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        <title>Środowisko Mieszkaniowe/Housing Environment Feed</title>
        <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/HE</link>
        <description>Sciendo RSS Feed for Środowisko Mieszkaniowe/Housing Environment</description>
        <lastBuildDate>Sun, 10 May 2026 13:19:01 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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            <title>Środowisko Mieszkaniowe/Housing Environment Feed</title>
            <url>https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/65de780d3c126925968c3c8f/cover-image.jpg</url>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/journal/HE</link>
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        <copyright>All rights reserved 2026, Cracow University of Technology</copyright>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Evaluating Data Availability in the Development of Socio-Environmental Cartographies of Mass Housing Estates]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0033</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0033</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This study analyses the potential use of digital spatial data in the socio-environmental diagnosis of post-war housing estates and in the development of participatory cartography that engages local communities in the mapping process. The main objective of the study is to assess the availability, scope, and quality of data provided through open-access resources in Krakow and Barcelona, as well as to determine their usefulness in developing socio-environmental maps of post-war housing complexes. The comparative analysis reveals differences in the level of digitization, interoperability, and detail of the information, and identifies barriers that hinder the full use of data in diagnostics related to public health, energy efficiency, and environmental quality. The article highlights the importance of formal and legal conditions governing the sharing of spatial data in the context of the European Union’s open data policy. The findings emphasize the potential of public data repositories as a key tool supporting participatory planning, expert processes, and the building of dialogue with residents.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Mathematics of Place: Measure and Geometry, in the Making of Habitat from Palladio to Van der Laan]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0034</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0034</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This paper examines the role of mathematical order in the formation of the built environment and its influence on the creation of existential space. It traces theories of architectural proportion from the Renaissance to the 20th century, focusing on Leon Battista Alberti, Andrea Palladio, Le Corbusier, and Hans van der Laan. Classical approaches, grounded in the notion of universal harmony, are contrasted with modern perspectives that emphasise visual perception and its part in shaping habitable space. The central argument presents architecture as sub-creation – a creative continuation and complement of natural order. In the context of sustainable development, mathematical order is shown to be capable of integrating built form with landscape, producing environments that are perceptually legible and consonant with the deeper structures of nature.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Greenery as added value: underestimated functions of greenery in the design of housing estates in Poland]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0038</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0038</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Observations of the spaces of housing estates abroad and in Poland contributed to the topic of greenery design in such spaces. In the design of contemporary housing estates in Poland, greenery is treated as a complement to the development, a biologically active area, or a requirement that must be met before the project is implemented. This work’s aim is to draw attention to the underestimated functions of greenery in the design of Polish housing estates related to its social and behavioural significance. In line with sustainable architecture principles, the current patterns in greenery planting methods used in housing estates should be changed towards biodiversity. Through the analysis of greenery in housing estates in Poland and abroad, the positive and negative aspects of the solutions used were identified and preliminary criteria for assessing the effectiveness of greenery use in housing estates were developed.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Japanese Traditional House: Spatial Representation of Dualistic Social Codes]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0035</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0035</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This article analyses the traditional Japanese house as a semiotic space that reflects social codes. It examines how architectural features such as the genkan vestibule, the engawa, zashiki, shoji and fusuma sliding panels – mediate relationships between private and public zones. The study introduces key Japanese concepts (honne/tatemae, uchi/soto, omote/ura, hare/ke, and kafuch ō -sei) to explain how dichotomies of inner/outer, public/private, and gender roles shape domestic spaces. Transitional, flexible elements allow inhabitants to negotiate boundaries, maintain social harmony, and adapt space to ritual or everyday occasions. Ultimately, the Japanese house is argued to embody not merely climate adaptation or practical rationalism but to perpetuate codified cultural values and social codes through its spatial organization.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Resilience of Urban Areas to Warfare: A Theoretical Framework with a Focus on the Spatial Structures of Housing Estates]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0036</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0036</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This article discusses the resilience of housing estates to external armed aggression. The research problem was narrowed down to the compositional and spatial aspect and included some functional problems. The aim of this study was to identify the key features of the spatial structures of housing complexes that determine the ability to defend, to survive an attack or occupation, or to recapture territory seized by the enemy. The method used to achieve this objective was a literature study that lead to a systematisation of the elements of resilience assessment, followed by an examination of selected residential areas using the theoretical framework developed. Due to the current international situation and the topicality of the issue of the security of Polish cities, Warsaw was selected as the research area, a city where one can find a wide range of diverse spatial structures, characteristic of the cities of eastern Poland. The result of the study is the identification of features that promote resilience to war risks, although they are currently not widely appreciated and indicated as a requirement for the design of residential environments. The conclusions can form the basis for further research to formulate guidelines for design with resilience to armed aggression in mind.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Sustainable Retrofit and Renovation of Tenement Houses: The Challenges of Heritage Protection and Adapting the Historical Fabric to Contemporary Standards]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0037</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0037</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The need to meet the criteria of sustainable residential architecture presents new challenges for designers and developers. One type of project that aligns with this approach is the renewal of historic residential buildings. This article focuses on the retrofit and renovation of tenement houses. As part of cultural heritage, these buildings require transformations that combine the preservation of historical value with adaptation to contemporary functional, technical, and environmental standards.
