Abstract
Gastric lesions represent a significant health concern in domestic pigs and, to a lesser extent, in wild boars. Their development reflects a multifactorial interaction of dietary characteristics, stress exposure, microbial balance, and infection with Helicobacter spp. Domestic pigs show a high prevalence and severity of lesions, primarily in the pars oesophagea, driven by finely ground low-fibre feed, intensive housing, and dysbiosis. In contrast, wild boars typically display mild, often asymptomatic lesions associated with their fibre-rich diet, natural social structure, and stable microbiota. This review compares etiological factors and pathological features across both populations and highlights implications for prevention. Special attention is given to the ecology and zoonotic relevance of Helicobacter suis. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for optimizing nutritional strategies, minimizing stress, and mitigating risks of interspecies transmission.