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Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths in primary school playgrounds in Edo State, southern Nigeria Cover

Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths in primary school playgrounds in Edo State, southern Nigeria

Helminthologia
Volume 56 (2019): Issue 4 (December 2019)
By: C. Isaac,  P. N. Turay,  C. U. Inegbenosun,  S. A. Ezekiel,  H. O. Adamu and  J. A. Ohiolei  
Open Access
|Nov 2019

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Map of Edo State indicating study locations.
Map of Edo State indicating study locations.

Fig. 2

Seasonal variations with Ascaris density.
Seasonal variations with Ascaris density.

Fig. 3

Seasonal variations with Strongyloides density.
Seasonal variations with Strongyloides density.

Fig. 4

Seasonal variations with hookworm density.
Seasonal variations with hookworm density.

Prevalence of soil parasites in the dry season_

Positive soil sampleParasites
Local Government AreaPrimary schoolJanuaryFebruaryMarchAscaris (ova) n(%)Strongyloides (larvae)Hookworm (ova) n(%)Trichuris (ova) n(%)
1--Hookworm
OredoAgbado pry sch2--Ascaris2(11.11)-4(22.22)-
3--Hookworm; Ascaris
1-Ascaris-
OrhionmwonAbudu pry sch2--Ascaris3(16.66)3(16.66)--
3-Strongyloides-
1-Strongyloides-
Ovia North-EastOluku Owina pry sch2-Strongyloides; Ascaris-4(22.22)4(22.22)--
3AscarisAscaris-
1HookwormHookworm-
Owan EastEteye pry sch2---2(11.11)-4(22.22)-
3-Ascaris; Hookworm-
1-Strongyloides; Hookworm-
Owan WestOzalla pry sch2AscarisHookworm-5(27.77)3(16.66)2(11.11)-
3AscarisAscaris; StrongyloidesAscaris
-
1---
UhunwondeArousa pry sch2---1(5.55)-1(5.55)-
3--Ascaris; Hookworm
1---
Etsako WestAibotse Igbei pry sch2-AscarisStrongyloides; Hookworm4(22.22)4(22.22)2(11.11)-
3AscarisAscarisStrongyloides
1-AscarisStrongyloides
IkpobaokhaObeson pry sch2-AscarisAscaris7(38.88)3(16.66)--
3--Ascaris
1-Trichuris-
Esan North- EastArue pry sch2-Ascaris-4(22.22)--2(11.11)
3Ascaris--
1HookwormHookwormStrongyloides
Esan CentralEguare pry sch2-HookwormAscaris7(38.88)3(16.66)4(22.22)-
3Ascaris-Ascaris
1HookwormStrongyloides-
Esan South-EastSacred heart pry sch2-Strongloides-4(22.22)4(22.22)2(11.11)-
3-AscarisAscaris
1Ascaris; Strogyloides--
Esan WestUjemen pry sch2-Strongyloides-4(22.22)3(16.66)3(16.66)-
3AscarisHookwormHookworm; Ascaris
1-HookwormStrongyloides
Etsako CentralObe pry sch2AscarisAscarisAscaris10(55.55)2(11.11)2(11.11)-
3Ascaris-Ascaris
1-HookwormStrongyloides
Etsako EastOghe-Okgbe pry sch2--Strongyloides2(11.11)5(27.77)3(16.66)-
1-Ascaris; Hookworm - -Strongyloides -
Akoko-EdoOrere pry sch2Hookworm; Ascaris-Strongyloides1(5.55)2(11.11)1(5.55)
3----
1-StrongyloidesAscaris
EgorEgor pry sch2-StrongyloidesHookworm3(16.66)5(27.77)2(11.11)-
3--Ascaris; Strongyloides
Total N(%)70(24.3)41(14.26)30(1.04)1(0.34)

