Table 1
Trematode species included in phylogenetic analyses with the 28S rRNA gene. The accession number of the Genbank sequences, the host and the locality where the sequenced specimens were collected are shown.
| Species | Author | GenBank | Host | Locality | Sequence Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALLOCREADIIDAE | Looss, 1902 | ||||
| Acrolichanus auriculatum | (Wedl, 1858) Skvortsov, 1927 | MN524579 | Acipenser schrenckii | Russia | Atopkin et al., 2020 |
| Allocreadium gotoi | (Hasegawa & Ozaki, 1926) Shimazu, 1988 | LC215274 | Misgurnus anguillicaudatus | Japan: Nagano, liyama, Midori | Shimazu, 2017 |
| Allocreadium isoporum | (Looss, 1894) Looss, 1902 | GU462125 | Alburnus alburnus | Russia: Lake Oster, Karelia | Petkeviciüte et al., 2010 |
| Allocreadium lobatum | Wallin, 1909 | EF032693 | Semotilus corporalis | USA | Curran et al., 2006 |
| Allocreadium neotenicum | Peters, 1957 | JX977132 | Hydroporus rufifrons | United Kingdom: Lake District, Cumbria | Bray et al., 2012 |
| Bunodera acerinae | Roitman & Sokolov, 1999 | GU462122 | Gymnocephalus cernua | Russia: River Tvertsa, upper Volga River basin | Petkeviciüte et al., 2010 |
| Bunodera eucaliae | (Miller, 1936) Miller, 1940 | DQ029329 | Culaea inconstans | Canada: Brokenhead River, Manitoba | Choudhury and Leon-Regagnon, 2005 |
| Bunodera inconstans | (Lasee, Font & Sutherland, 1988) Brooks, 1992 | DQ029330 | Culaea inconstans | Canada: Brokenhead River, Manitoba | Choudhury and Leon-Regagnon, 2005 |
| Bunodera luciopercae | (Müller, 1776) Lühe, 1909 | GU462113 | Sphaerium rivicola | Russia: River Tvertsa, upper Volga River basin | Petkeviciüte et al., 2010 |
| Bunodera mediovitellata | Tsimbalyuk & Roitman, 1966 | DQ029332 | Gasterosteus aculeatus | Canada: Little Campbell River, B. C. | Choudhury and Leon-Regagnon, 2005 |
| Bunodera sacculata | Van Cleave & Mueller, 1932 | DQ029333 | Perea fluviatilis | Canada: Lake Sasajewun, Algonquin Park, Ontario | Choudhury and Leon-Regagnon, 2005 |
| Bunodera vytautasi | Atopkin, Sokolov, Shedko, Vainutis & Orlovskaya, 2018 | MG262545 | Pungitius pungitius | Canada: Magadan region, Chernoe Lake | Atopkin et al., 2018 |
| Crepidostomum affine | Tkach, Curran, Bell & Overstreet, 2013 | KF250358 | Hiodon tergisus | USA: Pearl River,Mississippi | Tkach, et a/., 2013 |
| Crepidostomum auritum | (MacCallum, 1919) | KF250357 | Aplodinotus grunniens | USA: Pearl River,Mississippi | Tkach, et a/., 2013 |
| Crepidostomum cooperi | Hopkins, 1932 | DQ029328 | Percopsis omiscomaycus | Canada: Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba | Choudhury and Leon-Regagnon, 2005 |
| Crepidostomum cornutum | (Osborn, 1903) Stafford, 1904 | EF032695 | Lepomis gulosus | USA | Curran et al., 2006 |
| Crepidostomum farionis | (Müller, 1780) Lühe, 1909 | FR821399 | Oncorhynchus masou | Russia | Atopkin and Shedko, 2014 |
| Crepidostomum illinoiense | Faust, 1918 | KF356372 | Hiodon alosoides | USA: Red Lake River,Minnesota | Tkach, et a/., 2013 |
| Crepidostomum metoecus | (Braun, 1900) Braun, 1900 | FR82140 | Salvelinus leucomaensis | Russia | Atopkin and Shedko, 2014 |
| Crepidostomum nemachilus | Krotov, 1959 | FR821408 | Salvelinus leucomaensis | Russia | Atopkin and Shedko, 2014 |
| Crepidostomum oschmarini | Zhokhov & Pugacheva, 1998 | MH159994 | Pisidium casertanum | Lithuania: River Nedzinge | Petkeviciüte et al., 2018 |
| Creptotrema astyanace | (Scholz, Aguirre-Macedo & Choudhury, 2004) Franceschini, Aguiar, Zago, de Oliveira Fadel Yamada, Bertholdi Ebert & da Silva, 2021 | HQ833707 | Astyanax aeneus | Costa Rica: Guanacaste | Curran etal., 2011 |
