Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Threats and methods of protecting buildings, infrastructure and evacuating people during a potential eruption of the Campi Flegrei supervolcano near Naples, Italy Cover

Threats and methods of protecting buildings, infrastructure and evacuating people during a potential eruption of the Campi Flegrei supervolcano near Naples, Italy

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe/Housing Environment
Volume 50 (2025): Issue 1 (March 2025)
By: Mariusz Twardowski,  Łukasz Pióro,  Andrés Ros-Campos,  Luca Maria Francesco Fabris,  Pedro Verdejo Gimeno,  Izabela Hager,  Agata Pawłowska-Salach,  Gerardo Semprebon and  Riccardo M Balzarotti  
Open Access
|Mar 2025

References

  1. Amoruso, A., Gualandi, A., Crescentini, L. (2024) ‘On the Initial Phase of the Ongoing Unrest at Campi Flegrei and Its Relation with Subsidence at Vesuvio (Italy)’, Remote Sensing, 16(10), p. 1717. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101717.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. AP News (2010) Ischia volcano could blow, experts warn, Times Malta. Available at: https://timesofmalta.com/article/ischia-volcano-could-blow-experts-ward.304840 (Accessed: 10 September 2024).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. Arzilli, F. et al. (2016) ‘Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites’, Bulletin of Volcanology, 78(10). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1062-z.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Barberi, F. et al. (1984) ‘Phlegraean Fields 1982–1984: Brief chronicle of a volcano emergency in a densely populated area’, Bulletin Volcanologique, 47(2), pp. 175–185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01961547.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Brown, S.K. et al. (2015) ‘Global volcanic hazard and risk’, in S.C. Loughlin et al. (eds) Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk. 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, pp. 81–172. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316276273.004.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Cannatelli, C. et al. (2020) ‘Ground movement (bradyseism) in the Campi Flegrei volcanic area’, in Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, and Campanian Volcanism. Elsevier, pp. 407–433. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816454-9.00015-8.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. Charlton, D., Kilburn, C., Edwards, S. (2020) ‘Volcanic unrest scenarios and impact assessment at Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy’, Journal of Applied Volcanology, 9(1), p. 7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-020-00097-x.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. Chiodini, G. (2007) ‘The role of magma degassing on bradyseismic crises at Campi Flegrei inferred from the monitoring of the hydrothermal activity. Possible inferences on Yellowstone’, in. AGU Advancing Earth and Space Sciences (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. Cimadomo, B. (2023) Rischio vulcanico Campi Flegrei. Percorsi per l’allontanamento assistito e per l’allontanamento autonomo della popolazione dalla Zona Rossa, Lavori Pubblici e Protezione Civile Regione Campania. Available at: http://lavoripubblici.regione.campania.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2039:rischio-vulcanico-campi-flegrei-percorsi-per-l-allontanamento-assistito-e-per-l-allontanamento-autonomo-della-popolazione-dalla-zona-rossa&catid=102&Itemid=113 (Accessed: 13 September 2024).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. De Martino, P. et al. (2014) ‘A first GPS measurement of vertical seafloor displacement in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy)’, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 276, pp. 145–151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.03.003.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. De Natale, G. et al. (1991) ‘Geophysical and geochemical modelling of the 1982–1984 unrest phenomena at Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy)’, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 48(1–2), pp. 199–222. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(91)90043-Y.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. De Natale, G. et al. (1995) ‘Accurate fault mechanism determinations for a 1984 earthquake swarm at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) during an unrest episode: Implications for volcanological research’, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 100(B12), pp. 24167–24185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB00749.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. Dejtiar, F. (2021) Could Volcanic Rock Be the Latest Material to Help Us Combat Climate Change?, ArchDaily. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/965734/could-volcanic-rock-be-the-latest-material-to-help-us-combat-climate-change (Accessed: 14 September 2024).