Have a personal or library account? Click to login
In vitro protoscolicidal effects of Hypericum perforatum, Thymus vulgaris, Pimenta racemosa, and Mentha piperita against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces Cover

In vitro protoscolicidal effects of Hypericum perforatum, Thymus vulgaris, Pimenta racemosa, and Mentha piperita against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces

By:
R. Yildiz and  A. H. Unlu  
Open Access
|Sep 2025

References

  1. Adas, G., Arikan, S., Kemik, O., Oner, A., Sahip, N., Karatepe, O. (2009): Use of albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, and combined solutions as scolicidal agents on hydatid cysts (<em>in vitro</em> study). <em>World J Gastroenterol</em>, 15(1): 112. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.112" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3748/wjg.15.112</a>
  2. Al-Khlifeh, E., Saidat, N., Khleifat, K., Al Qaisi, Y. (2023): Phytochemical profile and <em>in vitro</em> protoscolicidal effects of <em>Juniperus phoenicea</em> L., <em>Calotropis procera</em> (Aiton) Dryand, and <em>Artemisia judaica</em> L. against <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> cysts. <em>J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res</em>., 11(4): 635-650. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1635_11.4.635" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.56499/jppres23.1635_11.4.635</a>
  3. Alvi, M.A., Khan, S., Ali, R.M.A., Qamar, W., Saqip, M., Faridi, N.Y., Jia, W.Z. (2022): Herbal medicines against hydatid disease: A systematic review (2000–2021). <em>Life</em>, 12(5): 676. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050676" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3390/life12050676</a>
  4. Amarowicz, R., Żegarska, Z., Rafałowski, R., Pegg, R.B., Karamać, M., Kosińska, A. (2009): Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of ethanolic extracts of thyme, oregano, and marjoram. <em>Eur J Lipid Sci Technol</em>, 111(11): 1111-1117. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200800170" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1002/ejlt.200800170</a>
  5. Amri, M., Touil-Boukoffa, C. (2016): <em>In vitro</em> anti-hydatic and immunomodulatory effects of ginger and [6]-gingerol. <em>Asian Pac J Trop Med</em>, 9(8): 749-756. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.06.013" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.06.013</a>
  6. Benmarce, M., Haif, A., Elissondo, M. C., Bouaziz, S., Bentahar, A., Laatamna, A. (2024): Comparison of the scolicidal activity of two leaves extracts of <em>Myrtus communis</em> from Algeria against <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> sensu lato protoscoleces. <em>Acta Parasitol</em>, 1-15. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00808-z" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1007/s11686-024-00808-z</a>
  7. Bekele, J., Butako, B. (2011): Occurrence and financial loss assessment of cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) in cattle slaughtered at Wolayita Sodo municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia. <em>Trop Anim Health Prod</em>, 43: 221–228. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9680-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1007/s11250-010-9680-5</a>
  8. Boakye, Y.D., Adjei, D.K., Yeboah, K.O., Mensah, D.O., Osafo, N., Agana, T.A., Agyare, C. (2023): Natural Products as Therapeutic Option for Echinococcosis. In: Inceboz, T., Rodriguez-Morales, A.J. (Eds) <em>Echinococcosis - New Perspectives</em>. IntechOpen, pp. 1–26. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109614" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.5772/intechopen.109614</a>
  9. Bouaziz, S., Amri, M., Taibi, N., Zeghir-Bouteldja, R., Benkhaled, A., Mezioug, D., Touil-Boukoffa, C. (2021): Protoscolicidal activity of <em>Atriplex halimus</em> leaves extract against <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> protoscoleces. <em>Exp Parasitol</em>, 229: 108155. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108155" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108155</a>
  10. Budke, C.M., White, A.C., Jr, Garcia, H.H. (2009): Zoonotic larval cestode infections: neglected, neglected tropical diseases? <em>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</em>, 3(2): e319. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000319" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1371/journal.pntd.0000319</a>
  11. Camele, I., Grul’ová, D., Elshafie, H. S. (2021): Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of Mentha × piperita cv. ‘Kristinka’ Essential Oil. <em>Plants</em>, 10(8): 1567. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081567" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3390/plants10081567</a>
  12. Chen, H., Muhammad, I., Zhang, Y., Ren, Y., Zhang, R., Huang, X., Diao, L., Liu, H., Li, X., Sun, X., Abbas, G., Li, G. (2019): Antiviral activity against infectious bronchitis virus and bioactive components of <em>Hypericum perforatum</em> L. <em>Front Pharmacol</em>, 10: 1272. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01272" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3389/fphar.2019.01272</a>
  13. Deberdt, P., Davezies, I., Coranson-Beaudu, R., Jestin, A. (2018): Efficacy of Leaf Oil from <em>Pimenta racemosa</em> var. <em>racemosa</em> in Controlling Bacterial Wilt of Tomato. <em>Plant Dis</em>, 102(1): 124–131. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-17-0593-RE" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1094/PDIS-04-17-0593-RE</a>
