Fig. 1
Graph 1.
Fig. 2
Graph 2.
Graph 3.
Seasonal dynamics of the number of oribatid mites in the soils of Bessarabia, Ukraine in 2024 (severe drought)_
| Season | HTC | Specimens per 100 cm2 of pasture area | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural meadows | Natural meadows | Natural meadows | ||
| Spring | 0.6 | 62.9±6.6 | 39.4±2.7 | 115.2±6.5 |
| Summer | 0.4 | 74.5±7.5 | 28.5±1.9 | 135.8±7.2 |
| Autumn | 0.4 | 60.8±4.9 | 32.6±2.8 | 114.3±5.1 |
| Winter | — | 23.5±1.8 | 19.8±2.2 | 31.6±2.8 |
Dynamics of monieziasis in sheep in sufficiently wet years in farms of Bessarabia, Ukraine_
| Months | HTC | Number of tested animals | Number of infested animals | Prevalence, % | Intensity of infestation, EPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | – | 79 | 21 | 26.6 | 52.3±0.5 |
| February | – | 87 | 23 | 26.4 | 54.7±0.8 |
| March | 1.2 | 175 | 60 | 34.3 | 72.4±0.3 |
| April | 1.3 | 220 | 107 | 48.6 | 120.8±1.2 |
| May | 1.0 | 176 | 87 | 49.4 | 135.1±0.9 |
| June | 0.7 | 155 | 51 | 32.9 | 140.5±1.0 |
| July | 0.6 | 110 | 31 | 28.2 | 102.9±1.4 |
| August | 0.5 | 108 | 28 | 25.9 | 96.8±0.5 |
| September | 0.8 | 157 | 46 | 29.3 | 88.4±0.8 |
| October | 1.2 | 245 | 121 | 49.4 | 101.2±1.1 |
| November | 1.5 | 215 | 104 | 48.4 | 95.2±0.3 |
| December | – | 193 | 44 | 22,8 | 62.7±0.5 |
| Total | – | 1920 | 723 | 37.7 | 93.6±8.0 |
Dynamics of Moniezia spp_ and Thysaniezia giardi in sheep in Bessarabia, Ukraine over an 11-year period_
| Indicators | Year | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
| Number of tested animals | 1002 | 994 | 946 | 545 | 850 | 914 | 880 | 974 | 890 | 805 | 1009 |
| Number of infested animals Moniezia spp. | 198 | 310 | 356 | 129 | 269 | 185 | 193 | 367 | 170 | 179 | 203 |
| Prevalence, % | 19.8 | 31.2 | 37.6 | 23.7 | 31.6 | 20.2 | 21.9 | 37.7 | 19.1 | 22.2 | 20.1 |
| Number of infested animals Thisaniezia giardi | 17 | 22 | 39 | 13 | 24 | 17 | 15 | 32 | 18 | 15 | 16 |
| Prevalence, % | 1.7 | 2.2 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 |
Characteristics of hydrometeorological conditions in Bessarabia, Ukraine for 2024 (severe drought)_
| Months | Precipitation, mm | Average temperature, °C | Sum of active temperatures (tact > 10), °C | HTC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 30.1 | 1.0 | 0.0 | – |
| February | 43.8 | 3.6 | 0.0 | – |
| March | 25.9 | 10.6 | 329 | 0.8 |
| April | 21.7 | 11.2 | 336 | 0.6 |
| May | 28.9 | 18.5 | 575 | 0.5 |
| June | 25.9 | 23.0 | 689 | 0.4 |
| July | 30.1 | 24.9 | 772 | 0.4 |
| August | 29.5 | 25.1 | 788 | 0.4 |
| September | 28.2 | 19.8 | 594 | 0.5 |
| October | 31.5 | 13.9 | 431 | 0.7 |
| November | 41.2 | 9.5 | 0.0 | – |
| December | 40.7 | 3.4 | 0.0 | – |
Dynamics of monieziasis in sheep in years of severe drought in farms of Bessarabia, Ukraine_
