.00 ± 14.49 a	12.60	25.83	14.56	52.60	Slightly Harmful
2.4D	80.85 ± 2.90b	32.50 ± 12.25 b	11.12	57.62	11.09	79.83	Moderately Harmful
Control	90.97 ± 0.42 a	77.50 ± 8.29 a	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	Harmless
CV (%)	14.76	17.69

1 Mean ± Standard Error of the mean.

1* Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level.

Table 3.

Compatibility of Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 with phytosanitary products after 48 hours of contact.

Treatment	Viability (%)*	Infectivity (%)*	MC (%)	Rfin (%)	Rfec (%)	E (%)	IOBC Classification
Chlorfluazuron	92.71 ± 0.95 a	72.50 ± 9.18b	80.24	2.48	53.20	83.18	Moderately Harmful
Atrazine	88.43 ± 1.80c	72.50 ± 7.29b	6.88	27.50	0.00	34.38	Slightly Harmful
Methomyl	97.18 ± 0.72 a	65.00 ± 13.92b	0.00	35.00	43.17	75.93	Slightly Harmful
Chlorpyrifos	95.46± 0.67 a	80.00 ± 7.29b	0.00	20.00	67.55	87.07	Moderately Harmful
Profenofos + Lufenuron	91.74 ± 1.19b	65.00 ± 2.45b	3.48	35.00	0.20	38.67	Slightly Harmful
Deltamethrin	86.15 ± 2.81c	97.50 ± 2.50 a	9.42	2.50	37.81	49.73	Slightly Harmful
Glyphosate	96.44 ± 1.06 a	70.00 ± 10.89b	0.00	30.00	11.71	40.24	Moderately Harmful
Tembotrione	97.11 ± 1.26 a	87.50 ± 9.68 a	0.00	12.50	8.37	18.67	Harmless
2,4D	95.79 ± 1.39 a	60.00 ± 7.29b	0.00	40.00	7.82	47.04	Slightly Harmful
Control	95.07 ± 0.97 a	100.00 ± 0.00a	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	Harmless
CV (%)	3.38	24.24

1 Mean ± Standard Error of the mean.

1* Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level.

Table 4.

Duration of developmental stages of Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 in Dalbulus maidis at a concentration of 100 infective juveniles per insect (short cycle).

Developmental stage	Assessment time (h)
	72	96	120	144	192	216	240	264
J₄	0 - 10	10	18	3	10
Hermaphrodites + eggs/J₁				56
Hermaphrodites + J₂						18
J₃ and J₄			50
Females and Males				1	31
Females + eggs/J₁							279	755
Females + J₂
J₃/JI				2
J₄ (2nd Generation)

Table 5.

Duration of developmental stages of Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 in Dalbulus maidis at a concentration of 5 infective juveniles per insect (long cycle).

Developmental stage	Assessment time (h)
	72	144	168	216	264
J₄	0 - 10	10	6
Hermaphrodites + eggs/J₁			3
Hermaphrodites + J₂
J₃ and J₄
Females and Males		1	31
Females + eggs/J₁				50	300
Females + J₂
J₃/JI		2
J₄ (2nd Generation)

Table 6.

Duration of developmental stages of Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 in Dalbulus maidis at a concentration of 100 infective juveniles per insect (short cycle).

Developmental stage	Assessment time (h)
	96	120	144	192	216	240	264	288
J₄	92	68	137	4
Hermaphrodites + eggs/J₁	0 - 10	4	8		4
Hermaphrodites + J₂				17
J₃ and J₄						15	6
Females and Males						15	4
Females + eggs/J₁
Females + J₂								31
J₃/JI							13	16
J₄ (2nd Generation)								8

Table 7.

Duration of developmental stages of Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 in Dalbulus maidis at a concentration of 5 infective juveniles per insect (long cycle).

Developmental stage	Assessment time (h)
	72	144	168	216	240	264	288
J₄	0 - 10	3
Hermaphrodites + eggs/J₁	0 - 5	2	3
Hermaphrodites + J₂			3	3
J₃ and J₄			1
Females and Males					7
Females + eggs/J₁					8
Females + J₂
J₃/JI							9
J₄ (2nd Generation)						2	4

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2026-0003 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605

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Language: English

Page range: 29 - 37

Submitted on: Feb 19, 2025

Accepted on: Feb 23, 2026

Published on: Apr 27, 2026

Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

Viruses,

Related subjects:

Zoology,

Ecology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2026 A. C. DE OLIVEIRA, V. ANDALÓ, M. L. DA MOTA, F. J. CARVALHO, L. S. DE FARIA, O. J. MARQUES, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 63 (2026): Issue 1 (March 2026)

Entomopathogenic nematodes targeting the control of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), under laboratory conditions

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Table 1.

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Table 2.

Table 3.

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Table 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

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