Risk factors, pathologies and control of gut-dwelling roundworms in chickens

Figures & Tables

Parasite	Group	Drug	Pre Treatment (Mean ± SD)	Post treatment (Mean ± SD)	Reduction %	P-value
Ascaridia galli	X	Control	340 ± 40	370 ± 40	0	0.18
	Y	Derivative	340 ± 50	30.6 ± 50	91	0.0001^***
	Z	Mebendazole	340 ± 60	74.8 ± 60	78	0.0001^***

Capillaria spp.	X	Control	250 ± 35	265 ± 35	0	0.3
	Y	Derivative	250 ± 45	30 ± 45	88	0.0001^***
	Z	Mebendazole	250 ± 55	75 ± 55	70	0.0001^***

H. gallinarum	X	Control	280 ± 38	310 ± 38	0	0.13
	Y	Derivative	280 ± 48	28 ± 48	90	0.0001^***
	Z	Mebendazole	280 ± 50	72.8 ± 50	74	0.0001^***

Trichuris spp.	X	Control	220 ± 32	235 ± 32	0	0.23
	Y	Derivative	220 ± 42	17.6 ± 42	92	0.0001^***
	Z	Mebendazole	220 ± 53	55 ± 53	75	0.0001^***

Variable	Category	Examined (n)	Infected (n)	Prevalence (%)	OR	95% CI	P-value
Gender	Male	189	130	68.6	Ref	—	—
Gender	Female	267	200	74.8	1.47	1.01 – 2.17	0.044^*

Age	Young	274	233	85	Ref	—	—
Age	Old	182	97	53.3	0.25	0.16 – 0.41	0.001^***

Body condition	Healthy	317	204	64.4	Ref	—	—
Body condition	Weak	139	126	90.6	3.85	2.23 – 6.63	0.001^***

Rearing System	Semi-intensive	101	75	71.8	Ref	—	—
Rearing System	Free range	355	255	74.3	1.54	1.02 – 2.32	0.039^*

Feeding Type	Additional feed	112	83	71.1	Ref	—	—
Feeding Type	Scavenging	344	247	74.8	1.41	1.00 – 2.29	0.047^*

Deworming Status	Yes	100	69	69	Ref	—	—
Deworming Status	No	356	261	73.3	1.61	1.03 – 2.63	0.036^*

Locality	Swat	152	105	69.1	Ref	—	—
	Malakand	151	114	75.5	1.49	1.02 – 2.18	0.041^*
	Lower Dir	153	111	72.5	1.32	0.87 – 1.99	0.18