| Creptotrema stenopteri | (Mane-Garzon & Gascon, 1973) Franceschini, Aguiar, Zago, de Oliveira Fadel Yamada, Bertholdi Ebert & da Silva, 2021 | MN822005 | Charax stenopteri | Argentina: Buenos Aires, Punta Lara | Montes et al., 2021 |
| Creptotrema conconae | Franceschini, Aguiar, Zago, de Oliveira Fadel Yamada, Bertholdi Ebert & da Silva, 2021 | OK044374 | Imparfinis mirini | Brazil: Upper Parana River basin | Franceschini et al., 2021 |
| Creptotrema creptotrema | Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 | OK044371 | Megaleporinus elongatus | Brazil: Mogi-Guacu River, Upper Parana River basin | Franceschini et al., 2021 |
| Creptotrema funduli | Mueller, 1934 | JQ425256 | Fundulus notatus | USA: Mississippi, Biloxi River, Harrison County | Curran et al., 2012 |
| Creptotrema guacurarii | (Montes, Barneche, Croci, Balcazar, Almiron, Martorelli & Perez-Ponce de Leon, 2021) Franceschini, Aguiar, Zago, de Oliveira Fadel Yamada, Bertholdi Ebert & da Silva, 2021 | MN822004 | Characidium heirmostigmata | Argentina: Misiones, Parque Nacional Iguazu | Montes et al., 2021 |
| Creptotrema lobata | (Hernändez-Mena, Lynggaard, Mendoza-Garfias & Perez- Ponce de Leon, 2016) Franceschini, Aguiar, Zago, de Oliveira Fadel Yamada, Bertholdi Ebert & da Silva, 2021 | KX954170 | Brycon guatemalensis | Mexico: Tenosique, Chiapas | Hernändez-Mena etal., 2016 |
| Creptotrema megacetabularis | Franceschini, Aguiar, Zago, de Oliveira Fadel Yamada, Bertholdi Ebert & da Silva, 2021 | OK044375 | Auchenipterus osteomystax | Brazil: Upper Parana River basin | Franceschini et al., 2021 |
| Creptotrema schubarti | Franceschini, Aguiar, Zago, de Oliveira Fadel Yamada, Bertholdi Ebert & da Silva, 2021 | OK044373 | Characidium schubarti | Brazil: Upper Parana River basin | Franceschini et al., 2021 |
| Creptotrema tica | (Hernandez Mena, Pinacho-Pinacho, Garcia-Varela, Mendoza- Garfias & Perez-Ponce de Leon, 2018) Franceschini, Aguiar, Zago, de Oliveira Fadel Yamada, Bertholdi Ebert & da Silva, 2021 | MH997001 | Gymnotus maculosus | Costa Rica: Creek at Pitaya, Guanacaste | Hernändez-Mena etal., 2019 |
| Creptotrema totonacapanensis | (Razo-Mendivil, Mendoza-Garfias, Perez- Ponce de Leon & Rubio-Godoy, 2014) Franceschini, Aguiar, Zago, de Oliveira Fadel Yamada, Bertholdi Ebert & da Silva, 2021 | KF631417 | Astyanax mexicanus | Mexico: Filipinas, Veracruz | Razo-Mendivil et al., 2014b |
| Creptotrematina aguirrepequenoi | Jimenez-Guzman, 1973 | HQ833708 | Astyanax aeneus | Costa Rica: Guanacaste | Curran etal., 2011 |
| Creptotrematina batalhensis | Dias & Abdallah in Alves Dias, Perez-Ponce de Leon, Almeida Camargo, Müller, Silva, Kozlowiski de Azevedo & Abdallah, 2020 | MT512642 | Astyanax lacustris | Brazil: Batalha River | Dias et al., 2020 |
| Margotrema bravoae | Lamothe-Argumedo, 1970 | KT833278 | Allotoca dugesii | Mexico (Central region) | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2016 |
| Margotrema resolanae | Perez-Ponce de Leon, Martinez-Aquino & Mendoza-Garfias, 2013 | KT833271 | Xenotaenia resolanae | Mexico (Central region) | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2016 |
| Megalogonia ictaluri | Surber, 1928 | EF032694 | Ictalurus punctatus | USA: Pearl River, Mississippi | Curran et al., 2006 |
| Mesoamericatrema magnisacculus | This study | OP279638- OP279642 | Atherinella alvarezi | Mexico: Arroyo San Jose, Chiapas | This study |
| Paracreptotrema blancoi | Choudhury, Perez Ponce de Leon, Brooks & Daverdin, 2006 | KT833285 | Priapichthys annectens | Costa Rica: Orosi River | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2016 |
