Fig. 1.
Fig. 2:
List of plant species and the organs that were evaluated for their anthelmintic activity_
| No | Family Name | Scientific Name | Common Name | Organs Used |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Fabaceae | Acacia karoo | Sweet thorn | Leaves and stem |
| 2. | Fabaceae | Acacia tortilis | Umbrella thorn | Leaves and stem |
| 3. | Asteraceae | Achillea millefolium | Yarrow | Leaves |
| 4. | Liliaceae | Allium sativum | Garlic | Bulbs |
| 5. | Asphodelaceae | Aloe ferox | Bitter aloe | Stem |
| 6. | Bromeliaceae | Ananas comosus | Pineapple | Leaves |
| 7. | Papaveraceae | Argemone mexicana | Mexican prickly poppy | Leaves and stem |
| 8. | Asteraceae | Artemisia afra | African wormwood | Leaves and stem |
| 9. | Asteraceae | Artemisia vulgaris | Mugwort | Leaves and stem |
| 10. | Aristolochiaceae | Asarum canadense | Wild ginger | Rhizomes |
| 11. | Asteraceae | Cichorium intybus. | Chicory | Leaves |
| 12. | Amaryllidaceae | Crinum moorei | Inanda lily | Leaves and stem |
| 13. | Cyatheaceae | Cyathea dealbata | Tree fern | Leaves and stem |
| 14. | Poaceae | Cymbopogon nardus | Lemon grass | Leaves |
| 15. | Apiaceae | Foeniculum vulgare | Fennel | Stem and fruit |
| 16. | Lamiaceae | Mentha piperita | Peppermint | Leaves and stem |
| 17. | Moringaceae | Moringa oleifera | Horse radish tree | Leaves |
| 18. | Lamiaceae | Ocimum gratissimum | African basil | Leaves and fruit |
| 19. | Poaceae | Oxytenanthera abyssinica | Lowland bamboo | Stem |
| 20. | Lamiaceae | Plectranthus sp1 | Supr flower | Leaves and bark |
| 21. | Lamiaceae | Plectranthus sp2 | Supr flower | Leaves and bark |
| 22. | Lamiaceae | Plectranthus sp3 | Supr flower | Leaves and bark |
| 23. | Lamiaceae | Plectranthus sp4 | Supr flower | Leaves and bark |
| 24. | Myrtaceae | Psidium guajava | Guava | Leaves |
| 25. | Rubiaceae | Psychotria capensis | Bird berry | Leaves |
| 26. | Myrtaceae | Syzygium aromaticum | Clove | Fruit |
| 27. | Myrtaceae | Syzygium cordatum | Water berry | Leaves |
| 28. | Canellaceae | Warburgia ugandensis | East African pepper | Leaves and bark |
| 29. | Canellaceae | Warburgia salutaris | Pepper bark | Leaves and bark |
In vitro efficacy of ethanolic extracts of five plants against eggs of liver flukes from cattle__
| Plants | 5% Extract Mortality (%) | 10% Extract Mortality (%) | 20% Extract Mortality (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moringa oleifera | 82.67 fg | 90 gf | 100 h |
| Ananas comosus | 80 fg | 89 gf | 100 h |
| Foeniculum vulgare | 63 de | 75 ef | 89 gf |
| Cymbopogon nardus | 33 a | 47 bc | 62 de |
| Artemisia afra | 30 a | 42 ab | 60 cd |
ANOVA table for the activity of five plant extracts at three concentrations against eggs of liver flukes from cattle_
| Source of variation | d.f. | s.s. | m.s. | F value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plants | 5 | 19631.7 | 3926.34 | 67.51 | <0.001 |
| Concentrations | 2 | 8405.81 | 4202.91 | 72.26 | <0.001 |
| Plants x concentrations | 10 | 1896.41 | 189.64 | 3.26 | 0.005 |
| Residual | 34 | 1977.52 | 58.16 | ||
| Total | 53 | 31998.59 | |||
| LSD | 13.51 | ||||
| Mean ± SE | 67.4 ± 6.23 | ||||
| CV% | 12.65 | ||||
ANOVA table for the main effect of 29 ethanolic plant extracts against eggs of liver flukes from cattle_
| Source of variation | d.f. | s.s. | m.s. | F value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plants | 29 | 87998.22 | 3034.421 | 320.08 | <0.001 |
| Residual | 58 | 549.844 | 9.48 | ||
| Total | 89 | 88556.22 | |||
| LSD | 5.032 | ||||
| Mean ± SE | 41.56 ± 2.514 | ||||
| CV% | 7.4 | ||||