Impacts of Large-Scale Climate Oscillations on Fluvial Sediments in Central Poland: Evidence from Geochronological Analysis

Danuta A. Dzieduszyńska; Danuta J. Michczyńska; Joanna Petera-Zganiacz; Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska; Dariusz Wieczorek; Dariusz Krzyszkowski

doi:10.2478/geochr-2023-0018

Figures & Tables

Study area. (A) – against the selected ice-sheet limits (after Marks et al., 2018; Palacios et al., 2023). (B) – distribution of sites included in the dataset in the Łódź region.

Curves of PDF for 50–15 cal kBP: (A) – PDF for luminescence dates; in the upper part 68.3% probability ranges for each date are presented in the form of horizontally bars with dots representing medians. (B) – PDF for radiocarbon dates; in the upper part 68.3% probability ranges for each date are presented in the form of horizontally bars. (C) – PDFs for subgroups of radiocarbon dates correlated with interstadials and boundaries. The PDF distribution presented in (B). has been divided into distributions for date subgroups. The oldest three dates have large uncertainties and, when presented on the same vertical scale, are almost imperceptible. Therefore, their distributions have been added with an enlarged height of 10× to make it easier to assess where their maxima fall (peaks with green envelope, no fill) (D) – δ18O data from Greenland ice core (Rasmussen et al., 2014) with marked stadials (GS) and interstadials (GI). GI, Greenland interstadials; GS, Greenland stadials; PDF, probability density function.

Curves of PDF for 15–9 cal kBP. Explanations to graphs (A–D) – the same as for Fig. 3. Distributions for date subgroups were divided into parts c.1 and c.2. Within each distribution, the number of dates constituting it is given. Figure c.1 shows the distributions for subgroups of dates correlated with warming: starting from the oldest ages, 5 dates form the peak for the GS-2a/GI-1e transition, 5 for the GI-1b/GI-1a transition, 4 for the GI-1a warming, and 5 for GS-1/Holocene transition. GI, Greenland interstadials; GS, Greenland stadials; PDF, probability density function. Figure c.2 shows the distributions for subgroups of dates related to cooling: starting from the oldest ages, 3 dates form a peak correlated with GI-1d, 3 with GI-1c2, 11 with GI-1b, 7 with the GI-1a/GS-1 transition. Within GS-1, there are also peaks created by 5, 14 and 7 dates. Shaded area comprises dates from the beginning of the Holocene added in order to obtain a methodically correct image of the end of Vistulian.

Correlation of fluvial activity in selected river valleys from the Łódź region (after Dzieduszyńska et al., 2020, changed and supplemented) with PDF curves and the oxygen curve from the NGRIP core (after Rasmussen et al., 2014). PDF, probability density function.

j_geochr-2023-0018_tab_002

No.	Site name / Sample name	Long E	Lat N	Alt. [m a.s.l.]	Dated material	Lab. Code	Luminescence age [BP]	Technique TL/OSL	References
1	Chałupki k/Przedborza	51.07	19.88	no data	sand (fluvial)	PIG238	24000 ± 5000	OSL	Wieczorek D, Stoiński A, Zabielski R, 2019. Objaśnienia do Szczegółowej mapy geologicznej Polski w skali 1:50 000, arkusz Przedbórz (775). (Explanations to the Detailed Geological Map of Poland in the scale 1:50,000, Przedbórz sheet (775)). (in Polish) NAG, PIG-PIB Warszawa (electronical version).
2					sand (fluvial)	PIG237	24000 ± 6000	OSL
3					sand (fluvial)	PIG239	26000 ± 5000	OSL
4	Koźmin	18.67	50.08	97	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-1410	12780 ± 620	OSL	Dzieduszyńska D., Petera-Zganiacz J., Twardy J., Kittel P., Moska P., Adamiec G., 2014b – Optical dating and sedimentary record from the terrace depositional profile of the Warta River (Central Poland). Geochronometria, 41(4); 361–368
5					sand (fluvial)	GdTL-1412	13130 ± 730	OSL
6					sand (fluvial)	GdTL-1413	13140 ± 920	OSL
7					sand (fluvial)	GdTL-1516	13690 ± 680	OSL
8			52.09		sand (fluvial)	GdTL 925	13900±640	OSL
9			50.08		sand (fluvial)	GdTL-1515	14310 ± 660	OSL
10			50.08		sand (fluvial)	GdTL-1517	14330 ± 740	OSL
11			52.09		sand (fluvial)	GdTL 924	31000 ± 1600	OSL	Petera-Zganiacz J, Adamiec G. 2010. The age of the Warta river valley deposits based on ¹⁴C, TL, OSL dating methods (Kotlina Kolska, Middle Poland). 10th International Conference “Methods of Absolute Chronology”. 22–25 April 2010, Gliwice, Poland: 112.