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Fiorentino, C. et al. (2022) Il Bradisismo dei Campi Flegrei nelle fonti storiche, Archeo Flegrei. Available at: https://www.archeoflegrei.it/il-bradisismo-dei-campi-flegrei-nelle-fonti-storiche/ (Accessed: 28 November 2023).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. Galluzzo, D. et al. (2018) ‘Preliminary Estimation Of The Shear Wave Velocity Model Of Ischia Island Using Ambient Noise Broad Band Records’, in. 37° Convegno Nazionale GNGTS 2018, Bologna: National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, pp. 249–253.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. Gelagi, A. (2006) Che differenza c’è tra tufi, tufiti, ignimbriti ecc.? Grazie mille!, vialattea.net. Available at: https://www.vialattea.net/content/2468/ (Accessed: 28 November 2023).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Giudicepietro, F. et al. (2019) ‘Insight Into Campi Flegrei Caldera Unrest Through Seismic Tremor Measurements at Pisciarelli Fumarolic Field’, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20(11), pp. 5544–5555. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gc008610.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. de Guzman, E.M. (2004) ‘Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991’, Asian Disaster Reduction Center, pp. 1–18.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. Il sistema di sorveglianza dell’Osservatorio Vesuviano (2024) Osservatorio Vesuviano. Available at: https://www.ov.ingv.it/index.php/monitoraggio-sismico-e-vulcanico/campi-flegrei/campi-flegrei-attivita-recente (Accessed: 18 September 2024).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. Jackowicz, E. (2013) Główne przyczyny śmierci ludzi, Jedna Ziemia. Available at: https://jednaziemia.pgi.gov.pl/zagrozenia-ziemia/77-zagrozenia-wulkany/3924-ofiary-wulkanow.html (Accessed: 21 November 2023).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Jackson, L.J. et al. (2015) ‘High-resolution paleoecological records from Lake Malawi show no significant cooling associated with the Mount Toba supereruption at ca. 75 ka’, Geology, 43(9), pp. 823–826. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1130/g36917.1.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Jolly, G. et al. (2008) ‘What constitutes unrest at Taupo caldera, New Zealand?’, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Lowenstern, J.B. et al. (2005) ‘Steam Explosions, Earthquakes, and Volcanic Eruptions—What’s in Yellowstone’s Future?’, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3024 [Preprint].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Makoond, N. et al. (2024) ‘Arresting failure propagation in buildings through collapse isolation’, Nature, 629(8012), pp. 592–596. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07268-5.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Makówka, R. (2020) Naukowcy alarmują: Niebezpieczne wulkany budzą się do życia. Co nam grozi?, Antyradio. Available at: https://www.antyradio.pl/news/Naukowcy-alarmuja-Niebezpieczne-wulkany-budza-sie-do-zycia-Co-nam-grozi-45492%20 (Accessed: 12 March 2024).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Map of National Emergency Planning zones in the Phlegraean area (2016) Event scenario for the National Planning. Available at: https://mappe.protezionecivile.gov.it/en/risks-maps-and-dashboards/national-planning-phlegraean-fields/ (Accessed: 13 September 2024).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. Mastrolorenzo, G. et al. (2017) ‘Probabilistic-numerical assessment of pyroclastic current hazard at Campi Flegrei and Naples city: Multi-VEI scenarios as a tool for “full-scale” risk management’, PLOS ONE. Edited by N. Houlie, 12(10), p. e0185756. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185756.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Montagna, C.P., Papale, P. and Longo, A. (2022) ‘Magma Chamber Dynamics at the Campi Flegrei Caldera, Italy’, in Active Volcanoes of the World. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 201–217. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37060-1_7.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Nakamura, Y. and Okada, K. (2019) ‘Review on seismic isolation and response control methods of buildings in Japan’, Geoenvironmental Disasters, 6(1), p. 7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-019-0123-y.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. Patil, S. (no date) Housing in Natural Calamities, The Design Gesture. Available at: https://thedesigngesture.com/housing-in-natural-calamities/ (Accessed: 14 September 2024).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Perelli, F.L. et al. (2023) ‘Impact assessment caused by bradyseism phenomena in the Campi Flegrei area’, Frontiers in Built Environment, 9, p. 1129175. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1129175.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. Ricci, T. et al. (2013) ‘Volcanic risk perception in the Campi Flegrei area’, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 254, pp. 118–130. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.01.002.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Robock, A. et al. (2009) ‘Did the Toba volcanic eruption of ∼74 ka B.P. produce widespread glaciation?’, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 114(D10). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd011652.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Sacchi, M. et al. (2014) ‘The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera offshore the Campi Flegrei: Stratal architecture and kinematic reconstruction during the last 15ky’, Marine Geology, 354, pp. 15–33. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.04.012.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Sacchi, M. et al. (2019) ‘A roadmap for amphibious drilling at the Campi Flegrei caldera: insights from a MagellanPlus workshop’, Scientific Drilling, 26, pp. 29–46. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-29-2019.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. Sagerson, A. (2022) Mount Vesuvius, one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world, Wanted in Rome. Available at: https://www.wantedinrome.com/news/mount-vesuvius-one-of-the-most-dangerous-volcanoes-in-the-world.html (Accessed: 10 September 2024).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. Scarpati, C., Cole, P., Perrotta, A. (1993) ‘The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff ? A large volume multiphase eruption from Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy’, Bulletin of Volcanology, 55(5), pp. 343–356. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00301145.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. Shen, S. (2024) ‘The Permian-Triassic Extinction Event: Causes, Consequences, and Contemporary Relevance’, Transactions on Materials, Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Volume 4, pp. 242–248.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. The National Emergency Planning for volcanic risk in the Phlegraean Fields (2024) Event scenario for the National Planning.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. Tilling, R.I. (1998) Volcanoes. U.S. Government Printing Office (674–730).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. U.S. Geological Survey (2015) Summary of Ash Impacts to Buildings and Building Support Systems, Volcanic Ashfall Impacts. Available at: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanic_ash/buildings.html (Accessed: 14 September 2024).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. Wilson, G. et al. (2014) ‘Volcanic hazard impacts to critical infrastructure: A review’, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 286, pp. 148–182. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.08.030.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. Wilson, T.M. et al. (2012) ‘Volcanic ash impacts on critical infrastructure’, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 45–46, pp. 5–23. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.06.006.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  44. Zuccaro, G. et al. (2008) ‘Impact of explosive eruption scenarios at Vesuvius’, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 178(3), pp. 416–453. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.005.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  45. Zuccaro, G., Cacace, F. (2009) ‘Seismic impact scenarios in the volcanic areas in Campania’, in Proceedings of the Final Conference. COST ACTION C26: Urban Habitat Constructions under Catastrophic Events.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  46. Zuccaro, G., De Gregorio, D. (2019) ‘Impact assessments in volcanic areas - The Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei cases studies’, Annals of Geophysics, 61(Vol 61 (2018)), p. 13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-7827.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  47. Zuccaro, G., Leone, M.F. (2012) ‘Building Technologies for the Mitigation of Volcanic Risk: Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei’, Natural Hazards Review, 13(3), pp. 221–232. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000071.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/he-2025-0006 | Journal eISSN: 2543-8700 | Journal ISSN: 1731-2442
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 65 - 75
Published on: Mar 28, 2025
Published by: Cracow University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Campi Flegrei,
supervolcano,
buildings,
infrastructure,
evacuation
Related subjects:
Architecture and design,
Landscape architecture,
Landscape architects,
Architecture and design, other

© 2025 Mariusz Twardowski, Łukasz Pióro, Andrés Ros-Campos, Luca Maria Francesco Fabris, Pedro Verdejo Gimeno, Izabela Hager, Agata Pawłowska-Salach, Gerardo Semprebon, Riccardo M Balzarotti, published by Cracow University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 50 (2025): Issue 1 (March 2025)Next article