Fig. 1
Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on nematode abundance, functional guilds and microbial communities_
| Ecosystem | Soil | Date | E × S | E x D | S :D x | Ecosystem | Soil | Date | E × S × D | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | Meadow | Agricultural field | Forest | Stagnosol | Cambisol | Chernozem | May | July | Sept | F | P | |
| Nabund | 2.36 | ns | 92.49 | < 0.01 | 15.04 | < 0.01 | 37.97 | < 0.01 | 5.57 | < 0.01 | 1.63 | ns | 479.8±119.8 | 540.1±322.5 | 451.8±169.5 | 351.6±150.1 | 435.8±104.9 | 671.3±260.3 | 549.2±276.3 | 418.1±165.9 | 504.1±201.8 | 1.59 | ns |
| Nspec | 5.69 | < 0.01 | 4.87 | <0.01 | 0.88 | ns | 12.45 | < 0.01 | 1.98 | ns | 2.98 | ns | 33.2±5.7 | 25.2±6.2 | 37.1±4.1 | 24.1±5.8 | 32.5±6.3 | 38.5±7.5 | 33.0±7.7 | 29.0±11 | 31.7±8.4 | 1.12 | ns |
| Ba1 | 6.19 | < 0.01 | 85.42 | <0.01 | 1.24 | ns | 21.63 | < 0.01 | 1.78 | ns | 1.76 | ns | 10.9±11.1 | 38.6±43.9 | 22.18±21.8 | 4.2±5.8 | 41.9±41.6 | 25.6±20.7 | 22.6±30.4 | 21.1±25.6 | 28.1±36.3 | 0.97 | ns |
| Ba2 | 5.49 | < 0.01 | 12.36 | <0.01 | 11.48 | < 0.01 | 35.72 | < 0.01 | 6.11 | < 0.01 | 2.44 | ns | 159.4±80.3 | 181.8±118.6 | 190.8±84.5 | 145.8±87.3 | 150.3±52.0 | 214.6±122.0 | 207.8±117.8 | 147.2±75.4 | 165.8±81.2 | 1.70 | ns |
| Ba3 | 39.96 | < 0.01 | 117.06 | <0.01 | 2.9 | ns | 29.93 | < 0.01 | 1.24 | ns | 3.98 | ns | 2.3±5.0 | 0.0±0.0 | 3.1±5.5 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.2±0.7 | 5.11±6.5 | 1.0±2.6 | 2.9±6.4 | 1.4±3.3 | 2.12 | ns |
| Ba4 | 5.82 | < 0.01 | 28.8 | <0.01 | 0.07 | ns | 1.9 | ns | 0.69 | ns | 0.77 | ns | 3.7±7.2 | 1.5±3.6 | 2.9±4.0 | 0.9±1.6 | 0.6±1.3 | 6.6±7.5 | 2.9±6.3 | 2.5±4.8 | 2.7±4.7 | 0.83 | ns |
| Ca3 | 15.89 | < 0.01 | 24.98 | <0.01 | 0.67 | ns | 7.47 | < 0.01 | 0.47 | ns | 0.27 | ns | 1.0±1.7 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.6±1.2 | 0.0 ±0.0 | 0.3±0.9 | 1.3±1.8 | 0.4±1.2 | 0.6±1.4 | 0.5±1.3 | 0.22 | ns |
| Ca4 | 45.67 | < 0.01 | 63.63 | <0.01 | 0.08 | ns | 31.3 | < 0.01 | 0.23 | ns | 0.14 | ns | 3.9±3.9 | 1.8±3.5 | 10.4±9.7 | 1.0±2.2 | 7.0±7.6 | 8.1±8.4 | 5.1±6.8 | 5.8±8.3 | 5.2±6.9 | 0.80 | ns |
| Ca5 | 11.63 | < 0.01 | 11.63 | <0.01 | 1.22 | ns | 11.63 | < 0.01 | 1.22 | ns | 1.22 | ns | 0.0±0.0 | 0.6±1.6 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.6±1.6 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.2±0.9 | 0.3±1.3 | 0.1 ±0.4 | 1.22 | ns |
| Fu2 | 7.03 | < 0.01 | 50.64 | <0.01 | 3.42 | < 0.05 | 30.43 | < 0.01 | 6.69 | < 0.01 | 1.42 | ns | 97.8±34.7 | 155.6±156.7 | 87.5±52.6 | 68.1±38.5 | 90.1±40.4 | 182.7±143.5 | 122.4±127.5 | 92.2±126.2 | 126.2±104.5 | 1.42 | ns |
| Fu3 | 4.06 | < 0.05 | 4.06 | <0.05 | 0.79 | ns | 7.88 | < 0.01 | 0.57 | ns | 0.57 | ns | 1.4±4.5 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.3±1.2 | 0.3±1.2 | 0.0±0.0 | 1.4±4.5 | 0.5±0.3 | 0.5±1.2 | 0.8±2.7 | 0.68 | ns |
| Fu4 | 29.26 | < 0.01 | 18.65 | < 0.01 | 0.18 | ns | 14.74 | < 0.01 | 1.20 | ns | 0.90 | ns | 3.7±4.9 | 0.0±0.0 | 5.3±9.3 | 1.9±4.4 | 0.9±2.2 | 6.2±9.2 | 3.6±8.3 | 2.8±5.4 | 2.5±5.3 | 0.89 | ns |
| Om4 | 4.24 | < 0.05 | 43.16 | < 0.01 | 2.41 | ns | 10.80 | < 0.01 | 0.62 | ns | 1.13 | ns | 31.2±29.8 | 21.7±19.0 | 41.0±37.0 | 16.0±16.8 | 35.8±22.2 | 52.1 ±35.1 | 41.5±37.2 | 33.2±25.2 | 29.3±24.0 | 0.55 | ns |
| Om5 | 5.32 | < 0.05 | 22.74 | < 0.01 | 0.94 | ns | 4.84 | < 0.01 | 0.65 | ns | 2.36 | ns | 19.8±7.4 | 8.7±12.1 | 15.4±13.2 | 8.2±9.1 | 8.6±5.3 | 20.1±13.7 | 12.8±10.3 | 12.5±14.2 | 11.7±9.1 | 1.87 | ns |