| Months | HTC | Number of tested animals | Number of infested animals | Prevalence, % | Intensity of infestation, EPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | – | 78 | 12 | 16.0 | 7.2±0.2 |
| February | – | 147 | 26 | 17.7 | 8.1±0.1 |
| March | 0.8 | 266 | 64 | 24.1 | 25.9±0.5 |
| April | 0.6 | 345 | 86 | 24.9 | 45.8±0.4 |
| May | 0.5 | 272 | 56 | 20.6 | 56.6±0.3 |
| June | 0.4 | 231 | 45 | 19.5 | 50.1±0.2 |
| July | 0.4 | 169 | 22 | 13.0 | 32.5±0.2 |
| August | 0.4 | 211 | 34 | 16.1 | 30.4±0.6 |
| September | 0.5 | 307 | 77 | 15.1 | 27.5±0.1 |
| October | 0.7 | 369 | 68 | 18.4 | 42.1±0.2 |
| November | – | 250 | 43 | 17.2 | 36.2±0.3 |
| December | – | 259 | 38 | 14.7 | 6.8±0.1 |
| Total | – | 2901 | 571 | 19.7 | 30.8±0.1 |
Prevalence of monieziasis among females and males sheep during years of severe drought in farms in Bessarabia, Ukraine_
| Season | HTC | Infested animals | Females | Prevalence, % | Males | Prevalence, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | 0.7 | 206 | 125 | 60.7 | 81 | 39.3 |
| Summer | 0.4 | 101 | 53 | 52.5 | 48 | 47.5 |
| Autumn | 0.6 | 188 | 102 | 54.3 | 86 | 45.7 |
| Winter | – | 76 | 38 | 50.0 | 38 | 50.0 |
| Total | 0.4 | 571 | 318 | 55.7 | 253 | 44.3 |
Seasonal dynamics of the number of oribatid mites in the soils of Bessarabia, Ukraine in 2021 (sufficiently moist)_
| Season | HTC | Specimens per 100 cm2 of pasture area | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural meadows | Cultural meadows | Forest strips | ||
| Spring | 1.2 | 118.4±5.1 | 45.5±4.2 | 121.6±5.5 |
| Summer | 0.6 | 129.5±6.6 | 47.2±3.2 | 199.2±7.1 |
| Autumn | 1.2 | 142.1±4.8 | 52.6±4.1 | 134.6±6.9 |
| Winter | – | 35.5±2.7 | 21.4±2.9 | 98.1±5.4 |
Prevalence of monieziasis among females and males sheep in wet years in farms in Bessarabia, Ukraine_
| Season | HTC | Infested animals | Females | Prevalence, % | Males | Prevalence, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | 1.2 | 254 | 168 | 66.1 | 86 | 33.9 |
| Summer | 0.6 | 110 | 63 | 57.3 | 47 | 42.7 |
| Autumn | 1.2 | 271 | 179 | 66.1 | 92 | 33.9 |
| Winter | – | 88 | 45 | 51.1 | 43 | 48.9 |
| Total | 0.8 | 723 | 455 | 62.9 | 268 | 37.1 |
Characteristics of hydrometeorological conditions in Bessarabia, Ukraine for 2021 (sufficiently moist)_
| Months | Precipitation, mm | Average temperature, °C | Sum of active temperatures (tact > 10), °C | HTC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 22.4 | 0.6 | 0.0 | – |
| February | 31.6 | 2.2 | 0.0 | – |
| March | 44.1 | 11.5 | 357 | 1.2 |
| April | 50.3 | 13.1 | 393 | 1.3 |
| May | 65.5 | 19.9 | 616 | 1.0 |
| June | 45.8 | 23.1 | 693 | 0.7 |
| July | 48.9 | 26.4 | 818 | 0.6 |
| August | 39.7 | 27.1 | 840 | 0.5 |
| September | 49.9 | 20.5 | 615 | 0.8 |
| October | 52.1 | 13.7 | 425 | 1.2 |
| November | 45.2 | 10.1 | 303 | 1.5 |
| December | 53.2 | 2.9 | 0.0 | – |