The article analyses key interventions in building structures related to the implementation of sustainable development principles, such as modifications to original structural elements, improvements in energy efficiency, and the conservation or reconstruction of façade details. The text emphasises the importance of a holistic approach that considers environmental and social needs, as well as the legal and technical constraints that limit possible interventions. The analyses presented underscore the need for dialogue among architects, heritage conservation specialists, and building users.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Creation of New Models of Social Spaces in the Context of the Transport Structure of Wrocław’s City Centre: Case of Szewska Street]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0002</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0002</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This article discusses the potential for modifying the existing transport and circulation structure of the centre of Wrocław in order to create new social spaces and a coherent and continuous public space layout. This research is based on an analysis of the functional and spatial structure of downtown Wrocław, circulation accessibility, an analysis of planning documents, and additional studies on so-called standards. Contemporary directions and trends in urban space design were also analysed, both in the literature and in completed examples of transport space remodels. Proposals for functional models that could be applied in Wrocław’s centre were developed and their implementation was undertaken, in particular on Szewska Street.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The depopulation of cities in Poland and Japan as one of the reasons for adapting abandoned buildings to new functions]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0001</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2026-0001</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The article presents the problem of the development and revitalization of abandoned buildings and ways of adapting them to new functions. Especially in shrinking cities. The shrinking of cities and towns in the 21st century can be observed in many regions of Poland, Japan, and the world. The city of Łódź in Poland, which has the largest population decline of all large agglomerations in our country, was selected for analysis. Attention was drawn to a similar situation in Tokyo and on the island of Naoshima in Japan. The aim of the research was to show the differences in solutions for the adaptation of historic buildings and the preservation of authentic substance that exist in these countries. The Japanese perceive the world not as a collection of unchanging substances, but as a process of constant change, while maintaining the authenticity of ideas. In Poland, on the other hand, the Western philosophy of the world is cultivated, which consists in striving to preserve the authenticity of matter.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Adaptive Reuse of Religious Buildings for Housing in the Netherlands: Conditions, Challenges, and Future Prospects]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0026</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0026</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This article examines the adaptation of religious buildings for residential use within the broader context of secularisation and heritage preservation. It takes as its starting point the widespread decommissioning of churches in Europe – particularly in the Netherlands – which has created a pressing need for new models of reuse. The study aims to identify the conditions, constraints, and future prospects of converting churches into housing, with attention to both architectural-technical and cultural-social dimensions. The research employs qualitative methods, including literature and archival analysis, historical-interpretive approaches, and fieldwork comprising on-site observations and interviews with architects, building managers, and representatives of religious communities. The findings show that the successful adaptation of religious buildings requires balancing the preservation of historic fabric with the accommodation of contemporary functional needs. Equally, the study underscores the importance of intangible values – such as collective memory, symbolism, and community identity – in shaping strategies for the transformation of religious buildings into secular functions.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Tactical urbanism in the design of age-friendly housing environments]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0025</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0025</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Tactical urbanism focuses on temporary and low-budget interventions in public space to test and implement long-term improvements. With an emphasis on flexibility of solutions and active citizen participation throughout the process, it offers a platform for experimentation in urban planning. This paper presents the results of research conducted at the Faculty of Architecture, Poznań University of Technology, in the area of creating residential environments in the context of global ageing. The research used the following methods: desk research and literature review, as well as a case study based on a study visit to Grand Paris Sud. An analysis was made of the phenomenon of tactical urbanism, based on its final implementation. In addition, its potential for transforming cities into more inclusive residential environments for ageing populations was explored, using a set of evaluation criteria defined in previous research. Implementing the tenets of tactical urbanism in the design of senior-friendly cities can improve quality of life by enhancing the quality of the housing environment.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Shaping the Residential Attractiveness of Towns in Lesser Poland in the Context of Urban Shrinkage]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0031</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0031</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This article addresses the challenge of enhancing the residential attractiveness of towns experiencing rapid population decline and demographic aging. The aim of the study is to analyse and evaluate the actions undertaken by towns in Lesser Poland to improve residential appeal in the face of depopulation, and to identify key determinants and tools for mitigating the negative effects of these processes. The spatial scope includes 12 small towns in the region characterized by depopulation both within the town and its immediate surroundings. The temporal scope covers the early 21st century to the present. The research methodology combines quantitative methods (statistical data analysis, Webb’s typology) with qualitative approaches (analysis of strategic, revitalization, and planning documents). The study also includes a literature review and an examination of official websites and social media platform. The studied towns counteract depopulation by focusing on enhancing residential attractiveness through housing development, revitalization, improved quality of life, and rational spatial management.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Impact of structural system type and thermal insulation material on the internal floor area of residential buildings.]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0032</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0032</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

In Poland, residential architecture is dominated by so-called improved traditional technology. However, other technologies are used in different parts of the world, and they can be successfully adopted on the Polish construction market. The research described in this paper focuses on the influence of the type of structural system and thermal insulation material on the thickness of the envelope, typically for residential buildings, and consequently on the footprint or usable area of the building and its functionality. The study focused on three types of external wall systems: a two-layer masonry wall with rigid thermal insulation, a CLT wall with thermal insulation and a timber-frame wall with thermal insulation material. There were over twenty market-available thermal insulation materials chosen for the research. Our findings, although they apply to only a fragment of the subject matter, demonstrate the degree to which the type of structural system and insulation material can affect a building’s floor area, functionality and comfort of use..