| Pp2 | 19.66 | < 0.01 | 1.02 | ns | 6.47 | < 0.01 | 9.28 | < 0.01 | 1.03 | ns | 2.55 | ns | 62.4±42.9 | 54.8±47.0 | 25.3±20.1 | 46.7±46.9 | 43.3±29.1 | 52.4±46.3 | 49.4±33.9 | 33.0±27.5 | 59.9±54.4 | 2.55 | ns |
| Pp3 | 27.71 | < 0.01 | 24.21 | < 0.01 | 0.11 | ns | 14.19 | < 0.01 | 0.75 | ns | 5.04 | < 0.01 | 74.9±43.3 | 57.8±39.2 | 28.1±24.5 | 36.6±36.2 | 49.2±30.5 | 74.7±46.3 | 58.4±46.8 | 49.1±34.6 | 52.9±41.5 | 2.38 | ns |
| Pp5 | 3.46 | < 0.05 | 3.78 | <0.05 | 0.59 | ns | 7.78 | < 0.01 | 0.37 | ns | 0.37 | ns | 0.27±0.95 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.5±1.3 | 0.3±0.9 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.5±1.3 | 0.4±1.2 | 0.2±0.8 | 0.2±0.8 | 0.48 | ns |
| Cmic | 175.55 | < 0.01 | 295.91 | <0.01 | 2.84 | ns | 5.02 | < 0.01 | 0.69 | ns | 2.64 | <0.05 | 335.2±118.3 | 207.9±91.5 | 400.1±145.5 | 183.0±65.9 | 325.9±119.4 | 434.4±109.2 | 316.0±129.1 | 300.4±143.4 | 326.8±157.8 | 19.0 | ns |
| Richn | 3.60 | < 0.05 | 50.90 | <0.01 | 11.28 | < 0.01 | 1.88 | ns | 0.68 | ns | 14.01 | < 0.01 | 26.2±2.39 | 25.5±1.86 | 26.5±2.93 | 24.2±2.3 | 26.8±1.96 | 27.2±1.9 | 25.8±1.8 | 26.9±1.9 | 25.5±3.2 | 3.19 | < 0.01 |
| Diver | 3.15 | <0.05 | 53.52 | <0.01 | 0.69 | ns | 1.96 | ns | 2.24 | ns | 4.69 | < 0.01 | 14.51±2.6 | 13.85±2.4 | 14.9±3.0 | 12.1 ±2.9 | 15.6±2.3 | 15.6±2.4 | 14.2±2.1 | 14.7±2.7 | 14.5±3.2 | 34.2 | < 0.01 |
| E: meadow, agriculture and forest; S: Stagnosol, Cambisol and Chernozem; D: May, July, and September | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on nematode trophic-web descriptors_
| Ecosystem | Soil | Date | E × S | E × D | S × D | Ecosystem | Soil | Date | E × S × D | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | Meadow | Agricultural field | Forest | Stagnosol | Cambisol | Chernozem | May | July | Sept | F | P | |
| MI | 18.86 | < 0.01 | 21.28 | <0.01 | 5.56 | < 0.01 | 44.11 | < 0.01 | 4.22 | < 0.01 | 2.04 | <0.05 | 2.32±0.19 | 2.21±0.23 | 2.37±0.23 | 2.25±0.20 | 2.24±0.23 | 2.41±0.23 | 2.33±0.25 | 2.32±0.24 | 2.24±0.19 | 1.83 | <0.05 |
| ΣMI | 11.34 | < 0.01 | 25.74 | < 0.01 | 3.89 | < 0.05 | 28.66 | < 0.01 | 2.27 | ns | 0.95 | ns | 2.38±0.17 | 2.28±0.16 | 2.39±0.21 | 2.28±0.15 | 2.30±0.15 | 2.45±0.20 | 2.35±0.22 | 2.38±0.18 | 2.31 ±0.16 | 1.46 | ns |
| PPI | 0.70 | ns | 16.05 | < 0.01 | 7.03 | < 0.01 | 8.30 | < 0.01 | 2.24 | ns | 6.25 | < 0.01 | 2.5±0.20 | 2.53±0.22 | 2.51±0.26 | 2.43±0.24 | 2.53±0.20 | 2.62±0.20 | 2.59±0.23 | 2.60±0.21 | 2.38±0.22 | 6.41 | < 0.01 |
| H' | 125.08 | < 0.01 | 87.76 | < 0.01 | 0.73 | ns | 22.99 | < 0.01 | 0.99 | ns | 2.50 | <0.05 | 2.91 ±0.22 | 2.60±0.15 | 3.02±0.29 | 2.64±0.18 | 2.88±0.25 | 3.01±0.30 | 2.82±0.26 | 2.85±0.28 | 2.86±0.33 | 2.67 | <0.05 |
| EI | 4.52 | < 0.05 | 9.05 | < 0.01 | 1.46 | ns | 14.80 | < 0.01 | 0.76 | ns | 2.32 | ns | 41.3±9.9 | 46.7±12.4 | 46.2±11.3 | 38.9±5.6 | 47.8±14.8 | 47.1±10.5 | 42.3±9.4 | 46.3±13.2 | 45.3±11.8 | 4.70 | < 0.01 |
| SI | 4.53 | < 0.05 | 61.88 | < 0.01 | 1.78 | ns | 25.55 | < 0.01 | 6.20 | < 0.01 | 3.60 | <0.01 | 44.3±18.4 | 41.0±13.3 | 49.2±18.4 | 30.7±12.1 | 50.5±10.8 | 53.2±18.2 | 44.5±19.4 | 47.1±16.5 | 42.9±15.7 | 2.06 | <0.05 |
| CI | 53.82 | < 0.01 | 61.48 | < 0.01 | 0.11 | ns | 182.05 | < 0.01 | 13.74 | <0.01 | 3.14 | <0.05 | 68.5±16.8 | 57.9±30.1 | 52.7±16.3 | 64.4±18.9 | 52.7±28.8 | 61.9±18.4 | 60.1±23.8 | 61.6±24.9 | 57.5±20.3 | 15.57 | <0.01 |
| NCR | 7.77 | < 0.01 | 34.25 | < 0.01 | 5.17 | < 0.01 | 42.19 | <0.01 | 6.01 | <0.01 | 1.88 | ns | 0.65±0.12 | 0.63±0.16 | 0.69±0.13 | 0.69±0.14 | 0.70±0.12 | 0.57±0.12 | 0.69±0.12 | 0.65±0.13 | 0.64±0.16 | 4.02 | < 0.01 |