  14. El-Desouky, T.A. (2021): Evaluation of effectiveness aqueous extract for some leaves of wild edible plants in Egypt as anti-fungal and anti-toxigenic. <em>Heliyon</em>, 7(2): e06209. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06209" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06209</a>
  15. ElShaarawy, F.S., Abdelhady, M.I., Hamdy, W., Ibrahim, H.A. (2024): Investigation of the Essential Oil Constituents of <em>Pimenta racemosa</em> Aerial Parts and Evaluation of Its Antiviral Activity against Hsv 1 and 2. <em>Trends Adv. Sci. Technol</em>., 1(1), 2. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.62537/2974-444X.1006" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.62537/2974-444X.1006</a>
  16. Gavarić, N., Kovač, J., Kretschmer, N., Kladar, N., Možina, S. S., Bucar, f., Bauer, R., Božin, B. (2015): Natural products as antibacterial agents—antibacterial potential and safety of post-distillation and waste material from <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> L., Lamiaceae. In: <em>Concepts, Compounds and the Alternatives of Antibacterials</em>. InTech. 123-151. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5772/60869" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.5772/60869</a>
  17. Hernández-Saavedra, D., Pérez-Ramírez, I.F., Ramos-gómez, M., Mendoza-Díaz, S., Loarca-Pina, G., Reynoso-Camacho, R. (2016): Phytochemical characterization and effect of <em>Calendula officinalis, Hypericum perforatum</em>, and <em>Salvia officinalis</em> infusions on obesity-associated cardiovascular risk. <em>Med Chem Res</em>, 25: 163-172. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-015-1454-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1007/s00044-015-1454-1</a>
  18. Hudz, N., Kobylinska, L., Pokajewicz, K., Horčinová SedláčKová, V., fedin, R., Voloshyn, M., Myskiv, I., BrindzA, J., Wieczorek, P.P., Lipok, J. (2023): <em>Mentha piperita</em>: Essential oil and extracts, their biological activities, and perspectives on the development of new medicinal and cosmetic products. <em>Molecules</em>, 28(21): 7444. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28217444" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3390/molecules28217444</a>
  19. Jamroz, D., Orda, J., Kamel, C., Wiliczkiewicz, A., Wertelecki, T., SkorupińSka, J. (2003): The influence of phytogenic extracts on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbial status in broiler chickens. <em>J Anim Feed Sci</em>, 12(3): 583596. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/67752/2003" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.22358/jafs/67752/2003</a>
  20. Jairus, M., Jeff, C., Jeffrey, C., Marvelous, S. (2023): Occurrence and economic impact of cystic echinococcosis in cattle slaughtered in the Matabeleland Region, Zimbabwe. <em>Acta Trop</em>, 242: 106918. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106918" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106918</a>
  21. Jasim, A.H. (2023): The Effect of Alcoholic and Aqueous Extracts of Malva Sylvestris L. on the Vitality of protoscolices in <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> (In Vitro and In Vivo). <em>J Commun Dis</em>, 55(3B): 40-47. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202336" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.24321/0019.5138.202336</a>
  22. Kheirandish, F., Marzban, A., Masoori, L., Nourmohammadi, M., Mo-Radpour, K., Cheraghipour, K. (2020): Efficacy of thymol on the scolices of hydatid cyst. <em>Herb Med J</em>, 5 (1): 37-44. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.22087/hmj.v5i1.786" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.22087/hmj.v5i1.786</a>
  23. Kladar, N., MrđAnović, J., AnačKov, G., Šolajić, S., Gavarić, N., SrđEnović, B., Božin, B. (2017): <em>Hypericum perforatum</em>: Synthesis of Active Principles during Flowering and Fruitification-Novel Aspects of Biological Potential. <em>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</em>, 2017: 2865610. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2865610" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1155/2017/2865610</a>
  24. Kohansal, M.H., Nourian, A., Rahimi, M.T., Daryani, A., Spotin, A., Ahmadpour, E. (2017): Natural products applied against hydatid cyst protoscolices: A review of past to present. <em>Acta Trop</em>, 176: 385-394. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.013" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.013</a>
  25. Labsi, M., Khelifi, L., Mezioug, D., Soufli, i., Touil-Boukoffa, C. (2016): Antihydatic and immunomodulatory effects of <em>Punica granatum</em> peel aqueous extract in a murine model of echinococcosiS. <em>Asian Pac J Trop Dis</em>, 9(3): 211-220. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ap-jtM.2016.01.038" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.ap-jtM.2016.01.038</a>
  26. Labsi, M., Soufli, I., Khelifi, L., Amir, Z.C., Touil-Boukoffa, C. (2019): A preventive effect of the combination of albendazole and pomegranate peel aqueous extract treatment in cystic echinococcosis mice model: An alternative approach. <em>Acta Trop</em>, 197: 105050. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105050" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105050</a>
  27. Maggiore, M.A., Albanese, A.A., Gende, L.B., Eguaras, M.J., Denegri, G.M., Elissondo, M.C. (2012): Anthelmintic effect of <em>Mentha</em> spp. essential oils on <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> protoscoleces and metacestodeS. <em>Parasitol Res</em>, 110: 1103-1112. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2595-x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1007/s00436-011-2595-x</a>