| Paracreptotrema rosenthali | Bautista-Hernandez, Monks, Pulido-Flores & Miranda, 2015 | KT833287 | Xiphophorus malinche | Mexico: Malila River, Hidalgo | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2016 |
| Paracreptotrematoides heterandriae | (Salgado-Maldonado, Caspeta-Mandujano & Vazquez, 2012) Perez Ponce de Leon, Pinacho-Pinacho, Mendoza-Garfias, Choudhury & Garcia-Varela, 2016 | KF697693 | Heterandria bimaculata | Mexico: Agua Bendita, Xico, Veracruz | Razo-Mendivil et al., 2014a |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema axtlaensis | Mendoza-Garfias & Choudhury, 2020 | MT180832 | Agonostomus monticola | Mexico: Axtla de Terrazas, San Luis Potosi | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2020 |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema falciformis | Hernändez-Mena & Pinacho-Pinacho, 2020 | MT180829 | Agonostomus monticola | Mexico: Matias Romero, Oaxaca | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2020 |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema macroacetabulata | Perez Ponce de Leon, Pinacho-Pinacho, Mendoza-Garfias, Choudhury & Garcia-Varela, 2016 | KT833322 | Profundulus kreiseri | Guatemala: Puente Sansare | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2016 |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema pacificum | Sereno-Uribe & Garcia-Varela, 2020 | MT180810 | Agonostomus monticola | Costa Rica: Rio Lajas | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2020 |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema profundulusi | (Salgado-Maldonado, Caspeta-Mandujano & Martinez- Ramirez, 2011) Perez Ponce de Leon, Pinacho-Pinacho, Mendoza-Garfias, Choudhury & Garcia-Varela, 2016 | KT833290 | Profundulus sp. | Mexico: Templo River, San Juan del Rio, Oaxaca | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2016 |
| Wallinia anindoi | Hernändez Mena, Pinacho-Pinacho, Garcia-Varela, Mendoza- Garfias & Perez-Ponce de Leon, 2018 | MH997003 | Astyanax aeneus | Mexico: San Juan del Rio, Oaxaca | Hernändez Mena et al., 2018 |
| Wallinia brasiliensis | Dias, Müller, Almeida, Silva, Azevedo, Perez-Ponce de Leon & Abdallah, 2018 | MH520995 | Astyanax fasciatus | Brazil: Upper Paranä River Basin | Dias et al., 2018 |
| Wallinia caririensis | Silva, Dias, Silva & Yamada, 2020 | MW024866 | Astyanax bimaculatus | Brazil: Batateiras River | da Silva et al., 2021 |
| Wallinia chavarriae | Choudhury, Daverdin & Brooks, 2002 | HC833703 | Astyanax aeneus | Costa Rica: Animas River, Guanacaste | Curran et al., 2011 |
| Wallinia mexicana | Perez-Ponce de Leon, Razo-Mendivil, Mendoza-Garfia, Rubio-Godoy & Choudhury, 2015 | KJ535504 | Astyanax mexicanus | Mexico: Covadonga River, Durango | Perez-Ponce de Leon et al., 2016 |
| CALLODISTOMIDAE | Odhner, 1910 | ||||
| Prosthenhystera caballeroi | Jimenez-Guzmän, 1973 | KM871185 | Astyanax aeneus | Costa Rica: Tampisquto River, Guanacaste | Tkach and Curran, 2015 |
| Prosthenhystera obesa | (Diesing, 1850) Travassos, 1922 | AY222206 | Hoplias sp. | Peru: Itaya River, Iquitos | Olson et al., 2003 |
| Prosthenhystera oonastica | Tkach & Curran, 2015 | KM871181 | Pylodictis olivaris | USA: Pearl River, Mississippi | Tkach and Curran, 2015 |
Fig. 1
Mesoamericatrema magnisacculus n. sp.: a) Dorso-ventral view of the holotype (scale bar= 200 μm); a) Lateral view of a paratype (scale bar= 200 μm); c) and d) Ventral view of two different male genitalia, showing the cirrus sac containing the seminal vesicle, the pars prostatica, and the ejaculatory duct (scale bar= 100 μm). The seminal vesicle is embedded in a very thick sac.