| TD | 19.17 | < 0.01 | 15.09 | < 0.01 | 0.009 | ns | 16.81 | <0.01 | 1.75 | ns | 1.15 | ns | 12.2±2.4 | 10.5±4.2 | 14.7±2.1 | 10.5±3.2 | 13.2±1.9 | 13.7±2.4 | 12.3±0.8 | 12.5±0.7 | 12.9±0.7 | 1.34 | ns |
Mean abundance of nematode species (100 g of dry soil) in the three ecosystems (forest (FOR), meadow (MEA), and agricultural field (AGR)) and types of soil (Stagnosol (SS), Cambisol (CS), and Chernozem (CM)) (n=45)_ Bold figures indicate dominance >2 but <5%, and bold and underlined figures indicate dominance >5%_
| Ecosystem | Soil | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxon | TG/FG | FOR | MEA | AGR | SS | CS | CM |
| Mesorhabditis spp. juvs | Ba1 | 13.5 | 0.6 | 13.4 | 17.4 | 10.1 | |
| Panagrolaimus rigidus | Ba1 | 2.0 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 1.3 | 5.8 | 8.2 |
| Rhabditis spp. juvs | Ba1 | 6.7 | 4.3 | 18.1 | 2.9 | 18.7 | 7.4 |
| Acrobeles ciliatus | Ba2 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 23.4 | |||
| Acrobeloides buetschlii | Ba2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||
| Acrobeloides nanus | Ba2 | ||||||
| Acrobelophis minimus | Ba2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||||
| Acrolobus emarginatus | Ba2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| Anaplectus granulosus | Ba2 | 2.5 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 7.2 |
| Cervidellus cervus | Ba2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| Cervidellus vexiliger | Ba2 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 8.4 | ||
| Cephalobus persegnis | Ba2 | 14.3 | 22.7 | 11.5 | |||
| Ereptonema arcticum | Ba2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | ||||
| Eucephalobus mucronatus | Ba2 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.6 | |||
| Eucephalobus oxyuroides | Ba2 | 12.6 | 13.5 | 17.5 | 7.7 | 13.9 | |
| Eucephalobus striatus | Ba2 | 7.2 | 3.3 | 13.5 | 5.1 | ||
| Eumonhystera dispar | Ba2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Eumonystera filiformis | Ba2 | 1.7 | 2.4 | ||||
| Geomonhystera villosa | Ba2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Heterocephalobus elongatus | Ba2 | 8.6 | 4.0 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 2.2 |
| Heterocephalobus eurystoma (N) | Ba2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||
| Chiloplacus demani | Ba2 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 1.6 | |||
| Chiloplacus propinquus | Ba2 | 23.8 | 12.2 | ||||
| Chiloplacus symmetricus | Ba2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Plectus acuminatus | Ba2 | 1.1 | 8.1 | 0.9 | 5.6 | 2.6 | |
| Plectus cirratus | Ba2 | 7.3 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 2.1 | |
| Plectus communis | Ba2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | ||||
| Plectus longicaudatus | Ba2 | 3.8 | 2.0 | 1.8 | |||
| Plectus parietinus | Ba2 | 6.3 | 9.9 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 4.4 | 12.4 |
| Plectus parvus | Ba2 | 10.9 | 15.0 | 15.5 | 4.6 | 5.8 | |
| Plectus rhizophilus | Ba2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||||
| Plectus silvaticus | Ba2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ||||
| Seleborca complexa | Ba2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||
| Stegelletina leopolitensis (N) | Ba2 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 2.4 | ||
| Wilsonema schuurmansstekhoveni | Ba2 | 6.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 2.9 | |
| Aulolaimus oxycephalus | Ba3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ||||