  28. Mohammed, N.R., Dalar, A., Ozdemir, F.A., Turker, M. (2019): <em>In vitro</em> propagation and secondary metabolites investigation of <em>Hypericum perforatum</em> L. <em>Fresenius Environ Bull</em>, 28(7): 5569-5576
  29. Naguleswaran, A., Spicher, M., Vonlaufen, N., Ortega-Mora, L.M., Torgerson, P., Gottstein, B., HemPHill, A. (2006): <em>In vitro</em> metacestodicidal activities of genistein and other isoflavones against <em>Echinococcus multilocularis</em> and <em>Echinococcus granulosus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother</em>, 50(11): 3770–3778. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00578-06" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1128/AAC.00578-06</a>
  30. Nascimento, G.G., Locatelli, J., Freitas, P.C., Silva, G.L. (2000): Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. <em>Braz J Microbiol</em>, 31: 247-256. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcaM.v14i1.23" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.21010/ajtcaM.v14i1.23</a>
  31. Nicolao, M.C., Elissondo, M.C., Denegri, G.M., Goya, A.B., Cumino, A.C. (2014): <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> effects of tamoxifen against larval stage <em>Echinococcus granulosus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother</em>, 58(9): 5146–5154. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02113-13" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1128/AAC.02113-13</a>
  32. Noal, C.B., Monteiro, D.U., Brum, T.F., Emmanouilidis, J., Zanette, R.A., Morel, A.F., Stefanon, E.B.C., Frosi, M., Larue, M.L. (2017): <em>In vitro</em> effects of <em>Blepharocalyx salicifolius</em> (H.B.K.) O. Berg on the viability of <em>Echinococcus ortleppi</em> protoscoleceS. <em>Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo</em>, 59: e42. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946201759042" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1590/S1678-9946201759042</a>
  33. Pensel, P.E., Maggiore, M.A., Gende, L.B., Eguaras, M.J., Denegri, M.G., Elissondo, M.C. (2014): Efficacy of essential oils of <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> and <em>Origanum vulgare</em> on <em>Echinococcus granulosus. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis</em>, 2014: 693289. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/693289" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1155/2014/693289</a>
  34. Rasooli, I., Rezaei, M.B., Allameh, A. (2006): Ultrastructural studies on antimicrobial efficacy of thyme essential oils on <em>Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Infect Dis</em>, 10(3): 236–241. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2005.05.006" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1016/j.ijid.2005.05.006</a>
  35. Rouhani, S., Salehi, N., Kamalinejad, M., Zayeri, F. (2013): Efficacy of <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> aqueous extract on viability of <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> protoscoliceS. <em>J Invest Surg</em>, 26(6): 347-351. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3109/08941939.2013.818746" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3109/08941939.2013.818746</a>
  36. SalmeróN-Manzano, E., Garrido-Cardenas, J.A., Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2020): Worldwide research trends on medicinal plantS. <em>Int J Environ Res Public Health</em>, 17(10): 3376. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103376" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3390/ijerph17103376</a>
  37. Sarikurkcu, C., Locatelli, M., Tartaglia, A., Ferrone, V., Juszczak, A.M., Ozer, M.S., TePe, B., Tomczyk, M. (2020): Enzyme and biological activities of the water extracts from the plants <em>Aesculus hippocastanum, Olea europaea</em> and <em>Hypericum perforatum</em> thatare used as folk remedies in Turkey. <em>Molecules</em>, 25(5): 1202. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051202" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.3390/molecules25051202</a>
  38. Sherif, M.M., Elshikh, H.H., Abdel-Aziz, M.M., Elaasser, M.M., Yosri, M. (2023): In Vitro Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of <em>Hypericum perforatum</em> extract as potential antimicrobial agents against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of clinical origin. <em>BioMed Res Int</em>, 2023: 6934398. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6934398" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">10.1155/2023/6934398</a>
  39. Vakili, Z., Radfar, M.H., Bakhshaei, F., Sakhaee, E. (2019): <em>In vitro</em> effects of <em>Artemisia sieberi</em> on <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> protoscolices. <em>Exp Parasitol</em>, 197: 65–67. DOI: 10.1016j.exppara.2018.10.011
  40. World Health Organization: <em>Indicator Metadata Registry Details</em>. Retrieved April 01, 2024, from https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/158
  41. Zibaei, M., Sarlak, A., Delfan, B., Ezatpour, B., AzArgoon, A. (2012): Scolicidal effects of <em>Olea europaea</em> and <em>Satureja khuzestanica</em> extracts on protoscolices of hydatid cysts. <em>Korean J Parasitol</em>, 50(1): 53. DOI: 10.3347kjp.2012.50.1.53
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2025-0021 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605
Language: English
Page range: 95 - 101
Submitted on: Aug 6, 2024
Accepted on: Jul 22, 2025
Published on: Sep 30, 2025
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year

© 2025 R. Yildiz, A. H. Unlu, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.