12			52.09		sand (fluvial)	GdTL 923	31600 ± 1300	OSL
13			52.08		sand (fluvial)	GdTL 987	33600 ± 1700	OSL
14			52.09		sand (fluvial)	GdTL 922	37300 ± 1700	OSL
15	Kolonia Bechcice	no data	no data	no data	sand (fluvial)	GW-1126	16000 ± 2400	TL	Kittel P. 2012. Budowa i ewolucja doliny Neru w rejonie stanowiska Lutomiersk-Koziówki w świetle badań geoarcheologicznych. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 100:113–133. (in Polish, summary in English)
16					sand (fluvial)	GW 1125	16100 ± 2400	TL
17					sand (fluvial)	GW-1124	19400 ± 2900	TL
18					sand (fluvial)	GW-0802	23600 ±3500	TL
19					sand (fluvial)	GW-0801	26600 ± 4000	TL
20	Rozprza	19.67	51.3	183	sand (fluvial)	UJK-OSL-72	24700 ± 3700	OSL	Sikora J, Kittel P, Frączek M, Głąb Z, Golyeva A, Mueller-Bieniek A, Schneeweiß J, Tomczyńska Z, Wasylikowa K, Wiedner K. 2019. A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the rampart construction of the medieval ring-fort in Rozprza, Central Poland. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11:4187–4219.
21	Szynkielew	no data	no data	no data	sand (fluvial)	no data	19900±3000	TL	Kittel P., 2016. Badania geoarcheologiczne pokrywy stokowej na stanowisku archeologicznym Szynkielew 11, gm. Pabianice. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica 15: 25–35. (in Polish, summary in English)
22	Szynkielew	no data	no data	no data	sand (fluvial)	no data	20600±3100	TL
23	Warenka	18.62	52.04	105	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3440	17400 ± 1400	OSL	unpublished
24		18.62	52.04	105	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3529	24100 ± 1600	OSL
25		18.62	52.04	105	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3530	24900 ± 1500	OSL
26		18.61	52.03	105	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3177	26700 ± 1500	OSL
27		18.62	52.04	105	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3531	26700 ± 1700	OSL
28	Warenka	18.62	52.04	105	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3532	29300 ± 2000	OSL	unpublished
29	Warenka	18.61	52.03	105	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3178	30300 ± 1700	OSL	unpublished
30	Swędów	51.92	19.53	145	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3140	18900±1200	OSL	Michczyńska D.J., Dzieduszyńska D.A., Petera-Zganiacz J., Wachecka-Kotkowska L., Krzyszkowski D., Wieczorek D., Ludwikowska-Kędzia M., Gębica P. Starkel L., 2022. Climatic oscillations during MIS 3-2 recorded in sets of ¹⁴C and OSL dates - a study based on data from Poland. Radiocarbon 64(6): 1373–1386.
31		51.92	19.53	145	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3141	20900±1200	OSL
32		no data	no data	no data	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3142	13600±540	OSL
33		no data	no data	no data	sand (fluvial)	GdTL-3137	19800±1300	OSL
34	Lutomiersk Koziówki	19.22	51.75	152.5	sand (fluvial)	KIE-603	22900 ± 3400	TL	Kittel P. 2012. Budowa i ewolucja doliny Neru w rejonie stanowiska Lutomiersk-Koziówki w świetle badań geoarcheologicznych. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 100:113–133. (in Polish, summary in English)
35					sand (fluvial)	KIE-601	23100 ± 3500	TL
36					sand (fluvial)	KIE-604	23300 ± 3500	TL
37	Restarzew Środkowy	no data	no data	no data	sand (fluvial)	PIG364	12400±2800	OSL	Bieńko K., Cieślak A., Wieczorek D., 2022. Objaśnienia do Szczegółowej mapy geologicznej Polski w skali 1:50 000, arkusz Zelów (699) (Explanations to the Detailed Geological Map of Poland in the scale 1:50,000, Zelów sheet (699)). (in Polish) NAG, PIG-PIB Warszawa (electronical version).
