Social responses to contemporary design of private outdoor residential spaces
By: Damian Hołownia and Małgorzata Kozak
References
- A Lesson from Social Distancing: Build Better Balconies, 2020. Bloomberg.com.
- Abe, H., Rijal, H.B., Hiroki, R., Iijima, K., Ohta, A., 2020. Thermal Mitigation of the Indoor and Outdoor Climate by Green Curtains in Japanese Condominiums. Climate 8, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8010008
- Balkon, 2025. Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia.
- Borcz, Z., Borcz, A., 2011. Funkcje i formy balkonów jako elementu architektonicznego. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura 10.
- Duarte, C.C., Cortiços, N.D., Stefańska, Anna, Stefańska, Aneta, 2023. Home Balconies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Future Architect’s Preferences in Lisbon and Warsaw. Applied Sciences 13, 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010298
- Dzielnice Lublina / lublin.eu – oficjalny portal miasta Lublin https://lublin.eu/kultura/program-dzielnice-kultury/dzielnice-lublina/#id_13 (accessed 4.14.25).
- Fernandes, J., Malheiro, R., Castro, M. de F., Gervásio, H., Silva, S.M., Mateus, R., 2020. Thermal Performance and Comfort Condition Analysis in a Vernacular Building with a Glazed Balcony. Energies 13, 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030624
- Hasan, H.A., Ismail, Khalid. j. A., Shekho, I.O., 2020. Impact of Design Requirements for Facade Formation on the Functional Performance of the Balcony Space in Residential Apartments. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 928, 022114. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/928/2/022114
- Hilliaho, K., Mäkitalo, E., Lahdensivu, J., 2015. Energy saving potential of glazed space: Sensitivity analysis. Energy and Buildings 99, 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.016
- IPCC, 2022. Global Warming of 1.5°C: IPCC Special Report on Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C above Pre-industrial Levels in Context of Strengthening Response to Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty. Cambridge University Press.
- Kennedy, R., Buys, L., Miller, E., 2015. Residents’ Experiences of Privacy and Comfort in Multi-Storey Apartment Dwellings in Subtropical Brisbane. Sustainability 7, 7741–7761. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067741
- Balkony, tarasy i ogrody Polaków – niezastąpiona przestrzeń w czasie pandemii. 2021. Domondo. https://www.domondo.pl/poradniki/balkony-tarasy-i-ogrody-polakow--niezastapiona-przestrzen-w-czasie-pandemii (accessed 3.26.25).
- Khalil, M., Eissa, D., 2022. Balconies during COVID-19 lockdown: exploring the change in patterns of use in Cairo. Open House International 47, 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-08-2021-0178
- Kozak, M., Hołownia, D., 2023. Rainwater retention in a housing estates. Analysis and implementation possibilities BGI – a case study of Lublin. Przestrzeń i Forma 56. https://doi.org/10.21005/pif.2023.56.C-04
- Kozak, M., Krupa, K., Hołownia, D., 2023. Thermal stress comfort in a contemporary housing district in a moderate climate zone, Lublin as a case study. Budownictwo i Architektura 22, 097–111. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.5542
- Marriage, G., 2021. Balcony – the garden in the sky, Modern Apartment Design. Routledge.
- Masoudinejad, S., 2024. Exploring the Role of Balconies on Residential Resilience. Presented at the EDRA 55 Human-Centric Environments, EDRA.
- Mladenovic, E., Lakicevic, M., Pavlović, L., Hiel, K., Padejčev, J., 2017. Opportunities and Benefits of Green Balconies and Terraces in Urban Conditions. Contemporary Agriculture 66. https://doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2017-0017
- Nazif, H., Yousefi, N., 2024. The Impact on People’s Well-being of Utilizing Greenery in the Design of High-rise Residential Building Balconies. https://doi.org/10.32388/XZAMMG.2
- Omrani, S., Garcia-Hansen, V., Capra, B.R., Drogemuller, R., 2017. On the effect of provision of balconies on natural ventilation and thermal comfort in high-rise residential buildings. Building and Environment 123, 504–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.07.016
- Peters, T., Masoudinejad, S., 2022. Balconies as adaptable spaces in apartment housing. Buildings & Cities 3. https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.191
- Ribeiro, C., Flores-Colen, I., Lopes, N.V., Ramos, N.M.M., 2024. The balconies as an archetype of well-being: a critical literature review. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-02-2024-0052
- Saarimaa, S., Pelsmakers, S., 2020. Better Living Environment Today, More Adaptable Tomorrow? Comparative Analysis of Finnish Apartment Buildings and their Adaptable Scenarios. Yhdyskuntasuunnittelu 58, 33–58. https://doi.org/10.33357/ys.89676
- Shamseldin, A., 2023. Adaptation opportunities for balconies to achieve continuity of their environmental functions. Alexandria Engineering Journal 67, 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.12.037
- Simmons, J.B., Paton-Walsh, C., Phillips, F., Naylor, T., Guérette, É.-A., Burden, S., Dominick, D., Forehead, H., Graham, J., Keatley, T., Gunashanhar, G., Kirkwood, J., 2019. Understanding Spatial Variability of Air Quality in Sydney: Part 1—A Suburban Balcony Case Study. Atmosphere 10, 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040181
- Smektała, M., Baborska-Narożny, M., 2022. The use of apartment balconies: context, design and social norms. Buildings & Cities 3. https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.193
- THE 17 GOALS, Sustainable Development, https://sdgs.un.org/goals (accessed 6.18.23).
- What building regulations does a balcony need to comply with? Sapphire Balconies. URL https://balconies.global/knowledge/balcony-regulations-industry-guidance/what-building-regulations-balconies-need-to-comply-with/ (accessed 2.19.25).
- Xu, J., Liu, N., Polemiti, E., Garcia-Mondragon, L., Tang, J., Liu, X., Lett, T., Yu, L., Nöthen, M.M., Feng, J., Yu, C., Marquand, A., Schumann, G., 2023. Effects of urban living environments on mental health in adults. Nat Med 29, 1456–1467. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02365-w
Language: English
Page range: 39 - 50
Submitted on: Jul 16, 2025
Accepted on: Feb 27, 2026
Published on: Jun 13, 2026
Published by: Cracow University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Related subjects:
© 2026 Damian Hołownia, Małgorzata Kozak, published by Cracow University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.