Prevalence of soil parasites in the wet season_

Local Government AreaPrimary schoolPositive soil sampleParasites
MayJuneJulyAscaris (ova) n(%)Strongyloides (larvae)Hookworm (ova) n(%)Trichuris (ova) n(%)
1Ascaris; StrongyloidesAscarisStrongyloides
OredoAgbado pry sch2HookormStrongyloidesHookworm3(16.66)7(38.88)6(33.33)-
3Hookworm-Strongloides; Ascaris
1Strongyloides; HookwormStrongyloides
OrhionmwonAbudu pry sch2StrongyloidesHookwormStrongyloides-10(55.55)2(11.11)-
3StrongloidesStrongyloides-
1--Strongyloides; Ascaris
Ovia North-EastOluku Owina pry sch2AscarisAscaris-5(27.77)2(11.11)2(11.11)-
3--Hookworm
1---
Owan EastEteye pry sch2Hookworm-__2(11.11)1(5.55)_
3Strongyloides--
1Ascaris-Strongyloides
Owan WestOzalla pry sch2Strongyloides-Strongyloides3(16.66)5(27.77)--
3---
1-Ascaris-
UhunwondeArousa pry sch2-Ascaris-4(22.22)4(22.22)--
3-StrongyloidesStrongyloides
1-StrongyloidesAscaris
Etsako WestAibotse Igbei pry sch2Ascaris-Ascaris5(27.77)3(16.66)--
3AscarisStrongyloides-
1Ascaris-Ascaris; Strongyloides
IkpobaokhaObeson pry sch2AscarisAscarisStrongyloides; Hookworm7(38.88)4(22.22)1(5.55)-
3-Ascaris-
1Strongyloides; Ascaris-Strongyloides; Ascaris
Esan North- EastArue pry sch2AscarisTrichuris; StrongyloidesStrongyloides; Ascaris7(38.88)6(33.33)-1(5.55)
3Ascaris-Strongyloides
1StrongyloidesStrongyloides-
Esan CentralEguare pry sch2Strongyloides; Hookworm-Strongyloides2(11.11)7(38.88)2(11.11)3(16.66)
3Trichuris; AscarisTrichurisStrongyloides
1--Strongyloides
Esan South-EastSacred heart pry sch2AscarisAscarisStrongyloides6(33.33)4(22.22)2(11.11)-
3-AscarisStrongyloides
1-StrongyloidesAscaris; Hookworm
Esan WestUjemen pry sch2--Ascaris5(27.77)3(16.66)4(22.22)-
3HookwormHookwormAscaris
1---
Etsako CentralObe pry sch2-Strongyloides-2(11.11)3(16.66)--
3-Ascaris-
1---
Etsako EastOghe-Okgbe pry sch2-------
3---
1AscarisAscaris-
Akoko-EdoOrere pry sch2-StrongyloidesStrongyloides6(33.33)8(44.44)--
3StrongyloidesStrongyloidesStrongyloides
1---
EgorEgor pry sch2---2(11.11)2(11.11)--
3Ascaris-Strongyloides
Total N(%)57(19.79)70(24.3)20(6.94)4(1.38)

Frequency of occurrence of parasite-positive soil samples across primary school playground during the dry and wet seasons_

Local Government AreaPrimary schoolPositive soil sample (dry season)TotalPositive soil sample (wet season)TotalGrand total
JanuaryFebruaryMarchn(%)MayJuneJulyn(%)N(%)
OredoAgbado pry sch2068(44.44)64616(88.88)24(66.66)
OrhionmwonAbudu pry sch0628(44.44)66214(66.66)22(61.11)
Ovia-North EastOlukuowina pry sch2608(44.44)24612(66.66)20(55.55)
Owan EastEteye pry sch2406(33.33)4026(33.33)12(33.33)
Owan WestOzalla pry sch46212(66.66)40610(55.55)22(61.11)
UhunwondeArousa pry sch0022(11.11)26210(55.55)12(33.33)
Etsako WestAlbotse Igbei pry sch24410(55.55)44412(66.66)22(61.11)
IkpobaokhaOgbeson pry sch04610(55.55)42612(66.66)22(61.11)
Esan North- EastArue pry sch2406(33.33)62614(77.77)20(55.55)
Esan CentralEguare pry sch44614(77.77)64414(77.77)28(77.77)
Esan South-EastSacred heart pry sch26210(55.55)24612(66.66)22(61.11)
Esan WestUjemen pry sch44210(55.55)24612(66.66)22(61.11)
Etsako CentralObe pry sch44614(77.77)0426(33.33)20(55.55)
Etsako EastOghe-Okugbe pry sch04610(55.55)00000
Akoko EdoOrere pry sch2024(22.22)66416(88.88)20(55.55)
EgorEgor pry sch04610(55.55)42410(55.55)20(55.55)
Total30(31.25)60(62.5)52(54.16)142(49.3)58(60.41)52(54.16)66(68.75)176(61..11)318(55.2)

Description of sampled primary schools_

Local Government AreaPrimary SchoolLocationPopulation sizeState of perimeter fencingWater facilityToilet facility
OredoAgbado pry schUrban1240FencedBoreholePresent
OrhionmwonAbudu pry schRural918Not fencedAbsentPresent
Ovia-North-EastOlukuowina pry schSemi-urban877Not fencedAbsentPresent
Owan EastEteye pry schSemi-urban950Not fencedAbsentPresent
Owan WestOzalla pry schRural1294Not fencedAbsentAbsent
UhunwondeArousa pry schRural968FencedPresentPresent
Etsako WestAlbotse Igbei pry schSemi-urban690Not fencedAbsentAbsent
IkpobaokhaOgbeson pry schUrban1099FencedBoreholePresent
Esan North-EastArue pry schSemi-urban755Partial fencingWellPresent
Esan CentralEguare pry schSemi-urban940FencedWellPresent
Esan South-EastSacred heart pry schRural885Not fencedAbsentPresent
Esan WestUjemen pry schRural939Not fencedAbsentPresent
Etsako CentralObe pry schSemi-urban978FencedWellPresent
Etsako EastOghe-Okugbe pry schRural720FencedAbsentPresent
Akoko EdoOrere pry schUrban1000Not fencedAbsentPresent
EgorEgor pry schUrban844FencedAbsentPresent
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2019-0028 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 282 - 295
Submitted on: Jun 18, 2019
|
Accepted on: Jul 31, 2019
|
Published on: Nov 6, 2019
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Schoolchildren,
soil-transmitted helminths,
seasons,
Edo State,
southern Nigeria
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Zoology,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Clinical medicine,
Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2019 C. Isaac, P. N. Turay, C. U. Inegbenosun, S. A. Ezekiel, H. O. Adamu, J. A. Ohiolei, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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