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        <title>Środowisko Mieszkaniowe/Housing Environment Feed</title>
        <link>https://reference-global.com/journal/HE</link>
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            <title><![CDATA[Transformation of streets into urban living spaces through temporary interventions: case studies from Oslo, Vienna, and Wrocław]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0017</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article focuses on the transformation of streets into pedestrian-oriented spaces that support urban life. It compares approaches to introducing temporary interventions in street spaces and identifies implementation models based on selected European case studies. The research draws on a review of scientific literature, strategic planning and project documentation, complemented by cartographic analysis and field observations. The study examines street transformations in Oslo, Vienna, and Wrocław, illustrating different scales and approaches, from redesigning entire streets to creating parklets. The analysis identifies three models for implementing temporary interventions: the reactive model, the experimental-evaluative model, and the bottom-up micro-intervention model. The findings highlight the different organisational contexts of these models and emphasise the importance of flexibility, adaptability, and public participation in shaping street spaces.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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            <title><![CDATA[Consolidate Housing Unit in Katowice – The SUPERUNIT: Comparative Research on the Technical and Functional Quality of the Building]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0015</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The paper presents comparative research conducted in 2025 in the Superjednostka multi-family building in Katowice. This is the third stage of research conducted in this building by scientists from the Faculty of Architecture of the Silesian University of Technology. The Katowice high--density housing unit was built in the late 1960s, forming an entire housing estate under one roof. Due to its scale, spatial organisation, and characteristic form, and aesthetics, it has become a permanent feature of the city’s metropolitan landscape. It is an iconic building, described by scientists from various fields. Research conducted at the Faculty of Architecture aimed to assess its technical, functional, and organisational quality after half a century of the building operation. The research was based on the POE method, using the techniques and research tools applied in it. The paper presents the results of current analyses, comparing them with the results obtained in 2004 and 2011. Due to the personal data protection regulations introduced in 2019, it was impossible to access some sources of information and conduct surveys through direct standardised questionnaire interviews, as was the case in the previous study. The conclusions from comparative analyses indicate the possibilities and limitations of developing large multi-family buildings in metropolitan centres from the second half of the 20th century.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Impact of Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City Concept on the Urban Development of Lviv Between 1918 and 1939]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0012</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Ebenezer Howard’s ‘Garden City’ is a pioneering concept in sustainable urban development. This concept was an extension of the principles of the first workers’ estates, integrating urban and rural structures by introducing a clear spatial hierarchy. The objective was to create a healthy living environment accessible to people of diverse social and financial status. This concept was implemented in many towns and cities despite the significant diversity of factors required for their development. The aim of this article is to undertake a comparative analysis of the urban housing situation in London and Lviv at the beginning of the 20th century. In the former, attempts were made at decentralisation, while in the latter, integration of the city centre with the suburbs was required. The research method adopted is a comparative analysis of source materials, archived graphical studies and recognised urban planning tools. Identifying the aspects of Howard’s concepts that contributed to improvements in living conditions will allow us to assess their relevance today and formulate recommendations for preserving the urban layouts of interwar neighbourhoods.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[A Conceptual Model for Multifunctional Public Spaces with Blue-Green Infrastructure in Resilient Cities]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0014</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Drawing on a series of multifaceted studies of urban public spaces, the author developed a conceptual model for designing multifunctional public spaces based on blue-green infrastructure (BGI). The model is intended to support interdisciplinary stakeholder teams in strategically planning contemporary cities. The study adopts a Research by Design (RbD) approach, understood as using design as a means of inquiry and knowledge generation in spatial research. The findings indicate a continuing need for research on how to create welcoming, inclusive and healthy urban landscapes. Urban public space can serve as a testing ground for pilot solutions whose benefits may extend to the wider city.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Superunit in Katowice – a High-Density housing complex: comparative study of the quality of its urban environment]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0011</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Twenty years after the first case study of the Superunit housing estate in Katowice, due to significant urban, architectural, circulation and infrastructural changes in the building’s surroundings – which may have a fundamental impact on its perception, quality of life and levels of environmental stress – a decision was taken to repeat the research. The aim of the research project was therefore to conduct a repeat case study of the Superunit housing estate and its surroundings, and to carry out a comparative analysis of the results obtained over the period 2004–2025. The research methodology employed expert analyses of urban planning and architecture, interviews with residents and estate management, questionnaires, site visits, and photographic documentation. The study was divided into three main parts: urban planning, architecture and an analysis of safety levels. The aim of this article is to present the results of the urban planning section of the study, for which the author was responsible.