38	Dubie	no data	no data	no data	sand (fluvial)	PIG363	14600±2500	OSL

j_geochr-2023-0018_tab_001

No.	Site name / Sample name	Long E	Lat N	Alt. [m a.s.l.]	Dated material	Lab. Code	¹⁴C Age [BP]	Dating technique AMS / LSC / GPC	References
1	Aleksandrów (KWB Adamów)	No data	No data	No data	organic silt	Lod 1045	23010±390	LSC	Forysiak J. 2005. Rozwój doliny Warty między Burzeninem i Dobrowem po zlodowaceniu warty. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 90: 5–116. (in Polish, summary in English)
2	Aleksandrów (KWB Adamów)	No data	No data	No data	organic silt	Lod 1084	24400±470	LSC
3	Bechcice	No data	No data	No data	peat	IGSB 1381	11020±230	LSC	Stachowicz-Rybka R, Obremska M, Kittel P, Pawłowski D, Cywa K, Forysiak J. 2011. Zapis zmian paleośrodowiskowych w kontekście archeologicznym w osadach wypełnienia paleokoryta w dolinie Neru na stanowisku Kolonia Bechcice (woj. Łódzkie, Polska Środkowa). V Konferencja Paleobotaniki Czwartorzędu, Górzno: 13–17. (in Polish)
4	Bechcice	No data	No data	No data	organic silt	MKL 285	11240±180	LSC	Kittel P. 2012. Budowa i ewolucja doliny Neru w rejonie stanowiska Lutomiersk-Koziówki w świetle badań geoarcheologicznych. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 100:113–133. (in Polish, summary in English)
5	Byszewy	No data	No data	No data	peat	Lod-467	8420±170	LSC	Kamiński J. 1993. Późnoplejstoceńska i holoceńska transformacja doliny Moszczenicy jako rezultat zmian środowiska naturalnego oraz działalności człowieka. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 64. (in Polish, summary in English)
6	Gieczno	No data	No data	No data	organic silt	Lod 437	30500±800	LSC
7	Głowy	18.67	52.1	96	peat	MKL 1647	10360±70	LSC	Majecka A, Okupny D, Borówka RK, Tomkowiak J, Fortuniak A, Forysiak J, Petera-Zganiacz J, Słowiński M, Krajewska I. 2014. Osady kopalnego starorzecza Warty z późnego vistulianu w odkrywce Koźmin-Głowy (Kotlina Kolska) w świetle wstępnych analiz paleoekologicznych [In:] XXI Konferencja Stratygrafia Plejstocenu Polski “Dynamika lądolodów plejstoceńskich na obszarze Sokólszczyzny i Równiny Augustowskiej”, Augustów: 68–69. (in Polish)
8					gyttja	MKL 1649	11120±70	LSC
9					gyttja	MKL 1648	11260±70	LSC
10					gyttja	MKL 2311	11350±130	LSC
11					gyttja	MKL 2312	12140±140	LSC
12					gyttja	MKL 2313	12350±130	LSC
13					peat	MKL 1646	9930±60	LSC
14	Janiszew Poduchowny	18.66	52.09	96.5	peat	Lod 1284	25100±500	LSC	Petera-Zganiacz J. 2007. Stratygrafia osadów vistuliańskich a młodoczwartorzędowa aktywność tektoniczna w okolicach Koźmina. Prace Instytutu Geografii Akademii Świętokrzyskiej w Kielcach 16: 103–116. (in Polish, summary in English)
15	Janiszew Poduchowny	18.65	52.09	96.8	peat	Lod 1392	28330±740	LSC
16	Kamion	No data	No data	No data	organic silt + peat	Lod 680	11250±170	LSC	Kobojek E. 2000. Morfogeneza doliny Rawki. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 77. (in Polish, summary in English)
17					mud and clay enriched in humus horizon	Gd-4344	13500±290	GPC	Cichosz-Kostecka A, Mycielska-Dowgiałło E, Manikowska B. 1991. Late Glacial aeolian processes in the light of sediment analysis from Kamion profile near Wyszogród. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl.-Bd. 90: 45–50.
18					mud and clay enriched in humus horizon	Gd-4343	14300±300	GPC
19		20.18	52.35	No data	mud and clay enriched in humus horizon	Lod 85	14590±270	LSC	Manikowska B. 1985. O glebach kopalnych, stratygrafii i litologii wydm Polski środkowej. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 52. (in Polish, summary in English)
20	Kolonia Bechcice	No data	No data	No data	decomposed peat	IGSB-1382	8250±150	LSC	Kittel P., 2014. Slope deposits as an indicator of anthropopressure in the light of research in Central Poland. Quaternary International 324: 34–55.
21	Kolonia Bechcice	No data	No data	No data	organic mud	Lod-1441	9020±80	LSC
22	Kolonia Bechcice	19.23	51.75	No data	decomposed peat	Poz-41755	9090±50	AMS	Płóciennik M., Kittel P., Borówka R.K., CywaK., Okupny D., Obremska M., PawłowskiD., Stachowicz-Rybka R., SzpernaR., WitkowskiA., et al. 2016. Warunki paleoekologiczne subkopalnego koryta Kolonia Bechcice na tle hydrologii środkowego odcinka doliny Neru. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 105: 107–124. (inPolish, summary in English)
23		19.23	51.75	No data	gyttja	MKL-417	9520±90	LSC
24		No data	No data	No data	organic silt	IGSB-1384	9120±440	LSC	unpublished
25	Koźmin JPII/I	No data	No data	No data	organic silt with charcoal	MKL-1388	9240±80	LSC	unpublished
26	Koźmin-KN	18.67	52.10	96.0	gyttja	MKL-4276	8380±100	LSC	unpublished
27					gyttja	MKL-4277	8740±90	LSC
28					gyttja	MKL-3336	9310±80	LSC
29					gyttja	MKL-3373	8270±100	LSC
30	Koźmin-Las	18.67	52.08	97.5	organic matter in sandy silt	MKL-1077	9780±110	LSC	Dzieduszyńska D, Petera-Zganiacz J, TwardyJ, Kittel P, Moska P and Adamiec G, 2014a. Optical dating and sedimentary record from the terrace depositional profile of the Warta River (central Poland). Geochronometria 41(4): 361–368.