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Synergistic incorporation of the features of psychological support architecture into emergency architecture as an effective response to living condition emergencies]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0024</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0024</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The research problem addressed is the desired synergy of emergency architecture and features of psychological support buildings. The aim is to develop a functional model of a facility that would combine the features of both concepts for a fuller response to the temporary needs of victims, especially children, taking into account their psychological needs. It was hypothesised that the inclusion of psychological aspects in the emergency architecture can significantly improve the quality of protection for people in an emergency such as war or natural disasters and contribute to a significant reduction in stress and trauma. The multiple case study method and the research by design method were used. Emergency architecture is poorly recognised in the literature. Psychological support facilities, although more widely studied, have not been sufficiently analysed in terms of mobility and temporariness. The conducted comparison between emergency relief centres and healthcare facilities revealed significant functional similarities, such as providing shelter, a sense of safety, and opportunities for social interaction. Research findings point to the need for flexible design that combines material and psychosocial support, which will enable a more effective response to emergencies. In response to the identified research gap, a model Emergency Assistance Centre for the Youngest Victims of War was developed. The results of the research constitute design guidelines for appropriate infrastructure, that can be used in extreme conditions. The developed solutions confirm the possibility of including the features of psychological support buildings into the concept of an emergency relief centre. Of particular importance are ensuring the privacy of users, creating spaces conducive to contacts and integration, ensuring the possibility to experience suffering, providing support, and carrying out elements of therapy in a form and conditions adapted to the current mental and physical condition. It is also important to ensure the privacy of users and the possibility of choosing the form of stay depending on the current mental and physical condition. The integration of emergency architecture with the functions of psychological support buildings not only provides shelter but also supports the adaptation and therapeutic processes of the affected children. This is particularly important in the long term, where the effects of emergency situations can impinge on the entire future lives of the victims, especially children.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Public Space as the Fabric Connected to an Evolving City Structure: Case Study of Powiśle Północne, Warsaw, Poland]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0029</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0029</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Public spaces are indispensable elements of the urban spatial structure, binding the components of the urban tissue and playing a crucial role in shaping a sustainable housing environment. Fragments of urban tissue that are not connected by public spaces are prone to gradual degradation. A defragmented city must therefore be ‘stitched together’ by spatial corridors to counteract this tendency effectively, which directly affects the quality of the living environment. The aim of this article is to identify the process of increasing the attractiveness of an area by transforming nodes into places and forming connections between them. An illustrative example of this hypothesis – the development resulting from the creation and consolidation of a public space network – is the transformation of a previously neglected section of the Warsaw waterfront – the Powiśle Północne area, bounded by the Śląsko-Dąbrowski and Poniatowski bridges, the Vistula riverbank, and the upper edge of the Warsaw Escarpment. This article presents the development of urban landscape formation in the years 1990-2020. The process involves designing public spaces by connecting fully formed nodes and linkages into a coherent whole.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Clean Energy Usage in Times of Conflict (Syria as an example)]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0027</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0027</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The demand for energy and associated services is increasing daily to keep pace with social and economic development as well as to improve people’s well-being and health by the usage of green energy. While the world is racing to secure the increasing energy needs through renewable energy, Syrians have increasingly turned to solar power to meet basic electricity needs due to the collapse of the national grid.
The trend towards benefiting from renewable energy sources began in Syria to escape the fuel scarcity that the Syrian state faced with the beginning of the war in 2011 as the economic sanctions on the Syrian government were set and many of the power stations were sabotaged.