| Bastiania gracilis | Ba3 | 0.2 | |||||
| Prismatolaimus intermedius | Ba3 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 3.5 | |||
| Teratocephalus lirellus | Ba3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| Teratocephalus terrestris | Ba3 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 | |||
| Alaimus parvus | Ba4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||||
| Alaimus primitivus | Ba4 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 6.3 |
| Amphidelus coronatus | Ba4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||
| Amphidelus elegans | Ba4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
| Tripyla affinis | Ca3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.4 | |||
| Trischistoma monohystera | Ca3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||
| Clarkus papillatus | Ca4 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 3.0 | |
| Coomansus parvus | Ca4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.1 | ||
| Coomanus zschokkei | Ca4 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||
| Ironus macramphis | Ca4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||
| Mylonchulus brachyuris | Ca4 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
| Prionchulus muscorum | Ca4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | ||||
| Paravulus hartingii | Ca5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||||
| Aphelenchoides bicaudatus | Fu2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | ||
| Aphelenchoides composticola | Fu2 | 9.7 | 11.0 | 0.9 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 8.9 |
| Aphelenchoides limberi | Fu2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.2 | |||
| Aphelenchoides parietinus | Fu2 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 14.8 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 21.6 |
| Aphelenchoides saprophilus | Fu2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | |
| Aphelenchus avenae | Fu2 | ||||||
| Ditylenchus dipsaci | Fu2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.1 | |||
| Ditylenchus intermedius | Fu2 | 3.6 | 15.7* | 8.3 | 4.7 | 6.3 | |
| Ditylenchus longicauda | Fu2 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | |||
| Ditylenchus longimetricalis | Fu2 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 1.7 | |||
| Ditylenchus myceliophagus | Fu2 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.7 | ||
| Ditylenchus parvus (N) | Fu2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | ||||
| Ditylenchus tenuidens (N) | Fu2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | ||||
| Ditylenchus sp. | Fu2 | 1.7 | 1.7 | ||||
| Filenchus discrepans | Fu2 | 2.6 | 2.6 | ||||
| Filenchus misellus | Fu2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Filenchus polyhypnus | Fu2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | ||||
| Filenchus thornei | Fu2 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.3 | ||
| Filenchus vulgaris | Fu2 | 8.1 | 19.1 | 13.7 | |||
| Hexatylus viviparus | Fu2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||
| Nothotylenchus acris | Fu2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||
| Paraphelenchus obscurus (N) | Fu2 | 4.6 | 4.6 | ||||
| Paraphelenchus pseudoparietinus | Fu2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 2.1 | |
| Diphtherophora communis | Fu3 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.4 | ||
| Tylencholaimus mirablis | Fu4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.6 | |||