31		18.67	52.08	97.5	organic silt	MKL-1076	9780±150	LSC
32		18.67	52.08	97.5	plant remains: Betula sect. Albae - 2 fruit scales	Poz 50361	10000±80	AMS
33		18.67	52.08	97.5	plant remains: Betula sect. Albae - 2 fruit scales; Pinus Sylvestris - 1 shoot	Poz 50360	10430±80	AMS
34		18.67	52.08	97.5	plant remains: Pinus sylvestris - shoots & fragment of needle	Poz 50356	10850±60	AMS
35	Koźmin	18.67	52.08	97.5	charcoal in flood sediments	GdA-6077	10480±50	AMS	unpublished
36		18.65	52.08	97.5	organic silt	Gd-9740	10200±430	GPC	Petera-Zganiacz J, Dzieduszyńska D. 2007. Wymowa paleogeograficzna horyzontu pni kopalnych w osadach późnego vistulianu. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 93: 57–66. (in Polish, summary in English)
37		18.65	52.09	97	organic silt	Lod 1389	10350±90	LSC
38		No data	No data	No data	organic silt	Lod-661	8250±120	LSC	Petera J. 2002. Vistuliańskie osady dolinne w basenie uniejowskim i ich wymowa paleogeograficzna. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 83. (in Polish, summary in English)
39		No data	No data	No data	peat	Lod 974	11980±110	LSC	MAiE archives
40		18.61	52.03	107	organic silt	MKL 4275	12420±130	LSC	unpubished
41		18.66	52.08	97.5	peat	Lod 768	18480±230	LSC	Petera J. 2002. Vistuliańskie osady dolinne w basenie uniejowskim i ich wymowa paleogeograficzna. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 83. (in Polish, summary in English)
42		18.65	52.08	97	organic silt	Lod 659	24200±300	LSC
43		18.66	52.08	97.5	organic silt	Lod 769	29950±900	LSC
44		18.67	52.09	97	organic silt	Lod 1403	31280±1050	LSC	Petera-Zganiacz J, Adamiec G. 2010. The age of the Warta river valley deposits based on ¹⁴C, TL, OSL dating methods (Kotlina Kolska, Middle Poland). 10th International Conference “Methods of Absolute Chronology”. 22–25 April 2010, Gliwice, Poland: 112.
45	Koźmin Północ	18.66	52.08	97	organic silt	Lod 879	26290±560	LSC	Petera J. 2002. Vistuliańskie osady dolinne w basenie uniejowskim i ich wymowa paleogeograficzna. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 83. (in Polish, summary in English)
46					organic silt	Lod 878	31740±1100	LSC
47					organic silt	Lod 881	36310±1860	LSC
48	Koźmin Środkowy	18.67	52.08	97.5	organic silt	Lod 700	28600±260	LSC	Petera J. 2002. Vistuliańskie osady dolinne w basenie uniejowskim i ich wymowa paleogeograficzna. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 83. (in Polish, summary in English)
25	Koźmin-Kwiatków	No data	No data	No data	organic silt	GdS-4021	9980±100	LSC	unpublished
49		18.68	52.10	96.5	organic silt	GdS-4062	10600±90	LSC
51		18.68	52.10	96.3	organic silt	GdS-4030	9990±90	LSC
52		18.68	52.10	96.3	organic silt	GdS-4048	10380±260	LSC
53	Krzeczów	No data	No data	No data	peat	Lod-365	9080±150	LSC	Kanwiszer A, Trzeciak P. 1991. Lodz radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 33(1): 115–130.
54	Kwiatków	18.68	52.1	96.5	organic silt	MKL 1644	10940±100	LSC	Petera-Zganiacz J, Piotrowska M, TwardyJ, Dzieduszyńska DA, Okupny D, Forysiak J, Rzepecki S. 2019a. Environmental conditions as a key factor in the functioning of wells at a settlement from the Roman period of the Iron Age. Quaternary International 501: 250–268.
55	Kwiatków	18.68	52.1	96.5	organic silt	MKL 1645	10960±100	LSC
56	Kwiatków DJ	18.68	52.1	96	organic silt	MKL 3335	10720±100	LSC	Dzieduszyńska DA, Petera-Zganiacz J. 2018. Small-scale geologic evidence for Vistulian decline cooling periods: case studies from the Łódź Region (Central Poland). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 90(2): 209–222.
57	Lublinek	No data	No data	No data	organic silt	Gd-9196	10220±170	LSC	Turkowska K, Dzieduszyńska D. 2011. Local evidence of landform evolution vs. global changes – a case of Younger Dryas study in the upper Ner valley system, central Poland. Geographia Polonica 84, Special Issue 1: 147–162.