Lack of fuel, electricity and the unbearable prices of gas because of the sanctions have led to new inventions and new ways to invest in regenerative energies sources in some ways to avoid living in a dark and cold world.
This article aims to show how in wartime conditions, the use of solar energy can reduce some of the challenges. And allow citizens to pursue a normal life. Also, the study highlights the challenges and opportunities of solar energy adoption in Homs, demonstrating its potential to improve living conditions in war-torn areas.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Munich’s Olympiadorf: Synthesis of an Urban Audit’s Results]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0028</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0028</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

The subject of this article is the Olympiadorf, or Olydorf for short, in Munich, which was developed as the Olympic Village for the 1972 Games. Conceived as a ‘city within a city’, it was designed to be car-free and equipped with all the amenities necessary for daily life. The aim of this article is to present a synthesis of the results of an urban audit carried out by the author on the site during a study visit in the summer of 2024. This huge urban project, created more than 50 years ago, was analysed in the context of the principles of sustainable development of the estate area: ecology, economy, society and culture.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Evaluation of Thermal Retrofit Variants for Facades in High-Rise Large-Panel Residential Buildings: Impact on Energy Demand Using the BESM Model]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0030</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0030</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This article examines the effectiveness of secondary thermal retrofitting in high-rise buildings constructed using large-panel technology and presents a model for evaluating the efficiency of facade modernisation and aesthetic enhancement methods, with particular emphasis on their energy performance. Three retrofit variants were analysed: increased glazing of balconies, aluminium-clad balcony facades, and a fully glazed facade. Calculations were performed using Audytor software by Sankom, based on an energy audit and in-situ measurements, taking into account the U-value [W/(m2·K)], annual energy demand EHV [kWh/m2·year], cost C [€/m2], and carbon footprint eCO2 [kgCO2 /(m2·year)]. The results show that Variant 2 (V2) achieves the greatest energy consumption reduction (32.1%), while Variant 1 (V1) provides the best insulation performance (U = 0.149 W/m2K) and the highest BESM index (1.109). Despite its higher cost (155 €/m²), V2 significantly improves both the building’s energy efficiency and aesthetics. Optimising thermal retrofit methods is a key factor in adapting large-panel buildings to contemporary standards and enhancing residents’ quality of life.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Sustainable Design in the Housing Environment: Integration of Modern Technology and Cultural Heritage Protection on the Example of the National Archive in Krakow]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0017</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0017</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

Contemporary challenges in the design of public buildings, such as archives, include the integration of some aspects of heritage conservation, quality of the housing environment, and sustainability. Using the example of the new headquarters of the National Archive in Krakow, architectural and technological solutions that can be adapted in residential development are analysed. The analysed building combines modernity with care for the historic urban fabric, improving the quality of life of the residents. The project demonstrates how the harmonious coexistence of public and residential uses can support the aspiration for a sustainable urban environment that combines the needs of residents with the need to protect the cultural landscape.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Mitigating air pollution and the urban heat island effect – impact on the living conditions of inhabitants]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0018</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0018</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This is a review article indicating the direction of further research. It is a fragment of broader research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of solutions for improving living conditions in European cities. Among the analysed issues are those related to the phenomena of smog and urban heat island in the context of global warming. The interdependence of these phenomena was pointed out and the excess death rate was adopted to assess their impact on the living conditions of residents. The aim of the article was achieved based on a review of domestic and foreign literature on the subject and documents, as well as by means of comparative analysis. The study covered living conditions in European cities with reference to the global context, due to the global nature of climate change and the common occurrence of smog and urban heat island phenomena. In the conclusion of this article, the author indicates that although there are some premises for the positive impact of climate change in the studied scope, further research is needed on their influence, assessment of the solutions used and the degree of their adaptation to local climatic conditions.
]]></description>
            <category>ARTICLE</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Biodiversity and synurbisation, challenges and perspectives: a comparative analysis of cities as places of animal life on the example of Kraków and Lublin]]></title>
            <link>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0020</link>
            <guid>https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/he-2025-0020</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[

This article presents the results of a comparative study of two Polish cities, Krakow and Lublin, in terms of the presence of wild and free-living animals in them, as well as the problems and challenges involved. The topics investigated included biodiversity and synurbisation, as well as residents’ perceptions of wild animals, based on a pilot survey. Evidently positive attitudes toward the presence of free-living animals in the housing environment and support for city government policies on animal protection were observed. Based on an analysis of urban structures, the urban conditions conducive to the persistence of wild animals in cities were identified. Urban policies for managing biodiversity and free-living animals were also analysed.
]]></description>
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