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Participatory activities that support social acceptance in urban space regeneration: case of Dobczyce]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0013</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the role of early, informal participatory activities – particularly soft measures – as a preparatory foreground for statutory consultation procedures in urban space regeneration. Using the transformation of a local centre as a case study, the research combines a literature review with empirical investigation, including a residents’ survey (n = 204), in situ observation, and two iterations of design workshops that generated 32 architectural and landscape proposals. These proposals were subsequently presented to the local community and discussed in an open public forum. The findings indicate that soft engagement performs three complementary functions: diagnostic, by revealing users’ needs and identifying potential conflicts early; negotiating, by facilitating dialogue through visual concepts and reducing the cognitive distance between experts and residents; and legitimising, by building social acceptance for proposed spatial solutions. The study highlights the need for hybrid participatory strategies that combine digital tools with in situ activities and recommends formally including a soft engagement phase in the regeneration of the local centre, along with mechanisms to translate participatory outcomes into evaluation criteria and implementation decisions. The paper offers practical guidance for local authorities and designers and provides empirical support for staged, human-centred design approaches to regenerating small towns.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Features of the historical residential development of Kyiv Podil and modern problems of use]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0010</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article examines the challenges of preserving and adapting the Podil historical residential development for modern use. Podil is one of Kyiv’s oldest residential areas (the capital of Ukraine), known since the time of Kyivan Rus’. Historically, it was a centre of trade and crafts, with low-rise buildings. Unlike other historical districts of Kyiv, Podil has preserved the authentic character of its original development to the greatest extent. Several brick churches and stone houses from the 17th–18th centuries have survived, and their locations reflect the original layout. Most of the development dates to the 19th–20th centuries, and houses in the historicist style predominate. The problems associated with their use are outlined. These include non-compliance with modern standards for comfortable housing, enfilade planning, division into “front” and “back” zones, inconspicuous courtyard houses within the boundaries of former estates, and closed courtyards without insolation and aeration. At the same time, the main problem is the mismatch between these low- and medium-rise buildings and Kyiv’s growth rates, and therefore the need to increase housing volume. Examples of confrontation between developers and activists who advocate the preservation of historical buildings are given. The authors propose a vision for solving this problem, based on an analysis of the experience of other cities and countries.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Limited urban ventilation in the case of contemporary perimeter block housing in Poland]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0016</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Regulating air exchange processes in cities is essential to create spaces conducive to residents’ health and well-being and to make areas resilient to climate change. The widespread trend toward increasing building density risks reducing ventilation efficiency in the vicinity of buildings that form closed spaces. The aim of the article is to diagnose the risk of insufficient ventilation around perimeter building development under the design conditions in force in Poland. The research focused on multi-family residential buildings. A building model was developed using analyses of multi-family block buildings erected after 2003 in three large Polish cities. The study shows that the dimensions of the perimeter building development, especially the w/h ratio of the inner courtyards, resemble parameters recognised in the literature as causing skimming flow and wake interference flow effects. The CFD analysis shows that, for most of the area inside the perimeter building development, the velocity amplification factor does not exceed 0.45. Therefore, the results confirm the risk of insufficient ventilation.]]></description>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Creation of New Models of Social Spaces in the Context of the Transport Structure of Wrocław’s City Centre: Case of Szewska Street]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0002</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article discusses the potential for modifying the existing transport and circulation structure of the centre of Wrocław in order to create new social spaces and a coherent and continuous public space layout. This research is based on an analysis of the functional and spatial structure of downtown Wrocław, circulation accessibility, an analysis of planning documents, and additional studies on so-called standards. Contemporary directions and trends in urban space design were also analysed, both in the literature and in completed examples of transport space remodels. Proposals for functional models that could be applied in Wrocław’s centre were developed and their implementation was undertaken, in particular on Szewska Street.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Accessibility Problems for People With Disabilities in the Gocław and Stegny Housing Estates in Warsaw]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0009</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article discusses the current problems of the built environment of selected 1970s housing estates in Warsaw in the context of the needs of people with disabilities. Nowadays, increasingly more attention is paid to social problems, accessibility, and the universalisation of space and meeting the needs of local communities in the face of an aging population. The authors conducted an analysis of facilities for people with mobility difficulties of various social groups in two of Warsaw’s housing estates: Gocław and Stegny. This study’s aim was to perform accessibility analyses in fragments of the housing estates and determine the extent to in which the residents’ requirements were met. It also sought to determine the functional needs of the estate fragments in terms of accessibility and universal design. This paper presents a graphical and tabular comparative analysis of selected fragments of the housing estates. Based on the analyses, conclusions were drawn regarding the current state, the scope of necessary changes, and guidelines were formulated for adapting housing estates to the needs of residents with impaired mobility, which can be implemented during modernisation.