58					organic silt	Gd-10027	10690±140	LSC
59					organic layer	Lod 444	11320±160	LSC
60					organic mud	Lod 479	12470±180	LSC	Turkowska K. 1988. Rozwój dolin rzecznych na Wyżynie Łódzkiej w późnym czwartorzędzie. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 57. (in Polish, summary in English)
61		19.35	51.73	No data	organic silt	Lod 238	12950±390	LSC
62		19.35	51.73	No data	organic silt in situ	Lod 370	13800±200	LSC
63		No data	No data	No data	organic mud	Lod 445	16200±200	LSC	Turkowska K, Dzieduszyńska D. 2011. Local evidence of landform evolution vs. global changes – a case of Younger Dryas study in the upper Ner valley system, central Poland. Geographia Polonica 84, Special Issue 1: 147–162.
64					organic mud	Lod 478	17100±200	LSC
65					organic detritus	Gd-1906	21720±220	GPC	Turkowska K. 1988. Rozwój dolin rzecznych na Wyżynie Łódzkiej w późnym czwartorzędzie. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 57. (in Polish, summary in English)
66		19.35	51.73	No data	organic silt	Lod 275	9850±250	LSC
67		No data	No data	No data	organic detritus	Gd-7541	9470±40	LSC
68					organic detritus	Lod 274	9380±250	LSC	Turkowska K. 1988. Rozwój dolin rzecznych na Wyżynie Łódzkiej w późnym czwartorzędzie. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 57.
69					organic detritus	Gd-10099	9200±90	GPC	Turkowska K, Dzieduszyńska D. 2011. Local evidence of landform evolution vs. global changes – a case of Younger Dryas study in the upper Ner valley system, central Poland. Geographia Polonica 84, Special Issue 1: 147–162.
70	Lublinek	No data	No data	No data	poorly decomposed peat	Gd-2410	8400±200	GPC	Turkowska K. 1988. Rozwój dolin rzecznych na Wyżynie Łódzkiej w późnym czwartorzędzie. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 57. (in Polish, summary in English)
71					organic layer	Lod 342	8350±160	LSC	Turkowska K. 1988. Rozwój dolin rzecznych na Wyżynie Łódzkiej w późnym czwartorzędzie. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 57. (in Polish, summary in English)
72					organic layer	Lod 373	8250±150	LSC
73					pine cone	Gd-1839	8240±160	GPC	Turkowska K. 1988. Rozwój dolin rzecznych na Wyżynie Łódzkiej w późnym czwartorzędzie. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 57. (in Polish, summary in English)
74					organic layer	Lod 276	8180±220	GPC	Turkowska K. 1990. Main fluvial episodes in the Ner Valley in the last 22 000years; a detailedin Lublinek near Łódź, Central Poland. Quaternary Studies in Poland 9: 85–89.
75	Lutomiersk-Koziówki	No data	No data	No data	organic silt with plant detritus	MKL-286	9240±120	LSC	Kittel P. 2012. Budowa i ewolucja doliny Neru w rejonie stanowiska Lutomiersk-Koziówki w świetle badań geoarcheologicznych. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 100: 113–133. (in Polish, summary in English)
76					peat	MKL-287	8670±70	LSC
77					peat	MKL-284	9030±160	LSC
78					organic silt with plant detritus	MKL-283	9240±120	LSC
79	Łęg Ręczyński	19.22	51.23	No data	peat	Lod 328	10270±220	LSC	Kanwiszer A, Trzeciak P. 1986. Lodz radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 28(3): 1102–1109.
80	Łykowe	18.78	51.2	No data	sandy peat	Lod-150	8070±180	LSC	Kanwiszer A, Trzeciak P. 1991. Lodz radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 33(1): 115–130.
81					sandy peat	Lod-149	9150±210	LSC
82					organic silt	Lod 148	10380±220	LSC	MAiE archives
83					peat	Lod 358	11700±200	LSC	MAiE archives
84	Majkowice	No data	No data	No data	peat	Gd-2044	13030±200	GPC	Szumański A. 1983. Palaeochannelsof large meandersin the river valley of the Polish Lowland. Quaternary Studies in Poland 4: 207–16.
85	Paskrzyn	19.87	51.23	182.5	choarcoal	Lod 263	11600±300	LSC	MAiE archives
86		19.87	51.23	No data	organic silt	Lod 244	12250±190	LSC
87		19.87	51.23	183	sandy silt with plant detritus	Lod 262	13200±200	LSC
88	Polesie	No data	No data	No data	sand and silty sand	Lod-1380	21990±350	LSC	Twardy J. 2008. Transformacja rzeźby centralnej części Polski Środkowej w warunkach antropopresji. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. (in Polish)
89	Przedbórz	19 53 00	51 03 00	190	peat	Gd-1468	8890±60	GPC	Szumański A. 1983. Paleochannels of the large meanders in the river valleys of the Polish Lowland. Quaternary Studies in Poland 4: 207–216.