| Tylencholaimus stecki | Fu4 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 0.9 | ||
| Tylencholaimus teres | Fu4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||
| Aporcelaimus superbus | Om4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||
| Campydora demonstrans | Om4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||
| Crassolabium ettersbergense | Om4 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 | ||
| Dorydorella bryophila | Om4 | 3.7 | 6.7 | 10.4 | |||
| Dorylaimoides micoletzkyi | Om4 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.8 | |
| Ecumenicus monohystera | Om4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 2.8 | |
| Eudorylaimus carteri | Om4 | 3.9 | 19.5 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 11.3 |
| Eudorylaimus leuckarti | Om4 | 9.9 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 10.5 |
| Eudorylaimus iners | Om4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | ||||
| Eudorylaimus opistohystera | Om4 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 4.1 | |
| Eudorylaimus spp. juvs | Om4 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 5.3 |
| Mesodorylaimus meyli | Om4 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||
| Microdorylaimus parvus | Om4 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 5.6 | 0.2 | |
| Pungentus silvestris | Om4 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 4.2 | |||
| Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus | Om5 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 6.8 | 2.3 | 4.7 | 11.6 |
| Axonchium propinquum | Om5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| Discolaimus major | Om5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||||
| Discolaimus texanus | Om5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||
| Epidorylaimus agilis | Om5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||
| Mesodorylaimus bastiani | Om5 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 4.8 | 0.6 | 2.1 |
| Metaxonchium coronatum | Om5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||||
| Nygolaimus brachyuris | Om5 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 | |||
| Oxydirus oxycephalus | Om5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 2.6 |
| Paraxonchium laetificans | Om5 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 | ||
| Prodorylaimus acris | Om5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | ||
| Aglenchus agricola | Pp2 | 1.9 | 6.4 | 10.3 | 4.8 | 28.7 | |
| Basiria gracilis | Pp2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||
| Basiria similis | Pp2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |||
| Basiria tumida | Pp2 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 0.2 | |||
| Boleodorus thylactus | Pp2 | 0.5 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 4.0 | ||
| Boleodorus volutus (N) | Pp2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | |||
| Cephalenchus intermedius (N) | Pp2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||
| Coslenchus andrássyi (N) | Pp2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||
| Coslenchus costatus | Pp2 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.7 | |||
| Ecphyadophora tenuissima (N) | Pp2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||
| Malenchus acarayensis | Pp2 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 4.4 | |||
| Malenchus bryophilus | Pp2 | 12.4 | 2.2 | 14.6 | |||
| Malenchus exiguus | Pp2 | 2.6 | 10.1 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 6.8 | |