Fig. 2
Scanning electron micrographs of Mesoamericatrema magnisacculus n. sp.: A) ventral view of the entire body (scale bar= 100 μm); B) and C) ventral view of two different oral suckers showing the oral papillae (6 external anterior in blue arrows, 4 internal in green arrows and 5 external posterior in red arrows; scale bar= 25 μm); d) ventral view of the ventral sucker (scale bar= 25 μm); e) ventral view of terminal excretory pore at posterior end of hindbody (scale bar= 25 μm); f) close-up of an external oral papilla (scale bar= 5 μm); g) sperm leaving the genital pore (scale bar= 5 μm); h) egg released through the genital pore (scale bar= 25 μm).
Fig. 3
Photographs where the size of the cirrus bag is observed with respect to the size of the body. The length of the ejaculatory duct, the pars prostatica and the seminal vesicle, which is surrounded by a thick wall of the sac, are also observed; a), b) and c) paratypes stained with Mayer’s paracarmine; d) paratype stained with Gomori’s trichrome. Scale bar= 50 μm.
Fig. 4
Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of the 28S gene for Allocreadiidae species, showing the position of the new genus that is highlighted in bold red font (–ln= 9888.861897). Numbers near internal nodes indicate bootstrap support and posterior probabilities values.
Table 2
Genetic distances between Mesoamericatrema magnisacculus n. gen. n. sp. and the Allocreadiidae species of the Neotropical clade in the 28S and ITS ribosomal genes (na= sequences not available in Genbank).
| 28S | ITS | |
|---|---|---|
| Creptotrema schubarti | 5.63 | na |
| Creptotrema guacurarii | 5.37 | na |
| Creptotrema creptotrema | 5.53 | na |
| Creptotrema tica | 3.75 | na |
| Creptotrema cf. stenopteri | 5.01 | na |
| Creptotrema megacetabularis | 4.71 | na |
| Creptotrema totonacapanensis | 3.83 | 4.94 |
| Creptotrema conconae | 6.42 | na |
| Creptotrema lobata | 3.75 | 4.63 |
| Creptotrema astyanace | 3.79 | 4.40 |
| Wallinia brasiliensis | 5.20 | na |
| Wallinia anindoi | 5.43 | na |
| Wallinia caririensis | 6.24 | na |
| Wallinia mexicana | 5.76 | na |
| Wallinia chavarriae | 3.94 | 5.12 |
| Creptotrematina batalhensis | 5.46 | 4.81 |
| Creptotrematina aguirrepequenoi | 4.59 | 5.65 |
| Paracreptotrema blancoi | 3.91 | 7.29 |
| Paracreptotrema rosenthali | 5.69 | 8.27 |
| Paracreptotrematoides heterandriae | 4.62 | 4.34 |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema axtlaense | 5.03 | na |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema falciforme | 4.86 | na |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema macroacetabulatum | 3.93 | 7.56 |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema pacificum | 5.61 | na |
| Pseudoparacreptotrema profundulusi | 5.29 | 7.56 |
Fig. 5
Phylogenetic tree of the species of Allocreadiidae with Neotropical distribution, indicating their definitive hosts and the families of fish to which they belong with Neotropical affinity.