90	Rogóźno	No data	No data	No data	plant remains	Lod-442	8950±180	LSC	Kamiński J. 1993. Późnoplejstoceńska i holoceńska transformacja doliny Moszczenicy jako rezultat zmian środowiska naturalnego oraz działalności człowieka. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 64. (in Polish, summary in English)
91					plant remains	Lod-443	8700±160	LSC
92					organic silt	Lod 411	10400±200	LSC
93	Rozprza	19.67	51.3	183	macrofossils in organic mud; Pinus sylvestris - 22 shoots and 2 needles; Betula sect. albae - 1 fruit scale and 1 fruit; Betula nana - 3 fruits	MKL-A4682	10069±27	AMS	unpublished
94					gyttja	MKL-2408	10200±120	LSC	Kittel P, Sikora J, Woroniecki P. 2018. A Late Medieval motte-and-bailey settlement in a lowland river valley landscape of Central Poland. Geoarchaeology 33: 558–578.
95					clayey gyttja	MKL-2818	10380±70	LSC
96					macrofossils in coarse detritus gyttja with sandy admixtures: Pinus sylvestris - 8 shoots and 5 bud scales; shrub buds undif. - 5; Betula sect. albae - 4 fruit scales	MKL-A3933	10415±26	AMS
97					gyttja	MKL-2959	10810±90	LSC
98					macrofossils in coarse detritus gyttja: Pinus sylvestris – fragments of needle	MKL-A3566	10877±31	LSC
99					macrofossils in peaty organic mud: Pinus sylvestris - 20 shoots; Betula sect. albae - 2 fruit scales and 3 fruits; Betula nana - 4 fruit scales and 2 fruits; Filipendula ulmaria - 1 seed; Urtica dioica - 1 seed	MKL-A4681	10889±35	AMS
100					gyttja	MKL-2960	10930±100	LSC
101					peaty organic mud; Pinus sylvestris - 2 seeds and 20 shoots; Betula sect. albae - 2 fruit scales; Carex sp. trigonous - 1 fruit	MKL-A3934	11029±26	LSC
102					clayey organic mud	MKL-2819	11070±80	LSC
103					macrofossils in organic mud: Pinus sylvestris - 1 fragment of cone, 5 shoots and 2 fragments of needle; Betula sect. albae - 2 fruit scales and 5 fruits; Betula nana - 7 fruit scales and 6 fruits	MKL-3503A	11126±82	AMS
104					macrofossils in organic mud: Pinus sylvestris - 4 fragments of cone and 3 bud scales; Betula sect. albae - 2 fruit scales	MKL-A3935	11404±27	AMS
105					clayey organic mud	MKL-2961	12010±120	LSC
106					laminated organic mud	MKL-2820	12720±80	LSC
107	Swędów JK	No data	No data	No data	peat	Lod-303	8740±110	LSC	Kamiński J. 1989. Wpływ holoceńskich procesów eolicznych na kształtowanie dna doliny Moszczenicy. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 59:11–17.
108				No data	peat	Lod 339	32800±900	LSC	Kamiński J. 1993. Późnoplejstoceńska i holoceńska transformacja doliny Moszczenicy jako rezultat zmian środowiska naturalnego oraz działalności człowieka. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 64.
109				146	organic silt	Lod 286	10370±250	LSC
110				146	organic silt	Lod 304	10850±180	LSC
111	Swędów	19.52	51.92	145	organic silt	GdS 3963	11390±100	LSC	Petera-Zganiacz J, Dzieduszyńska DA, Forysiak J, Twardy J, Milecka K, Czerwiński B. 2019b. The Late Vistulian record in deposits of the Moszczenica River valley at the Swędów site (Central Poland). [In:] Börner A. Hüneke H. Lorenz S. (Eds.) Field Symposium of the INQUA PeriBaltic Working Group “From Weichselian Ice-Sheet Dynamics to Holocene Land Use Development in Western Pomerania and Mecklenburg”. Abstract Volume. Scientific Technical Report STR 19/01, Potsdam: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences:74–76. DOI: http://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-19012
112					organic silt	GdS 3970	11410±65	LSC
113					organic silt, rejuvenated date, not analysed	GdS-3983	8980±95	LSC
114	Swędów II	19.52	51.92	146,25	organic silt	GdA-6444	10660±60	AMS	unpublished
115	Świerczyna	No data	No data	No data	wood	Poz-52513	8060±90	AMS	Pawłowski D, Płóciennik M, Brooks SJ, Luoto TP, Milecka K, Nevalainen L, Peyron O, Self A, Zieliński T. 2015. A multiproxy study of Younger Dryas and Early Holocene climatic conditions from the Grabia River paleo-oxbow lake (central Poland). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 438: 34–50.