| Malenchus gratiosus | Pp2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||||
| Neopsilenchus magnidens | Pp2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||
| Tylenchus davainei | Pp2 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 5.9 |
| Paratylenchus bukowinensis | Pp2 | 15.8 | 11.5 | 4.3 | |||
| Paratylenchus microdorus | Pp2 | 10.9 | 3.5 | 6.4 | 1.0 | ||
| Paratylenchus projectus | Pp2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | ||||
| Psilenchus hilarulus | Pp2 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 0.2 | ||
| Amplimerlinius macrurus | Pp3 | 0.7 | 14.8 | 14.3 | 0.7 | ||
| Bitylenchus dubius | Pp3 | 10.8 | 12.8 | 4.1 | 19.5 | ||
| Bitylenchus maximus | Pp3 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | |||
| Geocenamus brevidens | Pp3 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 1.7 | ||
| Geocenamus microdorus | Pp3 | ||||||
| Geocenamus nanus | Po3 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 5.0 | |||
| Helicotylenchus canadensis | Pp3 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 5.1 | |||
| Helicotylenhus digonicus | Pp3 | 11.0 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 8.4 | ||
| Helicotylencus dihystera | Pp3 | 10.2 | 10.2 | ||||
| Heterodera mani juvs | Pp3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | ||||
| Heterodera avenae juvs | Pp3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | |||
| Meloidogyne hapla | Pp3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ||||
| Nagelus obscurus | Pp3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ||||
| Pratylenchoides crenicauda | Pp3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | |||
| Pratylenchus crenatus | Pp3 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | |||
| Pratylenchus penetrans | Pp3 | 4.6 | 9.7 | 7.5 | 9.7 | ||
| Pratylenchus pratensis | Pp3 | 9.1 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 0.6 | 6.8 | |
| Tylenchorhynchus bicaudatus | Pp3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus | Pp3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | ||||
| Longidorus elongatus | Pp5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||
| Longidorus intermedius | Pp5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||
| Total number of species | 99 | 90 | 53 | 60 | 81 | 102 | |
Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on basic soil physical and chemical characteristics_
| Ecosystem | Soil | Date | E × S | E × D | S × D | Ecosystem | Soil | Date | E × S × D | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | Meadow | Agricultural field | Forest | Stagnosol | Cambisol | Chernozem | May | July | Sept | F | P | |
| pH/H2O | 28.91 | < 0.01 | 598.43 | < 0.01 | 2.95 | ns | 80.12 | <0.01 | 2.63 | <0.05 | 2.05 | ns | 5.88±0.78 | 5.79±0.75 | 5.54±1.08 | 4.82±0.61 | 5.71±0.41 | 6.68±0.32 | 5.68±0.88 | 5.71±0.87 | 5.81 ±0.92 | 1.08 | ns |
| SM | 60.14 | < 0.01 | 0.99 | ns | 131.43 | < 0.01 | 2.72 | < 0.05 | 5.39 | < 0.01 | 33.88 | ns | 26.33±7.28 | 22.14±5.14 | 30.78±8.64 | 26.15±8.96 | 26.93±8.85 | 26.15±5.75 | 26.68±8.04 | 20.52±5.47 | 32.10±5.3 | 2.53 | <0.05 |
| N | 156.52 | < 0.01 | 122.56 | < 0.01 | 0.15 | ns | 11.22 | < 0.01 | 0.29 | ns | 2.60 | ns | 0.377±0.10 | 0.205±0.07 | 0.395±0.13 | 0.244±0.06 | 0.300±0.09 | 0.434±0.15 | 0.326±0.12 | 0.321±0.12 | 0.331±0.16 | 1.36 | ns |
| C | 275.46 | < 0.01 | 140.58 | < 0.01 | 0.08 | ns | 6.33 | < 0.01 | 0.41 | ns | 1.89 | ns | 3.588±1.05 | 1.955±0.85 | 4.395±1.28 | 2.429±0.84 | 3.127±1.321 | 4.382±1.48 | 3.298±1.38 | 3.271±1.40 | 3.369±1.64 | 1.87 | ns |