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Saul Wexner (1890–1962) and Henryk Jakubowicz (1893–1943): Genealogy and Projects That Created Kraków’s Housing Environment, with a Focus on 1939–1945]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0005</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article explores the professional work of Saul Wexner and Henryk Jakubowicz, with particular emphasis on the buildings constructed in Kraków during 1939–1945. Its purpose is to enhance understanding of this valuable architectural heritage. The authors employed traditional research methods – such as literature review, analysis of design and official documentation, and on-site investigations – alongside genealogical research and microhistorical analysis.The article concludes that Saul Wexner and Henryk Jakubowicz significantly shaped the urban fabric of Kraków, particularly its residential districts. Throughout their careers, they designed numerous buildings in Kraków – mainly residential tenement houses (around 30) – as well as public utility and industrial structures. These buildings have survived to the present day and are an important part of the city’s architectural heritage. They showcase the architects’ exceptional design skills and expertise, and also reflect their involvement in the technical and cultural development of their era. This is clear in their use of functionalist layouts, their pursuit of harmony between form and function, their focus on contact with nature, the application of reinforced concrete frames where suitable, and their refined choice of materials and aesthetic solutions.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Shared Spaces in Developer-Built Single-Family Housing Estates: A Typological Analysis and Spatial Determinants of Their Social Potential]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0007</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article addresses the issue of shared spaces in contemporary single-family housing estates developed by developers in Poland. The study aimed to identify the scope, character, and quality of these spaces, as well as to assess their potential to support everyday activities and social interactions among residents. The analysis covered 46 housing estates completed or under development over the past decade, located across the country. The research combined a literature review, analysis of design and promotional materials, and case studies of selected developments. The results indicate a dominance of simplified urban layouts based on dead-end street layouts. They also show that many shared spaces are limited in scope or merely nominal. In many cases, these areas serve primarily as marketing assets or as check-box elements within the project brief, rather than functioning as active settings for everyday social life.The case studies demonstrate that the quality of shared space can be enhanced through stronger integration with the overall urban layout and through better connections to urban infrastructure and green areas.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Social responses to contemporary design of private outdoor residential spaces]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0004</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Amid rising housing density and climate-related pressures, residents are informally adapting their living environments in ways that highlight overlooked social needs in contemporary residential design. This study examines how inhabitants of multi-family buildings in Poland, respond to spatial and psychological inadequacies by modifying private outdoor spaces. Drawing on field observations of 1,317 balconies across 25 buildings and a resident survey, the findings show that 38.46% of balconies were enclosed using materials such as plastic sheeting or wooden panels – mainly to enhance privacy and protection from falling objects, sun, wind, or noise. In some buildings, over 70% of residents made such changes. While often visually disruptive, these grassroots adaptations reflect a broader social response to architectural shortcomings. Notably, 68% of respondents see balconies as potential tools for climate adaptation, especially through greenery. The study underscores the need for more flexible, user-responsive housing strategies that support well-being, environmental adaptation, and people-oriented sustainability.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Cohabitation - creating regenerative multispecies green spaces in the city using methods of non-anthropocentric design]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0003</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The article examines concepts and methods for creating multispecies green spaces in cities as well as the possibilities of using them to counteract the degradation of urban wildlife habitats and the biodiversity loss. Concepts of multispecies cohabitation were compared with methods of designing for urban wildlife. The synthesis of the analysed issues served as the basis for developing guidelines for shaping regenerative multispecies green spaces. As the fundamental features of multispecies spaces on a planning scale were most often identified the connectivity and accessibility of green areas, while on an urban and architectural scale, they were adaptability to the needs of animals, habitat diversity and safety. In the context of increasing ecological awareness among residents, co-creation and sharing of space with animals were usually emphasised. The presented theoretical framework can serve as a starting point for an open discussion on the significant role of wild animals in the process of creating regenerative urban spaces and their place in the contemporary city landscape.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Insolation and shading: Dependencies between solar incidence angle, window opening geometry, and façade insulation thickness]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0006</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the research problem of insolation in architecture. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the angle of incidence of the sun’s rays and the geometry of the window aperture and the thickness of the thermal insulation on the facade. Further, threshold values in this regard were investigated. The subject of view obstruction in architecture, in a legal sense, between the thickness of facade insulation and the architect’s creative freedom, was also explored. The scope of the study included a standardised window aperture in a two--layer external wall in a temperate climate zone. Photochemical and physical aspects of solar radiation were addressed here. This was based on a research method that featured observation and measurement techniques that relate to architectural design. All of this appeared crucial to the potential of architectural design, especially housing, and to perceived housing comfort.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Functions of Temporary Pavilions Developed within Academic Design Courses in the Housing Environment]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0008</link>