116		No data	No data	No data	stems of moss	Poz-54910	9500±50	AMS
117		19.01	51.47	94	plant remains	Poz 52514	10010±70	AMS
118					plant remains	Poz 54911	10150±90	AMS
119					plant remains	Poz 54915	10250±110	AMS
120					plant remains	Poz 54914	10360±60	AMS
121					plant remains	Poz 54913	10370±80	AMS
122					plant remains	Poz 52516	10420±60	AMS
123	Troniny	18.75	51.1	No data	organic silt	Lod 357	10710±180	LSC	MAiE archives
124	Tum	No data	No data	No data	peat	Lod-1558	8650±80	LSC	Marosik P, Forysiak J. 2014. Ukształtowanie terenu, budowa geologiczna i rozwój paleogeograficzny otoczenia grodziska w Tumie. [In:] Grygiel R, Jurek T (eds.), Początki Łęczycy. Archeologia środowiskowa średniowiecznej Łęczycy, t. I. MAiE, Łódź: 59–94. (in Polish)
125					peat	Lod-1499	8790±80	LSC
126					organic silt	Lod-1598	8950±80	LSC
127					peat	Lod-1596	9010±80	LSC
128					organic silt	Lod-1588	9190±80	LSC
129					organic silt	Lod-1595	9250±80	LSC
130					peaty silt	Lod-1590	9490±90	LSC
131					peaty gyttja	Lod-1589	9770±90	LSC
132					gyttja	Lod 1560	10190±90	LSC
133					organic silt	Lod 1592	10210±90	LSC
134					peat	Lod 1599	10390±90	LSC
135					peat	Lod 1591	10870±100	LSC
136					gyttja	Lod 1498	10880±100	LSC
137					gyttja	Lod 1549	11270±100	LSC
138					gyttja	Lod 1593	11280±100	LSC
139					gyttja	Lod 1559	11290±100	LSC
140	Warenka	18.61	52.03	107	organic silt	MKL 4280	19970±260	LSC	unpublished
141					organic silt	MKL 4278	22540±210	LSC
142					organic silt	MKL 4279	23170±230	LSC
143		18.63	52.05	105	organic silt	GdA-6445	22370±150	AMS
144					organic silt	GdA-6446	19580±120	AMS
145					organic silt	GdA-6447	25460±200	AMS
146	Warszyce	No data	No data	No data	peat	Lod-469	8900±170	LSC	Kamiński J. 1993. Późnoplejstoceńska i holoceńska transformacja doliny Moszczenicy jako rezultat zmian środowiska naturalnego oraz działalności człowieka. Acta Geographica Lodziensia 64. (in Polish, summary in English)
147	Warszyce	No data	No data	No data	organic silt	Lod 439	28900±700	LSC
148	Wierzbowa	19.08	51.97	112–116	organic mud	Lod-1450	9270±80	LSC	Kittel P., 2014. Slope deposits as an indicator of anthropopressure in the light of research in Central Poland. Quaternary International 324: 34–55.
149	Parchliny A (PARCH 3)	19.14	51.23	175.5	organic horizon in sandy-muddy deposits	GdS-1128	43500 ± 2000	LSC	Wachecka-Kotkowska L, Krzyszkowski D, Klaczak K, Król E, 2014. Middle Weichselian pleniglacial sedimentation in the Krasówka river palaeovalley, Central Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 84(4): 323–340.
150	Parchliny A PARCH 2)	19.14	51.23	163.9	peat; middle part of organic horizon	GdS-1127	47500 ± 3500	LSC
151	Parchliny B (PARCH 4)	19.15	51.23	164.4	organic horizon in sand-mud	GdS-1366	33090 ± 580	LSC
152	Parchliny B (PARCH5)	19.15	51.23	165.7	organic horizon in sand-mud	GdS-1371	24080 ± 250	LSC
153	Folwark 1; B/2691			192	humic acids	GrN-18148	23370 ± 250	AMS	Kasse C, Huijzer AS, Krzyszkowski D, Bohncke SJP and Coope GR. 1998. Weichselian Late Pleniglacial and Late-glacial depositional environments, Coleoptera and periglacial climatic records from central Poland (Betchatow). Journal of Quaternary Science 13(5): 455–469.
154	Folwark 1; B/2691			197	organic deposits	GrN-18147	24630 ± 110	AMS	Kasse C, Huijzer AS, Krzyszkowski D, Bohncke SJP and Coope GR. 1998. Weichselian Late Pleniglacial and Late-glacial depositional environments, Coleoptera and periglacial climatic records from central Poland (Betchatow). Journal of Quaternary Science 13(5): 455–469.
155	Folwark 1; B/2692			192	humic acids	GrN-20387	22730 ± 250	AMS	Kasse C, Huijzer AS, Krzyszkowski D, Bohncke SJP and Coope GR. 1998. Weichselian Late Pleniglacial and Late-glacial depositional environments, Coleoptera and periglacial climatic records from central Poland (Betchatow). Journal of Quaternary Science 13(5): 455–469.
156	Folwark 1; B/2692				humic acids	GrN-18150	23400 ± 320	AMS
157		19.29	51.25	197	organic deposits	GrN-18149	24590 ± 120	AMS	Krzyszkowski D. 1998. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Weichselian deposits at Folwark, Belchatów outcrop, central Poland. Quaternary Studies in Poland 15: 3–26.
158	Folwark 2; B/2695			197	organic deposits	GrN-18155	25970 ± 220	AMS	Kasse C, Huijzer AS, Krzyszkowski D, Bohncke SJP and Coope GR. 1998. Weichselian Late Pleniglacial and Late-glacial depositional environments, Coleoptera and periglacial climatic records from central Poland (Betchatow). Journal of Quaternary Science 13(5): 455–469.