| S | 32.62 | < 0.01 | 51.84 | < 0.01 | 2.11 | ns | 10.39 | < 0.01 | 4.79 | < 0.01 | 3.75 | ns | 0.071±0.02 | 0.048±0.01 | 0.070±0.02 | 0.049±0.02 | 0.060±0.01 | 0.082±0.02 | 0.067±0.03 | 0.060±0.18 | 0.063±0.02 | 2.71 | <0.01 |
| C/N | 171.64 | < 0.01 | 7.51 | < 0.01 | 1.81 | ns | 49.09 | < 0.01 | 1.86 | ns | 1.21 | ns | 9.49±0.54 | 9.35±0.98 | 11.28±1.06 | 9.86±1.70 | 10.08±1.21 | 10.18±0.56 | 9.95±1.32 | 10.04±1.24 | 10.14±1.16 | 1.80 | ns |
Soil type, location, ecosystem type, and vegetation characteristics of the study plots_
| Soil type | Location/characteristics | Ecosystem | Vegetation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hanušovce nad Topľou Altitude 258 – 308 m a.s.l., slope 3 – 7° | Forest 49°00.339′N, 21°31.248′E | Carpinus betulus (90 %), Pinus sylvestris (5 %), sporadically Prunus avium, Fagus sylvatica, and Betula pendula. Understory vegetation dominated by grasses Carex pilosa, Festuca drymeja, and Poa memoralis and | |
| Soil with strong mottling of the soil profile due to redox processes | herbs Dentaria bulbifera and Fragaria vesca | ||
| Stagnosol | caused by stagnating surface water, The topsoil can also be completely bleached (albic horizon). A common name in many national classification systems for most Stagnosols is | Meadow 49°00.658′N, 21°30.058′E | Carex sp., Lolium perenne, Fragaria vesca, Trifolium pratense, Plantago sp. Leucanthemum sp. |
| pseudogley. | Agricultural field 49°00.727′N, 21°30.344′E | Zea mays monoculture | |
| Tŕnie Altitude 550 – 554 m a.s.l., slope 3 – 7° | Forest 48°36.712′N, 19°01.462′E | Carpinus betulus (75 %), Quercus robur (10 %), Tilia cordata (10 %), and sporadically Prunus avium Understory herbaceous vegetation dominated by Viola reichenbachiana, Geranium robertianum, | |
| Soil with a beginning of soil formation. The horizon differentiation is weak. This | Asarum europaeum, Luzula sylvatica, Galium odoratum, and Hedera helix. | ||
| Cambisol | is evident from weak, mostly brownish discolouration and/or structure formation in the soil profile. Cambisols are | Meadow 48°36.683′N, 19°01.494′E | Trifolium pratense, Agrimonia eupatoria, and grasses such as Carex sp., Poa sp., Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium pratense, Rumex acetosa |
| developed in medium and fine-textured materials derived from | |||
| a wide range of rocks, mostly in alluvial, colluvial and aeolian deposits. | Agricultural field N 48°36.660′N, E 19°01.503′E | Zea mays monoculture | |
| Močenok Altitude 135 – 180 m a.s.l., | Forest 48°12.960′N, | Fraxinus excelsior (80 %), Quercus petraea (20 %), and sporadically Robinia pseudoacacia. | |
| slope 0 – 3° Black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus (4 % to 16 %) | 17°57.854′E | Understory vegetation dominated by grasses Poa nemoralis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Melica uniflora, and Dactylis polygama | |
| Chernozem | and high percentages of phosphoric cids, phosphorus, and ammonia. Chernozem is very fertile and can produce high agricultural yields with its high moisture storage capacity. Chernozems are also a reference soil group of the World reference | Meadow 49°00.339′N, 21°30.344′E | Carex sp., Phleum pratense, Arrhenatherum elatius, Trifolium pratense, Vicia sp., Rumex acetosa, Achillea millefolium |
| base for soil resources | Agricultural field 49°00.339′N, 21°30.344′E | Zea mays monoculture | |
Spearman´s rank correlation coefficients between nematode abundance, species number, functional guild, microbial parameters and soil properties_