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            <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Badania analizują rolę funkcji architektonicznej oraz lokalizacji w kształtowaniu pawilonów tymczasowych realizowanych w ramach dydaktyki akademickiej. Przedmiotem badań są obiekty projektowane i wznoszone przez studentów architektury w formule design–build, funkcjonujące jako rzeczywiste interwencje przestrzenne w środowisku zamieszkania. Celem pracy jest wykazanie, że w realizacjach sytuowanych w przestrzeni codziennego użytkowania funkcja oraz miejsce stają się czynnikami nadrzędnymi wobec formy i konstrukcji. Analiza obejmuje sześć realizacji powstałych w Warszawie i Walencji w latach 2022–2025, w tym projekty inicjatywy „Stawiamy_” oraz warsztatów Universitat Politècnica de València, zestawione z doświadczeniami dydaktycznymi ETH Zürich. Wyniki wskazują, że pawilony tymczasowe działające w środowisku zamieszkania redefiniują architekturę jako proces relacyjny rozwijający się poprzez użytkowanie przestrzeni.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Greenery as added value: underestimated functions of greenery in the design of housing estates in Poland]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0038</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Observations of the spaces of housing estates abroad and in Poland contributed to the topic of greenery design in such spaces. In the design of contemporary housing estates in Poland, greenery is treated as a complement to the development, a biologically active area, or a requirement that must be met before the project is implemented. This work’s aim is to draw attention to the underestimated functions of greenery in the design of Polish housing estates related to its social and behavioural significance. In line with sustainable architecture principles, the current patterns in greenery planting methods used in housing estates should be changed towards biodiversity. Through the analysis of greenery in housing estates in Poland and abroad, the positive and negative aspects of the solutions used were identified and preliminary criteria for assessing the effectiveness of greenery use in housing estates were developed.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Japanese Traditional House: Spatial Representation of Dualistic Social Codes]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0035</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This article analyses the traditional Japanese house as a semiotic space that reflects social codes. It examines how architectural features such as the genkan vestibule, the engawa, zashiki, shoji and fusuma sliding panels – mediate relationships between private and public zones. The study introduces key Japanese concepts (honne/tatemae, uchi/soto, omote/ura, hare/ke, and kafuch ō -sei) to explain how dichotomies of inner/outer, public/private, and gender roles shape domestic spaces. Transitional, flexible elements allow inhabitants to negotiate boundaries, maintain social harmony, and adapt space to ritual or everyday occasions. Ultimately, the Japanese house is argued to embody not merely climate adaptation or practical rationalism but to perpetuate codified cultural values and social codes through its spatial organization.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Mathematics of Place: Measure and Geometry, in the Making of Habitat from Palladio to Van der Laan]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0034</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the role of mathematical order in the formation of the built environment and its influence on the creation of existential space. It traces theories of architectural proportion from the Renaissance to the 20th century, focusing on Leon Battista Alberti, Andrea Palladio, Le Corbusier, and Hans van der Laan. Classical approaches, grounded in the notion of universal harmony, are contrasted with modern perspectives that emphasise visual perception and its part in shaping habitable space. The central argument presents architecture as sub-creation – a creative continuation and complement of natural order. In the context of sustainable development, mathematical order is shown to be capable of integrating built form with landscape, producing environments that are perceptually legible and consonant with the deeper structures of nature.]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Sustainable Retrofit and Renovation of Tenement Houses: The Challenges of Heritage Protection and Adapting the Historical Fabric to Contemporary Standards]]></title>
            <link>https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0037</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The need to meet the criteria of sustainable residential architecture presents new challenges for designers and developers. One type of project that aligns with this approach is the renewal of historic residential buildings. This article focuses on the retrofit and renovation of tenement houses. As part of cultural heritage, these buildings require transformations that combine the preservation of historical value with adaptation to contemporary functional, technical, and environmental standards.The article analyses key interventions in building structures related to the implementation of sustainable development principles, such as modifications to original structural elements, improvements in energy efficiency, and the conservation or reconstruction of façade details. The text emphasises the importance of a holistic approach that considers environmental and social needs, as well as the legal and technical constraints that limit possible interventions. The analyses presented underscore the need for dialogue among architects, heritage conservation specialists, and building users.]]></description>
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