159					organic deposits	GrN-20388	26320 ± 270	AMS
160					organic deposits	GrN-18156	27190 ± 200	AMS
161					organic deposits	GrN-20529	27270 ± 750	AMS
162	Folwark 2; B/2696				organic deposits	GrN-20528	21420 ± 350	AMS
163					organic deposits	GrN-18158	26190 ± 270	AMS
164					organic deposits	GrN-18157	26430 ± 240	AMS
165					organic deposits	GrN-20389	26620 ± 360	AMS
166	Folwark 8; B/2742	19.27	51.22	199	plant macrofossils	GrA-3016	22990 ± 120	AMS
167	Kuców C-I	No data	No data	No data	organic material in loam	Lod-738	31860 ± 350	LSC	Trzeciak P, Borowiec I. 2013. Oznaczanie chronologii bezwzględnej metodą radiowęglową w Pracowni Muzeum Archeologicznego i Etnograficznego w Łodzi. Prace i Materiały Muzeum Archeologicznego i Etnograficznego w Łodzi, Seria Numizmatyczno-Konserwatorska. (in Polish)
168	Kuców C-III	No data	No data	No data	organic material in silt/clay	Lod-746	25620 ± 540	LSC	MAiE archives
169	Stawek γ-96	No data	No data	No data	organic material in silty sand	Lod-737	20170 ± 250	LSC	Trzeciak P, Borowiec I. 2013. Oznaczanie chronologii bezwzględnej metodą radiowęglową w Pracowni Muzeum Archeologicznego i Etnograficznego w Łodzi. Prace i Materiały Muzeum Archeologicznego i Etnograficznego w Łodzi, Seria Numizmatyczno-Konserwatorska. (in Polish)
170	No data	No data	No data	No data	unknow	unknow	23700 ± 800	LSC	Manikowska B. 1996. Dwucykliczność ewolucji środowiska peryglacjalnego w Polsce Środkowej podczas vistulianu. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 373: 97–106. (in Polish, summary in English)
171	Bełchatów	No data	No data	No data	organic mud	Gd-2640	12440 ± 180	GPC	Goździk, JS. 1995b. Vistulian sediments in the Bełchatów open cast mine, Central Poland. Qualernary Studies in Poland 13: 13–26.
172	Bełchatów	No data	No data	No data	organic mud	Gd-4348	13670 ± 240	GPC
173	Bełchatów Piaski	No data	No data	No data	plant remains	Lod 116	14350 ± 580	LSC	Goździk J. 1980. Osady i struktury peryglacjalne z plejstocenu okolic Bełchatowa. Przewodnik LIII, Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Waszawa: 322–325. (in Polish)
174	Bełchatów JG/82	No data	No data	No data	organic materials in silt	Gd-2035	11630 ± 180	GPC	French HM, Goździk JS 1988. Pleistocene epigenetic and syngenetic frost fissures, Bełchatów, Poland. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 25(12): 2017–2027.
175	Bełchatów profile B; kopalnia-D	No data	No data	No data	peat	Lod-317	32700 ± 900	LSC	Kanwiszer A, Trzeciak P. 1991. Lodz radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 33(1): 115–130.
176	Bełchatów; I/83/JG	51.25	19.38		peat	Gd-1707	11170 ± 110	GPC	Michczyńska D.J., Dzieduszyńska D.A., Petera-Zganiacz J., Wachecka-Kotkowska L., Krzyszkowski D., Wieczorek D., Ludwikowska-Kędzia M., Gębica P. Starkel L., 2022. Climatic oscillations during MIS 3-2 recorded in sets of ¹⁴C and OSL dates - a study based on data from Poland. Radiocarbon 64(6): 1373–1386.
177	BełchatówII/83/JG	19.38	51.25		peat	Gd-2189	10160 ± 140	GPC
178	Piaski 3	No data	No data	No data	organic material in ooze formation	Lod-118	25200 ± 740	LSC	Goździk J. 1980. Osady i struktury peryglacjalne z plejstocenu okolic Bełchatowa. Przewodnik LIII, Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Waszawa: 322–325.
179	Piaski prof 1/061077	No data	No data	No data	peat	Gd-777	21970 ± 810	GPC	Goździk J. 1986. Czwartorzęd w regionie kopalnie węgla brunatnego, Bełchatów. II Zjazd Geografów Polskich, Łódź, 11 – 13 września, 1986. Przewodnik wycieczek: 109–114. (in Polish)
180	Widawka valley	No data	No data	No data	organic layer	Gd-5484	23600 ± 400	GPC	Goździk, JS. 1995b. Vistulian sediments in the Bełchatów open cast mine, Central Poland. Qualernary Studies in Poland 13: 13–26.
181					organic layer	Gd-6003	24200 ± 650	GPC
182					organic layer	Gd-5485	26900 ± 500	GPC

Impacts of Large-Scale Climate Oscillations on Fluvial Sediments in Central Poland: Evidence from Geochronological Analysis

Figures & Tables

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