Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes present in Việt Nam against brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) under laboratory conditions

EPN Species	Location	GPS coordinates
Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David BNN2-02	Vinh Hai village, Ninh Hai district Ninh Thuan province	11.7748°N, 109.2048°E, 9 m ASL
Oscheius myriophilus* (Poinar) BNN1-07	Vinh Hai village, Ninh Hai district Ninh Thuan province (Fig. 1)	11.7858°N, 109.1899 °E, 9 m ASL
Steinernema eapokense Phan, Spiridonov, Subbotin & Moens HB33	Hòn Ba Nature Reserve Khanh Son district Khanh Hoa province (Fig. 2)	12.2684°N, 109.1406°E, 580 m ASL
Steinernema pakistanense^* Shahina, Anis, Reid, Rowe & Maqbool BNN2-12	Vinh Hai village, Ninh Hai district Ninh Thuan province	11.7748 °N, 109.2048 °E, 9 m ASL

* First recorded in Viet Nam

Vinh Hai village, Ninh Hai district, Ninh Thuan province.

Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Khanh Son district, Khánh Hòa province.

Virulence of *Heterorhabditis indica*, *Oscheius myriophila*, *Steinernema carpocapsae*, *S. eapokense*, and *S. pakistanense*, and against third instar *H. halys* nymphs under laboratory conditions. Bars represent the standard errors of the means. IJs = infective juveniles.

BMSB adult cadaver after infected by EPNs (scale bar= 5mm).

EPNs dissected from *H. halys* cadaver infected by EPNs (scale bar=1mm).

Table 2.

Median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of Heterorhabditis indica, Oscheius myriophila, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. eapokense and S. pakistanense against third instar BMSB nymphs. df = degrees of freedom.

EPN species	Slope	LC₅₀	Lower 95% limit	Upper 95% limit	χ²-test	df	Sig.
Heterorhabditis indica	1.015	248	113	380	9.638	16	0.885
Oscheius myriophilus	0.845	247	79	412	4.349	16	0.998
Steinernema carpocapsae	2.062	167	112	217	11.622	16	0.77
Steinernema eapokense	1.012	193	72	303	3.304	16	1
Steinernema pakistanense	1.484	118	53	178	4.878	16	0.996

Table 3.

Median lethal times (LT₅₀) for Heterorhabditis indica, Oscheius myriophila, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. eapokense and S. pakistanense against third instar BMSB nymphs.

EPN	Slope	LT₅₀	Lower 95% limit	Upper 95% limit	χ²-test	df	Sig.
Heterorhabditis indica	1.185	6.195	5.188	8.594	11.379	16	0.785
Oscheius myriophilus	1.367	5.45	4.711	6.727	1.733	16	1
Steinernema carpocapsae	0.62	3.787	2.204	5.38	1.678	16	1
Steinernema eapokense	0.69	6.645	4.966	18.019	1.228	16	1
Steinernema pakistanense	0.554	2.955	0.702	4.136	1.944	16	1

Virulence of *Heterorhabditis indica*, *Oscheius myriophila*, *Steinernema carpocapsae*, and *S. pakistanense* against BMSB adults under laboratory conditions. Bars represent the standard errors of the means. df = degrees of freedom.

Table 4.

Median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of Heterorhabditis indica, Oscheius myriophila, Steinernema carpocapsae and S. pakistanense against BMSB adults.

EPN species	Slope	LC₅₀	Lower 95% limit	Upper 95% limit	χ²-test	df	Sig.
Heterorhabditis indica	1.833	46	9	84	12.401	16	0.716
Oscheius myriophilus	1.447	122	53	183	5.865	16	0.989
Steinernema carpocapsae	1.383	31	0	63	1.791	16	1
Steinernema pakistanense	1.656	49	9	91	9.826	16	0.876

Table 5.

Median lethal time (LT₅₀) of Heterorhabditis indica, Oscheius myriophila, Steinernema carpocapsae and S. pakistanense against adult BMSB.

EPN species	Slope	LT₅₀	Lower 95% limit	Upper 95% limit	χ²-test	df	Sig.
Heterorhabditis indica	2.099	2.975	2.577	3.322	16.2	16	0.639
Oscheius myriophilus	0.795	5.606	4.418	9.349	0.904	16	1
Steinernema carpocapsae	2.106	1.618	0.969	1.994	5.73	16	0.991
Steinernema pakistanense	1.252	3.362	2.701	3.93	3.191	16	1

Table 6.

Mean numbers of nematodes recorded in cadavers of third instar BMSB nymphs following death of nymphs treated with 100 to 1000 infective juveniles (IJs) of Heterorhabditis indica, Oscheius myriophila, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. eapokense and S. pakistanense.

EPN species	Nematode concentration (IJs) applied
EPN species	1000	800	600	400	200	100
Heterorhabditis indica	6.27aC	4.07aBC	3.4aBC	2.8aAB	1.73aAB	0.87aA
Oscheius myriophilus	10.47aC	5.4aB	2.33aAB	1.93aA	1.4aA	0.8aA
Steinernema carpocapsae	28.8bE	20.07bDE	12.33bCD	9.2bBC	5.47bB	2.13bA
Steinernema eapokense	13.13aC	8.13aBC	4.8aAB	3.071aAB	3.27abcAB	2.53A
Steinernema pakistanense	38.33bF	31.2bEF	16.53bCD	11.07bBC	6.27bAB	2.47bA

[i] Note: Means followed by lowercase letters within columns and uppercase letters within rows are significantly different.

Table 7.

Mean numbers of nematodes recorded in cadavers of adults following death of adults treated with 100 to 1000 IJs of Heterorhabditis indica, Oscheius myriophila, Steinernema carpocapsae and S. pakistanense

EPN species	Nematode concentration (IJs) applied
EPN species	1000	800	600	400	200	100
Heterorhabditis indica	8.8aC	6.2aBC	9.6C	6BC	4.93aB	0.93aA
Oscheius myriophilus	16.27aD	8.07aCD	12.6CD	7.33CD	5.47abB	1.27aA
Steinernema carpocapsae	47.67bC	38.47bC	11.73B	10.33B	8.27bB	3.07bA
Steinernema pakistanense	11.67aD	8.87aCD	14.8CD	7CD	4.6abB	1.67abA

[i] Note: Means followed by lowercase letters within columns and uppercase letters within rows are significantly different.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2024-0021 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605

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Language: English

Page range: 263 - 271

Submitted on: Oct 18, 2023

Accepted on: Jul 25, 2024

Published on: Dec 12, 2024

Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

entomopathogenic nematodes

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Life sciences,

Zoology,

Ecology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2024 H. T. Dao Thi, H. T. Nguyen, G. A. C. Beattie, P. Holford, P. Q. Trinh, P. T. Bui, H. T. T. Tran, V. D. Nguyen, H. N. Le, H. S. Phung, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 61 (2024): Issue 3 (September 2024)

Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes present in Việt Nam against brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) under laboratory conditions

Figures & Tables

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