| pH/H2O | SM | N | C | S | C/N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nabund | 0.35 P<0.01; | 0.68 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.42 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.29 P<0.01; | ns | ns |
| Nspec | 0.22 P<0.05; | ns | 0.31 P<0.05; | 0.37 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | ns |
| Ba1 | 0.44 P<0.01; | ns | 0.25 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.22 P<0.05; | 0.31 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns |
| Ba2 | ns | -0.23 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Ba3 | 0.54 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.26 P<0.05; | 0.44 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.41 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.42 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.21 P<0.05; |
| Ba4 | 0.43 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | 0.30 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.29 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.30 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns |
| Ca3 | 0.44 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.46 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.40 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.33 P<0.001; ns, not significant |
| Ca4 | 0.41 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | 0.21 P<0.05; | 0.22 P<0.05; | 0.22 P<0.01; | 0.21 P<0.01; |
| Ca5 | ns | 0.41 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.35 P<0.05; | ns | 0.36 P<0.05; | 0.26 P<0.05; |
| Fu2 | 0.55 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | 0.35 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.29 P<0.01; | 0.37 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns |
| Fu3 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Fu4 | 0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.37 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.29 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.26 P<0.01; | 0.27 P<0.01; | ns |
| Om4 | 0.42 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | ns | ns | 0.33 P<0.01; | ns |
| Om5 | 0.38 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | 0.21 P<0.05; | ns | 0.23 P<0.01; | ns |
| Pp2 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | -0.27 P<0.001; ns, not significant |
| Pp3 | 0.47 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.24 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Pp5 | 0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.37 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.28 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.28 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.29 P<0.01; | 0.38 P<0.001; ns, not significant |
| Cmic | 0.70 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.90 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.91 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.83 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.51 P<0.001; ns, not significant |
| Richn | 0.46 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | 0.47 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.45 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.53 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns |
| Diver | 0.47 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns | 0.40 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.38 P<0.001; ns, not significant | 0.50 P<0.001; ns, not significant | ns |