Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutrition, the concentration of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and the urinary nitrogen excretion in farm conditions and to use the MUN concentration as a tool to control protein nutrition and environmental load in dairy farming. Urinary N excretion was evaluated by an empirical model according to the intake and metabolic transformation of N to milk protein in selected farms was on average 208.8 ± 34.8 g with a range of values from 127.7 to 277.8 g N.day−1. The evaluated proportion of excreted N in relation to crude protein (CP) intake in the total mix ration (TMR) was statistically significant (R2 = 0.504; P < 0.0001). Urinary N excretion, evaluated according to the analysis of the MUN content, using selected regression equations, was on average 211.8 ± 24.3 g.day−1 with an individual variation of 157.2‒274.7 g.day−1 with a significantly higher positive correlation to the received CP in the TMR (R2 = 0.693; P < 0.0001). The evaluated effect of CP concentration in the TMR on urine N excretion confirmed the higher nitrogen excretion in the urine by 25.6 g per day with an increased CP in the TMR by 1 %. The proportion of urea nitrogen in the total N excreted in the urine was on average 80.5 %. The validation of the models for the prediction of nitrogen excretion, according to the MUN for the practical application on farms, was determined the best equation by Kaufmann a St-Pierre, which used available data from routine analysis of milk composition by the Breeding service of Slovakia. The MUN analysis offered a simple and non-invasive approach to the evaluation of the urinary N excretion, as well as, the efficiency of N utilization from feed to milk.