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An Optimization to Increase Bacterial DNA Yield in a Lunar Regolith Simulant Cover

An Optimization to Increase Bacterial DNA Yield in a Lunar Regolith Simulant

Open Access
|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Schematic drawings showing the steps to DNA Extraction from bacteria consortia inoculated in Lunar Regolith Simulant (LHS-1). Created with BioRender.com.
Schematic drawings showing the steps to DNA Extraction from bacteria consortia inoculated in Lunar Regolith Simulant (LHS-1). Created with BioRender.com.

Figure 2.

Agarose gels 1% showing: A. The DNA isolated from bacterial suspension of regolith. B. The PCR amplicons obtained using the universal 16S rRNA primers (27F and 1432R). Legend: M: 1KB ladder marker; the numbers 1, 2 and 3 are the replicates of Bacterial Consortium described.
Agarose gels 1% showing: A. The DNA isolated from bacterial suspension of regolith. B. The PCR amplicons obtained using the universal 16S rRNA primers (27F and 1432R). Legend: M: 1KB ladder marker; the numbers 1, 2 and 3 are the replicates of Bacterial Consortium described.

Comparisons between the quantifications of DNA from the bacterial consortium in lunar regolith after suspension, before and after purification, measured in Nanodrop photometer and in Qubit fluorometer_

SampleNanophotometer AnalysisQubit Fluorometer

Before purificationAfter purificationBefore purificationAfter purification

PurityConcentrationPurityConcentrationConcentrationConcentration

A260/280A260/230ng/uLA260/280A260/230ng/uLng/uLng/uL
BC12.60.4797.62.271.4423.810.119.9
BC22.60.5100.22.261.624.315.222.2
BC32.580.576.22.661.3986.8211.7
Average2.60.591.32.41.518.710.717.9

Results of metagenomic amplicon sequencing 16S rDNA of samples of Bacterial Consortium in lunar regolith obtained after the protocol described_

SampleRawPECombinedQualifiedNochimeBase(nt)Avglen(nt)GCQ20Q30
BC120653920486019990619255880258689416.8055.52%98.86%95.82%
BC220482220377519914419511580416946412.1556.13%98.95%96.22%
BC321459021324820779720410884221902412.6356.04%98.83%95.69%

Estimates of microbial biomass and DNA yield per gram of regolith derived from the bacterial suspension approach_

MetricValueNotes
CFU per mL1.16 × 107bacterial suspension approach
Total suspension volume (mL)9010 g regolith
Regolith mass used for CFU estimation (g)10initial mass
Cells per gram of regolith (cells/g)1.04 × 108CFU/mL × volume ÷ mass
Regolith mass used for DNA extraction (g)30per sample
DNA yield BC1 (ng/g)26.5796 ng / 30 g
DNA yield BC2 (ng/g)29.6888 ng / 30 g
DNA yield BC3 (ng/g15.6468 ng / 30 g
Mean ± SD DNA (ng/g)23.9 ± 7.4n=3
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 6
Published on: Mar 4, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2026 Jéssica Carneiro Oliveira, Rafael Loureiro, Andrew Palmer, Camila Maistro Patreze, published by American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 14 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)